{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T19:53:51Z","timestamp":1791575631428,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692230400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Dutch research council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["OCENW.KLEIN.483"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OCENW.KLEIN.483"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Junior Scientific Masterclass-MD\/PhD program of the UMCG"},{"name":"Pharma Nord"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMW","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DECISION project 848090001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DECISION project 848090001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002996","name":"Dutch Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DECISION project 848090001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DECISION project 848090001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016421","name":"Cardiovascular Medical Research and Education Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RACE V (CVON 2014\u20139)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RACE V (CVON 2014\u20139)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016421","name":"Cardiovascular Medical Research and Education Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RED-CVD (CVON2017-11)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RED-CVD (CVON2017-11)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Top Sector Life Sciences & Health to the Dutch Heart Foundation","award":["PPP Allowance"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPP Allowance"]}]},{"name":"Top Sector Life Sciences & Health to the Dutch Heart Foundation","award":["CVON-AI (2018B017))"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVON-AI (2018B017))"]}]},{"name":"the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["EHRA-PATHS (945260)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EHRA-PATHS (945260)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Res Cardiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Malnutrition has been linked to cardiovascular diseases. Both selenium and iron deficiency have been associated with worse prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF). Yet, little is known about the role of micronutrients in the development of atrial fibrillation (AFib). In this study, we aimed to elucidate the association of micronutrient deficiencies with new-onset AFib.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Selenium, magnesium, and iron parameters were measured in a well-characterized prospective cohort study (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095452). Selenium deficiency was defined as serum selenium\u2009&lt;\u200970\u00a0\u03bcg\/L, iron deficiency as serum ferritin\u2009&lt;\u200930\u00a0\u03bcg\/L, and magnesium deficiency as plasma magnesium\u2009&lt;\u20090.85\u00a0mmol\/L. New-onset AFib was the primary outcome. Additionally, we tested for previously reported effect-modifiers where applicable.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Selenium, iron, and magnesium deficiency was observed in 1155 (21.2%), 797 (14.6%), and 3600 (66.0%) participants, respectively. During a mean follow-up of 6.2\u00a0years, 136 (2.5%) participants developed new-onset AFib. Smoking status significantly interacted with selenium deficiency on outcome (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.079). After multivariable adjustment for components of the CHARGE-AF model, selenium deficiency was associated with new-onset AFib in non-smokers (HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.09\u20132.64, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.020), but not in smokers (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.29\u20132.08, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.619). Magnesium deficiency (HR 1.40, 95% CI 0.93\u20132.10, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.110) and iron deficiency (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.25\u20131.54, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.307) were not significantly associated with new-onset AFib.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Selenium deficiency was associated with new-onset AFib in non-smoking participants. Interventional studies that investigate the effects of optimizing micronutrients status in a population at risk are needed to assess causality, especially in those with selenium deficiency.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Micronutrients deficiencies (selenium, iron, and magnesium) have been associated with cardiovascular diseases and mitochondrial dysfunction in human cardiomyocytes. However, it is not known whether these deficiencies are associated with atrial fibrillation. To investigate this question, we measured all three micronutrients in 5452 apparently healthy individuals. After a mean follow-up of 6.2\u00a0years, there were 136 participants who developed atrial fibrillation. Participants with selenium deficiency had a significant increased risk to develop atrial fibrillation, as did the participants with two or more deficiencies.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-023-02276-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T06:02:55Z","timestamp":1692252175000},"page":"41-52","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Micronutrient deficiencies and new-onset atrial fibrillation in a community-based cohort: data from PREVEND"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Ali A.","family":"Al-Mubarak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Grote Beverborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Zwartkruis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colinda","family":"van Deutekom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin H.","family":"de Borst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ron T.","family":"Gansevoort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan J. L.","family":"Bakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daan J.","family":"Touw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudolf A.","family":"de Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"van der Meer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiel","family":"Rienstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5926-6960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nils","family":"Bomer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2276_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa612","volume":"42","author":"G Hindricks","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N et al (2021) 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): the Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the Europea. Eur Heart J 42:373\u2013498","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2276_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k1453","volume":"361","author":"L Staerk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Staerk L, Wang B, Preis SR et al (2018) Lifetime risk of atrial fibrillation according to optimal, borderline, or elevated levels of risk factors: cohort study based on longitudinal data from the Framingham Heart Study. BMJ 361:k1453","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2276_CR3","volume":"27","author":"JE Siland","year":"2020","unstructured":"Siland