{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T10:49:41Z","timestamp":1782730181160,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HE6317\/2-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HE6317\/2-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RTG 2989"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTG 2989"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RA969\/12-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA969\/12-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010578","name":"German Cardiac Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DGK02\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGK02\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010578","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017590","name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Essen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017590","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Res Cardiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neutrophils are key in acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases (CVD) by mediating inflammation during myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by neutrophil NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) have been linked to CVD pathology by inducing tissue injury via oxidative stress. There is, however, only limited data investigating the impact of neutrophil-derived ROS on clinical outcome in patients with CVD. This study measured neutrophil oxidative burst capacity (NOBC) in patients with CVD and evaluated its association with major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a population of 201 (median age 69\u00a0years (interquartile range (IQR)\u2009=\u200961\u201380\u00a0years); 33.4% female) out of 1128 patients from the prospective all-comer Essen Coronary Artery Registry II (ECAD II registry), NOBC was measured using a Seahorse XF analyzer with phorbol-12-myristat-13-acetat (PMA) stimulation. Based on NOBC values, the study collective was divided by median split. The primary endpoint was MACE, comprising of acute myocardial infarction, acute ischemic stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure, with a median follow-up time of 287\u00a0days (IQR\u2009=\u2009225\u2013349\u00a0days). A secondary endpoint occurrence of infection was assessed with a median follow-up time of 273\u00a0days (IQR\u2009=\u2009214\u2013332\u00a0days).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with low NOBC showed 20% lower values (98.8\u00a0nmol (IQR\u2009=\u200992.9\u2013104.2\u00a0nmol; high NOBC) vs. 79.4\u00a0nmol (IQR\u2009=\u200971.8\u201384.9\u00a0nmol; low NOBC);\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090,001). In this group, we observed a significantly higher portion of females (26.7% (high NOBC) vs. 41.0% (low NOBC);\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03). Despite lower CCL2 and hemoglobin levels in patients with low NOBC, further inflammatory markers were unaltered. Occurrence of MACE (hazard ratio (HR)\u2009=\u20092.78; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17\u20136.63;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02) and infection (HR\u2009=\u20093.67; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.16\u201311.62;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03) was significantly increased in patients with low NOBC. The latter remained significant, while the association between low NOBC and incidence of MACE lost its significance after adjustment for anemia and further confounders.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incidence of MACE and infection was increased in patients with low NOBC. Whether low NOBC is directly associated with patient outcome or acts in combination with other factors remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-026-02971-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T10:39:18Z","timestamp":1782729558000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of neutrophil oxidative burst capacity in relation to major adverse cardiac events and infection in patients with cardiovascular disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Elias","family":"Haj-Yehia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip","family":"Schulte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Fehring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Korste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir A.","family":"Mahabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beda","family":"Jurgeleit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid M.","family":"Westendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike B.","family":"Hendgen-Cotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tienush","family":"Rassaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Totzeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2971_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-024-01270-7","volume":"56","author":"L-Z Shu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shu L-Z, Zhang X-L, Ding Y-D, Lin H (2024) From inflammation to bone formation: the intricate role of neutrophils in skeletal muscle injury and traumatic heterotopic ossification. Exp Mol Med 56:1523\u20131530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s12276-024-01270-7","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"2971_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12151981","author":"M Tsioumpekou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tsioumpekou M, Krijgsman D, Leusen JHW, Olofsen PA (2023) The role of cytokines in neutrophil development, tissue homing, function and plasticity in health and disease. Cells. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12151981","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2971_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1093\/jleuko\/qiae025","volume":"116","author":"PO Leblanc","year":"2024","unstructured":"Leblanc PO, Bourgoin SG, Poubelle PE, Tessier PA, Pelletier M (2024) Metabolic regulation of neutrophil functions in homeostasis and diseases. J Leukoc Biol 116:456\u2013468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jleuko\/qiae025","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"2971_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abq5384","volume":"8","author":"JN Frost","year":"2022","unstructured":"Frost JN, Wideman SK, Preston AE, Teh MR, Ai Z, Wang L, Cross A, White N, Yazicioglu Y, Bonadonna M et al (2022) Plasma iron controls neutrophil production and function. Sci Adv 8:eabq5384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abq5384","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"2971_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218312","author":"T Obama","year":"2020","unstructured":"Obama T, Itabe H (2020) Neutrophils as a novel target of modified low-density lipoproteins and an accelerator of cardiovascular diseases. