{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:45:23Z","timestamp":1792158323568,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750723200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Res Cardiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Central venous access for cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantations is conventionally acquired via the cephalic or subclavian vein. Controlled data suggest that axillary vein access may reduce complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We, therefore, shifted institutional practice from subclavian vein access to ultrasound (US)-guided axillary vein access for new implantations and revisions or upgrades and report on implant success rates, learning curves and periprocedural complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between January 2021 and August 2023, all patients undergoing CIED implantations, revisions or upgrades were analyzed. US-guided axillary access was introduced starting with one operator and spreading to most operators and trainees thereafter. Periprocedural outcomes and complications (pocket hematoma, hemothorax, and pneumothorax) of transcutaneous US-guided axillary vein access were compared to the subclavian vein access.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, 986 patients (median age: 75\u00a0years, interquartile range (IQR) 64\u201382\u00a0years, 35% women) with 87% new implantations and 13% revisions or upgrades were included. Transcutaneous US-guided axillary access was successful in 535\/578 patients (93%), subclavian vein access in 400\/408 patients (98%) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). For device upgrades or revisions specifically, axillary access was successful in 69\/79 patients (87%), versus 45\/47 patients (96%) with subclavian access (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.208). The learning curve for axillary access was steep with success rates of 93 after 30 cases per operator. Complications occurred in 2\/578 patients (0.3%) undergoing axillary vein access versus 17\/408 patients (4.2%) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) undergoing subclavian vein access.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The implementation of transcutaneous US-guided axillary vein access for implantation, revisions and upgrades of cardiac electronic devices is feasible in a large tertiary care center. The periprocedural complications are rare.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>CIED<\/jats:italic>\n                      cardiac implantable electronic device,\n                      <jats:italic>US<\/jats:italic>\n                      ultrasound\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-025-02692-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T03:24:40Z","timestamp":1750735480000},"page":"590-601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Implementation of transcutaneous ultrasound-guided axillary vein access for implantations, revisions and upgrades of cardiac implantable electronic devices in a large tertiary care center"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2367-795X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julius","family":"Nikorowitsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahsin","family":"\u00dcctas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Borof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Metzner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan-Per","family":"Wenzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon Julius","family":"Winkelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Pecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yalin","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Reichenspurner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulus","family":"Kirchhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"T\u00f6nnis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Becher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2692_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2011.03150.x","volume":"34","author":"HG Mond","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mond HG, Proclemer A (2011) The 11th world survey of cardiac pacing and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: calendar year 2009\u2013a World Society of Arrhythmia\u2019s project. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 34(8):1013\u20131027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2011.03150.x","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2692_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eut345","volume":"15","author":"MG Bongiorni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bongiorni MG, Proclemer A, Dobreanu D, Marinskis G, Pison L, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C et al (2013) Preferred tools and techniques for implantation of cardiac electronic devices in Europe: results of the European Heart Rhythm Association survey. Europace 15(11):1664\u20131668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/europace\/eut345","journal-title":"Europace"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"2692_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2001.00456.x","volume":"24","author":"H Calkins","year":"2001","unstructured":"Calkins H, Ramza BM, Brinker J, Atiga W, Donahue K, Nsah E et al (2001) Prospective randomized comparison of the safety and effectiveness of placement of endocardial pacemaker and defibrillator leads using the extrathoracic subclavian vein guided by contrast venography versus the cephalic approach. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 24(4 Pt 1):456\u2013464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2001.00456.x","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"2692_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2001.00469.x","volume":"24","author":"HF Tse","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tse HF, Lau CP, Leung SK (2001) A cephalic vein cutdown and venography technique to facilitate pacemaker and defibrillator lead implantation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 24(4 Pt 1):469\u2013473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2001.00469.x","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2692_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eus054","volume":"14","author":"RE Kirkfeldt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kirkfeldt RE, Johansen JB, Nohr EA, Moller M, Arnsbo P, Nielsen JC (2012) Pneumothorax in cardiac pacing: a population-based cohort study of 28,860 Danish patients. Europace 14(8):1132\u20131138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/europace\/eus054","journal-title":"Europace"},{"issue":"9","key":"2692_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.12901","volume":"39","author":"J Kotter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kotter J, Lolay G, Charnigo R, Leung S, McKibbin C, Sousa M et al (2016) Predictors, morbidity, and costs associated with pneumothorax during electronic cardiac device implantation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 39(9):985\u2013991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pace.12901","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2692_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euy165","volume":"21","author":"AP Benz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Benz AP, Vamos M, Erath JW, Hohnloser SH (2019) Cephalic vs. subclavian lead implantation in cardiac implantable electronic devices: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Europace. 