JE, Zwartkruis V, Geelhoed B et al (2020) Lifestyle components: self-reported physical activity, nutritional status, sleep quality and incident atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol Hear Vasc 27:100492","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Hear Vasc"},{"key":"2276_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006921","volume":"130","author":"M\u00c1 Mart\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez M\u00c1, Toledo E, Ar\u00f3s F et al (2014) Extravirgin olive oil consumption reduces risk of atrial fibrillation: the PREDIMED (Prevenci\u00f3n con Dieta Mediterr\u00e1nea) trial. Circulation 130:18\u201326","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2276_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivu020","volume":"18","author":"S Ali-Hassan-Sayegh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ali-Hassan-Sayegh S, Mirhosseini SJ, Rezaeisadrabadi M et al (2014) Antioxidant supplementations for prevention of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: an updated comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of 23 randomized controlled trials. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 18:646\u2013654","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2276_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32472-9","volume":"395","author":"JC Wells","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wells JC, Sawaya AL, Wibaek R et al (2020) The double burden of malnutrition: aetiological pathways and consequences for health. Lancet (London, England) 395:75\u201388","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"2276_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.742425","volume":"12","author":"H Narayanam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Narayanam H, Chinni SV, Samuggam S (2021) The impact of micronutrients-calcium, vitamin D, selenium, zinc in cardiovascular health: a mini review. Front Physiol 12:1530","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2276_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13456","volume":"291","author":"N Bomer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bomer N, Pavez-Giani MG, Grote Beverborg N, Cleland JGF, van Veldhuisen DJ, van der Meer P (2022) Micronutrient deficiencies in heart failure: mitochondrial dysfunction as a common pathophysiological mechanism? J Intern Med 291:713\u2013731","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2276_CR9","first-page":"ehab834","volume":"2021","author":"AJS Coats","year":"2021","unstructured":"Coats AJS, Heymans S, Farmakis D et al (2021) Atrial disease and heart failure: the common soil hypothesis proposed by the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2021:ehab834","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2276_CR10","first-page":"1","volume":"22","author":"N Bomer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bomer N, Grote Beverborg N, Hoes MF et al (2019) Selenium and outcome in heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 22:1\u20139","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2276_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2405","volume":"24","author":"AA Al-Mubarak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Mubarak AA, Grote Beverborg N, Suthahar N et al (2021) High selenium levels associate with reduced risk of mortality and new-onset heart failure: data from PREVEND. Eur J Heart Fail 24:299\u2013307","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2276_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092541","volume":"12","author":"AA Al-Mubarak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Mubarak AA, Grote Beverborg N, Anker SD et al (2020) A clinical tool to predict low serum selenium in patients with worsening heart failure. Nutrients 12:2541","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2276_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-021-00511-4","volume":"18","author":"AA Al-Mubarak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Mubarak AA, van der Meer P, Bomer N (2021) Selenium, selenoproteins, and heart failure: current knowledge and future perspective. Curr Heart Fail Rep 18:122\u2013131","journal-title":"Curr Heart Fail Rep"},{"key":"2276_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2017-000668","volume":"5","author":"JJ DiNicolantonio","year":"2018","unstructured":"DiNicolantonio JJ, O\u2019Keefe JH, Wilson W (2018) Subclinical magnesium deficiency: a principal driver of cardiovascular disease and a public health crisis. Open Hear 5:e000668","journal-title":"Open Hear"},{"key":"2276_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.082511","volume":"127","author":"AM Khan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Khan AM, Lubitz SA, Sullivan LM et al (2013) Low serum magnesium and the development of atrial fibrillation in the community. Circulation 127:33\u201338","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2276_CR16","first-page":"108","volume":"3","author":"WL Baker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baker WL (2017) Treating arrhythmias with adjunctive magnesium: identifying future research directions. Eur Hear J Cardiovasc Pharmacother 3:108\u2013117","journal-title":"Eur Hear J Cardiovasc Pharmacother"},{"key":"2276_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht066","volume":"34","author":"FP Brouwers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brouwers FP, de Boer RA, van der Harst P et al (2013) Incidence and epidemiology of new onset heart failure with preserved vs. reduced ejection fraction in a community-based cohort: 11-year follow-up of PREVEND. Eur Heart J 34:1424\u20131431","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2276_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.622","volume":"19","author":"IJT Klip","year":"2017","unstructured":"Klip IJT, Voors AA, Swinkels DW et al (2017) Serum ferritin and risk for new-onset heart failure and cardiovascular events in the community. Eur J Heart Fail 19:348\u2013356","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2276_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8020169","volume":"8","author":"JC Schutten","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schutten JC, Gomes-Neto AW, Navis G et al (2019) Lower plasma magnesium, measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, is associated with increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in women: results from a Dutch prospective cohort study. J Clin Med 8:1\u201316","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2276_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32594-0","volume":"397","author":"SR Pasricha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pasricha SR, Tye-Din J, Muckenthaler MU, Swinkels DW (2021) Iron deficiency. Lancet 397:233\u2013248","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2276_CR21","volume-title":"WHO guideline on use of ferritin concentrations to assess iron status in individuals and populations","author":"WHO","year":"2020","unstructured":"WHO (2020) WHO guideline on use of ferritin concentrations to assess iron status in individuals and populations. WHO, Geneva"},{"key":"2276_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.3945\/an.116.012765","volume":"7","author":"RB Costello","year":"2016","unstructured":"Costello RB, Elin RJ, Rosanoff A et al (2016) Perspective: the case for an evidence-based