{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T07:17:33Z","timestamp":1783495053375,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010353","name":"Hellenic Atherosclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010353","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005187","name":"University of Athens","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005187","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Res Cardiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oxidative modification of apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB) containing particles and subsequent immune responses contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Circulating IgG and IgM apoB-containing immune complexes (apoB-IC) and autoantibodies to a malondialdehyde mimotope (anti-MDA-mimotope) serve as biomarkers of oxidative stress and immune activation in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is associated with increased oxidative burden and immune activation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the effect of lipid-lowering medications on IgG and IgM apoB-IC and IgG and IgM autoantibodies to an MDA-mimotope in individuals with elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] concentrations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this prospective study, patients (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200970) with Lp(a) levels\u2009\u2265\u200975\u00a0nmol\/L were assigned to 3 treatment regimens according to current guidelines: high-intensity statin monotherapy (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200928), ezetimibe added to high-intensity statin (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200931) and proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type 9 inhibitor (PCSK9i) added to high-intensity statin plus ezetimibe (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200911). IgG and IgM apoB-IC and IgG and IgM anti-MDA-mimotope were measured at baseline and 3\u00a0months after treatment initiation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients had a mean age of 51\u2009\u00b1\u200915\u00a0years and 40% were male. Significant reductions in IgG apoB-IC levels were observed following treatment with high-intensity statins, add-on ezetimibe and add-on PCSK9i (by 18.3%, 17.5% and 25.5%, respectively, all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). No significant changes in IgM apoB-IC, or IgG and IgM anti-MDA-mimotope levels were observed in any treatment group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In individuals with Lp(a) levels\u2009\u2265\u200975\u00a0nmol\/L, high-intensity statins, add-on ezetimibe and add-on PCSK9i reduced IgG apoB-IC but did not affect IgM apoB-IC, or IgG and IgM anti-MDA-mimotope levels. The clinical significance of these findings warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-026-02896-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T07:46:19Z","timestamp":1774251979000},"page":"1400-1409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modulation of oxidation-related immune markers by lipid-lowering medications in individuals with elevated lipoprotein(a)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Amalia Despoina","family":"Koutsogianni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fotios","family":"Barkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constantinos","family":"Tellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Tselepis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Liamis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sotirios","family":"Tsimikas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7162-3323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelos","family":"Liberopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2896_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ajoolabady A, Pratico D, Lin L, Mantzoros CS, Bahijri S, Tuomilehto J, et al. 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Fotios Barkas has received honoraria and personal fees from Amgen, Novartis, Novo Nordisk and Viatris, outside the submitted work. George Liamis has received honoraria, grants and nonfinancial support from Angelini, Bayer, Menarini, and Sanofi, outside the submitted work. Evangelos Liberopoulos reports personal fees and non-financial support from Amgen, personal fees from Servier, personal fees from Boehringer-Ingelheim, personal fees and non-financial support from AstraZeneca, personal fees from MSD, personal fees from Lilly, personal fees and non-financial support from Bayer, personal fees from Novartis, personal fees from Chiesi, outside the submitted work. Constantinos Tellis and Alexandros Tselepis report no conflicts of interest associated with the present work. Sotirios Tsimikas is a coinventor and receives royalties from patents owned by UCSD; is a cofounder and has an equity interest in Oxitope and its affiliates Kleanthi Diagnostics and Covicept Therapeutics; and has a dual appointment at UCSD, and Ionis Pharmaceuticals.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}