21(1):121\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/europace\/euy165","journal-title":"Europace."},{"issue":"7","key":"2692_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaa367","volume":"23","author":"H Burri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Burri H, Starck C, Auricchio A, Biffi M, Burri M, D\u2019Avila A et al (2021) EHRA expert consensus statement and practical guide on optimal implantation technique for conventional pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and the Latin-American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS). Europace 23(7):983\u20131008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/europace\/euaa367","journal-title":"Europace"},{"issue":"7","key":"2692_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9149(97)00542-0","volume":"80","author":"BM Ramza","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ramza BM, Rosenthal L, Hui R, Nsah E, Savader S, Lawrence JH et al (1997) Safety and effectiveness of placement of pacemaker and defibrillator leads in the axillary vein guided by contrast venography. Am J Cardiol 80(7):892\u2013896. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0002-9149(97)00542-0","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2692_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.14060","volume":"30","author":"J Jimenez-Diaz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jimenez-Diaz J, Higuera-Sobrino F, Piqueras-Flores J, Perez-Diaz P, Gonzalez-Marin MA (2019) Fluoroscopy-guided axillary vein access vs cephalic vein access in pacemaker and defibrillator implantation: randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 30(9):1588\u20131593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jce.14060","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2692_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euw363","volume":"19","author":"F Squara","year":"2017","unstructured":"Squara F, Tomi J, Scarlatti D, Theodore G, Moceri P, Ferrari E (2017) Self-taught axillary vein access without venography for pacemaker implantation: prospective randomized comparison with the cephalic vein access. Europace 19(12):2001\u20132006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/europace\/euw363","journal-title":"Europace"},{"issue":"2","key":"2692_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.14846","volume":"32","author":"JK Chandler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chandler JK, Apte N, Ranka S, Mohammed M, Noheria A, Emert M et al (2021) Ultrasound guided axillary vein access: an alternative approach to venous access for cardiac device implantation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 32(2):458\u2013465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jce.14846","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2692_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2020.01.006","volume":"6","author":"V Atti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Atti V, Turagam MK, Garg J, Koerber S, Angirekula A, Gopinathannair R et al (2020) Subclavian and axillary vein access versus cephalic vein cutdown for cardiac implantable electronic device implantation: a meta-analysis. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 6(6):661\u2013671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacep.2020.01.006","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"46","key":"2692_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4847","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad629","volume":"44","author":"P Charles","year":"2023","unstructured":"Charles P, Ditac G, Montoy M, Thenard T, Courand PY, Lantelme P et al (2023) Intra-pocket ultrasound-guided axillary vein puncture vs. cephalic vein cutdown for cardiac electronic device implantation: the ACCESS trial. Eur Heart J. 44(46):4847\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad629","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"issue":"11","key":"2692_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14111084","volume":"14","author":"G Leventopoulos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Leventopoulos G, Travlos CK, Theofilatos A, Spyropoulou P, Papageorgiou A, Perperis A et al (2024) Ultrasound-guided axillary access using a micropuncture needle versus conventional cephalic venous access for implantation of cardiac devices: a single-center randomized trial. J Pers Med. 14(11):1084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm14111084","journal-title":"J Pers Med."},{"key":"2692_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.11.020","author":"F Vitali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vitali F, Malagu M, Bianchi N, De Raffele M, Manfrini M, Gibiino F et al (2024) Ultrasound-guided venous axillary access versus standard fluoroscopic technique for cardiac lead implantation: ZEROFLUOROAXI randomized trial. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.11.020","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2692_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.13940","volume":"43","author":"F Migliore","year":"2020","unstructured":"Migliore F, Fais L, Vio R, De Lazzari M, Zorzi A, Bertaglia E et al (2020) Axillary vein access for permanent pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation: fluoroscopy compared to ultrasound. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 43(6):566\u2013572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pace.13940","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2692_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5410","DOI":"10.19102\/icrm.2023.14045","volume":"14","author":"S Maffe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maffe S, Paffoni P, Di Nardo F, Bergamasco L, Prenna E, Facchini E et al (2023) Ultrasound-guided axillary vein puncture for cardiac device implantation: a safe and effective approach. J Innov Card Rhythm Manag 14(4):5410\u20135419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19102\/icrm.2023.14045","journal-title":"J Innov Card Rhythm Manag"},{"issue":"12","key":"2692_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.14611","volume":"45","author":"AM Courtney","year":"2022","unstructured":"Courtney AM, Chandler JK, Anderson J, Shrestha A, Noheria A, Pimentel R et al (2022) UltraSound Axillary Vein Access (USAA): learning curve and randomized comparison to traditional venous access for cardiac device implantation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 45(12):1364\u20131371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pace.14611","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2692_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.04.030","volume":"17","author":"AP Tagliari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tagliari AP, Kochi AN, Mastella B, Saadi RP, di Leoni FA, Saadi EK et al (2020) Axillary vein puncture guided by ultrasound vs cephalic vein dissection in pacemaker and defibrillator implant: a multicenter randomized clinical trial. Heart Rhythm 17(9):1554\u20131560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2020.04.030","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"35","key":"2692_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3427","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab364","volume":"42","author":"M Glikson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Glikson M, Nielsen JC, Kronborg MB, Michowitz Y, Auricchio A, Barbash IM et al (2021) 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J 42(35):3427\u20133520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab364","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2692_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.15420\/aer.2020.17","volume":"9","author":"AP Tagliari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tagliari AP, Kochi AN, Mastella B, Saadi RP, di Leoni FA, Dussin LH et al (2020) Ultrasound-guided axillary vein puncture in cardiac lead implantation: time to move to a new standard access? Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev 9(2):78\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15420\/aer.2020.17","journal-title":"Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2692_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.15107","volume":"48","author":"F Perna","year":"2025","unstructured":"Perna F, Flore F, Telesca A, Ruscio E, Scacciavillani R, Bencardino G et al (2025) Ultrasound-guided axillary vein puncture versus landmark-guided approach for cardiac implantable electronic device placement. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 48(1):9\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pace.15107","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2692_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17709","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35994-0","volume":"8","author":"J Vogler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vogler J, Geisler A, Gosau N, Hakmi S, Willems S, Rassaf T et al (2018) Triple lead cephalic versus subclavian vein approach in cardiac resynchronization therapy device implantation. Sci Rep 8(1):17709. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-35994-0","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"20","key":"2692_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3274","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13203274","volume":"13","author":"B Sassone","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sassone B, Bertagnin E, Virzi S, Simeti G, Tolomeo P (2023) Feasibility of ultrasound-guided axillary vein puncture under valsalva maneuver for diagnostic and cardiovascular interventional purposes: pacemaker and cardioverter-defibrillator implantation. Diagnostics (Basel). 13(20):3274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics13203274","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)."},{"issue":"12","key":"2692_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2017.07.024","volume":"14","author":"GO Ogunbayo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ogunbayo GO, Charnigo R, Darrat Y, Morales G, Kotter J, Olorunfemi O et al (2017) Incidence, predictors, and outcomes associated with pneumothorax during cardiac electronic device implantation: a 16-year review in over 3.7 million patients. Heart Rhythm. 14(12):1764\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2017.07.024","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm."},{"key":"2692_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae274","author":"F Vitali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vitali F, Zuin M, Charles P, Jimenez-Diaz J, Sheldon SH, Tagliari AP et al (2024) Ultrasound-guided vs. fluoro-guided axillary venous access for cardiac implantable electronic devices: a patient-based meta-analysis. Europace. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/europace\/euae274","journal-title":"Europace."},{"issue":"2","key":"2692_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-018-0313-7","volume":"51","author":"M Liccardo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liccardo M, Nocerino P, Gaia S, Ciardiello C (2018) Efficacy of ultrasound-guided axillary\/subclavian venous approaches for pacemaker and defibrillator lead implantation: a randomized study. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 51(2):153\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10840-018-0313-7","journal-title":"J Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2692_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.05.079","volume":"112","author":"Z Perles","year":"2013","unstructured":"Perles Z, Nir A, Gavri S, Golender J, Tashma A, Ergaz Z et al (2013) Prevalence of persistent superior vena cava and association with congenital heart anomalies. Am J Cardiol 112(8):1214\u20131218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.05.079","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2692_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euw147","volume":"19","author":"NY Chan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chan NY, Kwong NP, Cheong AP (2017) Venous access and long-term pacemaker lead failure: comparing contrast-guided axillary vein puncture with subclavian puncture and cephalic cutdown. Europace 19(7):1193\u20131197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/europace\/euw147","journal-title":"Europace"},{"issue":"1","key":"2692_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipej.2019.12.008","volume":"20","author":"M ElJamili","year":"2020","unstructured":"ElJamili M, Bun SS, Latcu DG, Delassi T, Elhattaoui M, Saoudi N (2020) Ultrasound-guided axillary vein puncture for cardiac devices implantation in patients under antithrombotic therapy. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J 20(1):21\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ipej.2019.12.008","journal-title":"Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J"}],"container-title":["Clinical Research in Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00392-025-02692-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00392-025-02692-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00392-025-02692-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T09:20:42Z","timestamp":1774344042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00392-025-02692-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2692"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00392-025-02692-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1861-0684","1861-0692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1861-0684","type":"print"},{"value":"1861-0692","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Dr. Nikorowitsch has no disclosures to declare. Mr Uectas has no disclosures to declare. Mrs. Borof has no disclosures to declare. Dr. Metzner received consultant fees from Medtronic, Biosense Webster, Boston Scientific and lecture honoraria from Medtronic, Biosense Webster, Boston Scientific, Lifetech, Bayer, Bristol-Meyer-Squibb, Philips-EPD. Dr. Wenzel has no disclosures to declare. Dr. Winkelmann has no disclosures to declare. Dr. Pecha has no disclosures to declare. Dr. Yildirim has no disclosures to declare. Dr. Kirchhof receives research support for basic, translational, and clinical research projects from European Union, British Heart Foundation, Leducq Foundation, Medical Research Council (UK), and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, from several drug and device companies active in atrial fibrillation an device therapy and has received honoraria from several such companies in the past, but not in the last 5\u00a0years (unrelated to the submitted work). Dr. Kirchhof is listed as inventor on two patents held by University of Birmingham (Atrial Fibrillation Therapy WO 2015140571, Markers for Atrial Fibrillation WO 2016012783). Dr. T\u00f6nnis received speaker fees from Medtronic and is consultant for Boston Scientific and Medtronic. Dr. Reichenspurner has no disclosures to declare. Dr. Becher received an educational grant from Biotronik and speaker fees from Medtronic and Abbott, all outside this submitted work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}