reference interval for serum magnesium: the time has come. Adv Nutr 7:977\u2013993","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"2276_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.06.1314","volume":"66","author":"RA Vermond","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vermond RA, Geelhoed B, Verweij N et al (2015) Incidence of atrial fibrillation and relationship with cardiovascular events, heart failure, and mortality: a community-based study from the Netherlands. J Am Coll Cardiol 66:1000\u20131007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2276_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alnuwaysir RIS, Hoes MF, van Veldhuisen DJ, van der Meer P, Grote Beverborg N (2022) Iron deficiency in heart failure: mechanisms and pathophysiology. J Clin Med 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11010125","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11010125"},{"key":"2276_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.112.000102","volume":"2","author":"A Alonso","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alonso A, Krijthe BP, Aspelund T et al (2013) Simple risk model predicts incidence of atrial fibrillation in a racially and geographically diverse population: the CHARGE-AF consortium. J Am Heart Assoc 2:e000102","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2276_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2009.01.004","volume":"23","author":"DG Ellingsen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ellingsen DG, Thomassen Y, Rustad P, Molander P, Aaseth J (2009) The time-trend and the relation between smoking and circulating selenium concentrations in Norway. J Trace Elem Med Biol 23:107\u2013115","journal-title":"J Trace Elem Med Biol"},{"key":"2276_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081852","volume":"11","author":"L Schomburg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schomburg L, Orho-Melander M, Struck J, Bergmann A, Melander O (2019) Selenoprotein-P deficiency predicts cardiovascular disease and death. Nutrients 11:1852","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2276_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shi Y, Yang W, Tang X, Yan Q, Cai X, Wu F (2021) Keshan disease: a potentially fatal endemic cardiomyopathy in remote mountains of China. Front Pediatr 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2021.576916","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.576916"},{"key":"2276_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2016.125","volume":"70","author":"C McDonald","year":"2016","unstructured":"McDonald C, Fraser J, Shekar K et al (2016) Low preoperative selenium is associated with post-operative atrial fibrillation in patients having intermediate-risk coronary artery surgery. Eur J Clin Nutr 70:1138\u20131143","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2276_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/S0946-672X(98)80018-7","volume":"12","author":"S Tanguy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tanguy S, Boucher F, Besse S, Ducros V, Favier A, de Leiris J (1998) Trace elements and cardioprotection: increasing endogenous glutathione peroxidase activity by oral selenium supplementation in rats limits reperfusion-induced arrhythmias. J Trace Elem Med Biol Organ Soc Miner Trace Elem 12:28\u201338","journal-title":"J Trace Elem Med Biol Organ Soc Miner Trace Elem"},{"key":"2276_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-0394-8","volume":"17","author":"H Dridi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dridi H, Kushnir A, Zalk R, Yuan Q, Melville Z, Marks AR (2020) Intracellular calcium leak in heart failure and atrial fibrillation: a unifying mechanism and therapeutic target. Nat Rev Cardiol 17:732\u2013747","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"2276_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11906","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111906","volume":"22","author":"N Bomer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bomer N, Pavez-Giani MG, Deiman FE et al (2021) Selenoprotein DIO2 is a regulator of mitochondrial function, morphology and UPRmt in human cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 22:11906","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2276_CR33","unstructured":"Talhout R, Klerx WNM, Stephens WE, Campbell RCJ. Speciation of metals and metalloids in tobacco and tobacco smoke: implications for health and regulation. RIVM Lett Rep 2015-0026 n.d"},{"key":"2276_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2018.292763","volume":"65","author":"LF Mikkelsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mikkelsen LF, Nordestgaard BG, Schnohr P, Ellervik C (2019) Increased Ferritin Concentration and Risk of Atrial fibrillation and heart failure in men and women: three studies of the Danish general population including 35799 individuals. Clin Chem 65:180\u2013188","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2276_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S269379","volume":"15","author":"P Manckoundia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Manckoundia P, Konat\u00e9 A, Hacquin A et al (2020) Iron in the general population and specificities in older adults: metabolism, causes and consequences of decrease or overload, and biological assessment. Clin Interv Aging 15:1927\u20131938","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"2276_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2008.416","volume":"74","author":"G Tripepi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tripepi G, Jager KJ, Dekker FW, Zoccali C (2008) Testing for causality and prognosis: etiological and prognostic models. Kidney Int 74:1512\u20131515","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2276_CR37","first-page":"S194","volume":"23","author":"RJ Elin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Elin RJ (2010) Assessment of magnesium status for diagnosis and therapy. Magnes Res 23:S194\u2013S198","journal-title":"Magnes Res"}],"container-title":["Clinical Research in Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00392-023-02276-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00392-023-02276-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00392-023-02276-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T12:54:10Z","timestamp":1737982450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00392-023-02276-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["2276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00392-023-02276-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1861-0684","1861-0692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1861-0684","type":"print"},{"value":"1861-0692","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 November 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 July 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 August 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The UMCG, which employs several of the authors has received research grants and\/or fees from AstraZeneca, Abbott, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cardior Pharmaceuticals Gmbh, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Novo Nordisk, Vifor, and Roche. M.R. received consultancy fees from Medtronic, Arca Biopharma Inc, and Roche to the institution. The remaining authors have nothing to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}