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21218312","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2971_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13173","volume":"314","author":"E Naish","year":"2023","unstructured":"Naish E, Wood AJ, Stewart AP, Routledge M, Morris AC, Chilvers ER, Lodge KM (2023) The formation and function of the neutrophil phagosome. Immunol Rev 314:158\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imr.13173","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"2971_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00113","volume":"9","author":"C Rosales","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rosales C (2018) Neutrophil: a cell with many roles in inflammation or several cell types? Front Physiol 9:113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2018.00113","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2971_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2987","volume":"15","author":"N Branzk","year":"2014","unstructured":"Branzk N, Lubojemska A, Hardison SE, Wang Q, Gutierrez MG, Brown GD, Papayannopoulos V (2014) Neutrophils sense microbe size and selectively release neutrophil extracellular traps in response to large pathogens. Nat Immunol 15:1017\u20131025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ni.2987","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2971_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-019-0195-8","volume":"12","author":"HP Gideon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gideon HP, Phuah J, Junecko BA, Mattila JT (2019) Neutrophils express pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in granulomas from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected cynomolgus macaques. Mucosal Immunol 12:1370\u20131381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41385-019-0195-8","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"2971_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2023.23.e38","author":"S Shrestha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shrestha S, Hong C-W (2023) Extracellular mechanisms of neutrophils in immune cell crosstalk. Immune Netw. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4110\/in.2023.23.e38","journal-title":"Immune Netw"},{"key":"2971_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.4mir0220-574rr","volume":"108","author":"C Rosales","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rosales C (2020) Neutrophils at the crossroads of innate and adaptive immunity. J Leukoc Biol 108:377\u2013396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jlb.4mir0220-574rr","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"2971_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12447","volume":"273","author":"J El-Benna","year":"2016","unstructured":"El-Benna J, Hurtado-Nedelec M, Marzaioli V, Marie JC, Gougerot-Pocidalo MA, Dang PM (2016) Priming of the neutrophil respiratory burst: role in host defense and inflammation. Immunol Rev 273:180\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imr.12447","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"2971_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.945749","volume":"14","author":"MH Paclet","year":"2022","unstructured":"Paclet MH, Laurans S, Dupr\u00e9-Crochet S (2022) Regulation of neutrophil NADPH oxidase, NOX2: a crucial effector in neutrophil phenotype and function. Front Cell Dev Biol 14(10):945749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2022.945749","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2971_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14101307","volume":"14","author":"D Azzouz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Azzouz D, Palaniyar N (2024) How do ROS induce NETosis? Oxidative DNA damage, DNA repair, and chromatin decondensation. Biomolecules 14:1307","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"2971_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9424-3_31","volume":"2019","author":"B Rada","year":"1982","unstructured":"Rada B (1982) Neutrophil extracellular traps. Methods Mol Biol 2019:517\u2013528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-9424-3_31","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"2971_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-060815-014442","volume":"85","author":"CC Winterbourn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Winterbourn CC, Kettle AJ, Hampton MB (2016) Reactive oxygen species and neutrophil function. Annu Rev Biochem 85:765\u2013792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-biochem-060815-014442","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"issue":"7","key":"2971_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00207","volume":"12","author":"T Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang T, Jiang J, Liu J, Xu L, Duan S, Sun L, Zhao W, Qian F (2020) MK2 is required for neutrophil-derived ROS production and inflammatory bowel disease. Front Med 12(7):207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2020.00207","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"2971_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359600","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1359600","volume":"15","author":"RR Manoharan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Manoharan RR, Prasad A, Pospisil P, Kzhyshkowska J (2024) ROS signaling in innate immunity via oxidative protein modifications. Front Immunol 15:1359600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1359600","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2971_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvy130","volume":"114","author":"M-A Mawhin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mawhin M-A, Tilly P, Zirka G, Charles A-L, Slimani F, Vonesch J-L, Michel J-B, B\u00e4ck M, Norel X, Fabre J-E (2018) Neutrophils recruited by leukotriene B4 induce features of plaque destabilization during endotoxaemia. Cardiovasc Res 114:1656\u20131666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvy130","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2971_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1177\/17534259231189195","volume":"29","author":"X Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang X, Kang Z, Yin D, Gao J (2023) Role of neutrophils in different stages of atherosclerosis. Innate Immun 29:97\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17534259231189195","journal-title":"Innate Immun"},{"issue":"6","key":"2971_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2019.00025","volume":"18","author":"SL Puhl","year":"2019","unstructured":"Puhl SL, Steffens S (2019) Neutrophils in post-myocardial infarction inflammation: damage vs. resolution? Front Cardiovasc Med 18(6):25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2019.00025","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"2971_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12950-023-00344-z","volume":"20","author":"Y Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu Y, Wei S, Wu X, Li Y, Han X (2023) Neutrophil extracellular traps in acute coronary syndrome. J Inflamm 20:17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12950-023-00344-z","journal-title":"J Inflamm"},{"key":"2971_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-1536-6-11","volume":"6","author":"Y Ma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ma Y, Yabluchanskiy A, Lindsey ML (2013) Neutrophil roles in left ventricular remodeling following myocardial infarction. Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair 6:11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1755-1536-6-11","journal-title":"Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair"},{"key":"2971_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2014.28","volume":"11","author":"NG Frangogiannis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Frangogiannis NG (2014) The inflammatory response in myocardial injury, repair, and remodelling. Nat Rev Cardiol 11:255\u2013265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrcardio.2014.28","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"2971_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcha.2023.101269","volume":"48","author":"E Haj-Yehia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Haj-Yehia E, Korste S, Jochem R, Lusha A, Roth A, Dietzel N, Niroomand J, Stock P, Westendorf AM, Buer J et al (2023) CD47 blockade enhances phagocytosis of cardiac cell debris by neutrophils. IJC Heart Vasc 48:101269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcha.2023.101269","journal-title":"IJC Heart Vasc"},{"key":"2971_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw002","volume":"38","author":"M Horckmans","year":"2017","unstructured":"Horckmans M, Ring L, Duchene J, Santovito D, Schloss MJ, Drechsler M, Weber C, Soehnlein O, Steffens S (2017) Neutrophils orchestrate post-myocardial infarction healing by polarizing macrophages towards a reparative phenotype. Eur Heart J 38:187\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw002","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2971_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2024.02.005","volume":"189","author":"S Antipenko","year":"2024","unstructured":"Antipenko S, Mayfield N, Jinno M, Gunzer M, Ismahil MA, Hamid T, Prabhu SD, Rokosh G (2024) Neutrophils are indispensable for adverse cardiac remodeling in heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 189:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2024.02.005","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"2971_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10112922","author":"S Prausm\u00fcller","year":"2021","unstructured":"Prausm\u00fcller S, Spinka G, Arfsten H, Stasek S, Rettl R, Bartko PE, Goliasch G, Strunk G, Riebandt J, Mascherbauer J et al (2021) Relevance of neutrophil neprilysin in heart failure. Cells. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells10112922","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2971_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0910538","volume":"89","author":"GB Segel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Segel GB, Halterman MW, Lichtman MA (2011) The paradox of the neutrophil\u2019s role in tissue injury. J Leukoc Biol 89:359\u2013372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1189\/jlb.0910538","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"2971_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2015.45","volume":"35","author":"GC Jickling","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jickling GC, Liu D, Ander BP, Stamova B, Zhan X, Sharp FR (2015) Targeting neutrophils in ischemic stroke: translational insights from experimental studies. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 35:888\u2013901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jcbfm.2015.45","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"2971_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x211000137","volume":"41","author":"C Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen C, Huang T, Zhai X, Ma Y, Xie L, Lu B, Zhang Y, Li Y, Chen Z, Yin J et al (2021) Targeting neutrophils as a novel therapeutic strategy after stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 41:2150\u20132161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0271678x211000137","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"2971_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3498","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.113.002470","volume":"44","author":"MI Cuartero","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cuartero MI, Ballesteros I, Moraga A, Nombela F, Vivancos J, Hamilton JA, Corb\u00ed \u00c1L, Lizasoain I, Moro MA (2013) N2 neutrophils, novel players in brain inflammation after stroke: modulation by the PPAR\u03b3 agonist rosiglitazone. Stroke 44:3498\u20133508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/strokeaha.113.002470","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2971_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159x20666220706115957","volume":"21","author":"M Xie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xie M, Hao Y, Feng L, Wang T, Yao M, Li H, Ma D, Feng J (2023) Neutrophil heterogeneity and its roles in the inflammatory network after ischemic stroke. Curr Neuropharmacol 21:621\u2013650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1570159x20666220706115957","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"2971_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9152732","volume":"2016","author":"N Panth","year":"2016","unstructured":"Panth N, Paudel KR, Parajuli K (2016) Reactive oxygen species: a key hallmark of cardiovascular disease. Adv Med Sci 2016:9152732. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/9152732","journal-title":"Adv Med Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"2971_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1526170","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1526170","volume":"19","author":"Y Lian","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lian Y, Lai X, Wu C, Wang L, Shang J, Zhang H, Jia S, Xing W, Liu H (2025) The roles of neutrophils in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Medic 19(12):1526170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1526170","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Medic"},{"key":"2971_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H2549","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.281.6.H2549","volume":"281","author":"TO Nossuli","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nossuli TO, Frangogiannis NG, Knuefermann P, Lakshminarayanan V, Dewald O, Evans AJ, Peschon J, Mann DL, Michael LH, Entman ML (2001) Brief murine myocardial I\/R induces chemokines in a TNF-alpha-independent manner: role of oxygen radicals. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 281:H2549-2558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.281.6.H2549","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"2971_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H2181","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00554.2011","volume":"301","author":"H Tsutsui","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tsutsui H, Kinugawa S, Matsushima S (2011) Oxidative stress and heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 301:H2181-2190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00554.2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2971_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10030602","volume":"10","author":"A Mongirdien\u0117","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mongirdien\u0117 A, Skrodenis L, Varoneckait\u0117 L, Mierkyt\u0117 G, Gerulis J (2022) Reactive oxygen species induced pathways in heart failure pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies. Biomedicines (Basel) 10(3):602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines10030602","journal-title":"Biomedicines (Basel)"},{"key":"2971_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvn335","volume":"81","author":"M Hori","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hori M, Nishida K (2008) Oxidative stress and left ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res 81:457\u2013464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvn335","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2971_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.193268","volume":"29","author":"CA Reichel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Reichel CA, Rehberg M, Lerchenberger M, Berberich N, Bihari P, Khandoga AG, Zahler S, Krombach F (2009) Ccl2 and Ccl3 mediate neutrophil recruitment via induction of protein synthesis and generation of lipid mediators. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 29:1787\u20131793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.193268","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2971_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02759","volume":"10","author":"M Gschwandtner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gschwandtner M, Derler R, Midwood KS (2019) More than just attractive: how CCL2 influences myeloid cell behavior beyond chemotaxis. Front Immunol 10:2759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02759","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2971_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.06.024","volume":"12","author":"E Chun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chun E, Lavoie S, Michaud M, Gallini CA, Kim J, Soucy G, Odze R, Glickman JN, Garrett WS (2015) CCL2 promotes colorectal carcinogenesis by enhancing polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell population and function. Cell Rep 12:244\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.06.024","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2971_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01587","volume":"10","author":"F Carbone","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carbone F, Bonaventura A, Montecucco F (2019) Neutrophil-related oxidants drive heart and brain remodeling after ischemia\/reperfusion injury. Front Physiol 10:1587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2019.01587","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2971_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945749","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.945749","volume":"10","author":"MH Paclet","year":"2022","unstructured":"Paclet MH, Laurans S, Dupre-Crochet S (2022) Regulation of neutrophil NADPH oxidase, NOX2: a crucial effector in neutrophil phenotype and function. Front Cell Dev Biol 10:945749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2022.945749","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2971_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5099","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07505-2","volume":"9","author":"CM Rice","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rice CM, Davies LC, Subleski JJ, Maio N, Gonzalez-Cotto M, Andrews C, Patel NL, Palmieri EM, Weiss JM, Lee J-M et al (2018) Tumour-elicited neutrophils engage mitochondrial metabolism to circumvent nutrient limitations and maintain immune suppression. Nat Commun 9:5099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-07505-2","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2971_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-022-00550-8","volume":"4","author":"EC Britt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Britt EC, Lika J, Giese MA, Schoen TJ, Seim GL, Huang Z, Lee PY, Huttenlocher A, Fan J (2022) Switching to the cyclic pentose phosphate pathway powers the oxidative burst in activated neutrophils. Nat Metab 4:389\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42255-022-00550-8","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"2971_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02092-0","volume":"8","author":"LC Davies","year":"2017","unstructured":"Davies LC, Rice CM, Palmieri EM, Taylor PR, Kuhns DB, McVicar DW (2017) Peritoneal tissue-resident macrophages are metabolically poised to engage microbes using tissue-niche fuels. Nat Commun 8:2074. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-017-02092-0","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2971_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2024-222215","volume":"80","author":"F Grudzinska","year":"2025","unstructured":"Grudzinska F, Faniyi AA, Belchamber KBR, Chen C, Stockley R, Jasper A, Parekh D, Sapey E, Scott A, Thickett DR (2025) Hospitalised older adults with community-acquired pneumonia and sepsis have dysregulated neutrophil function but preserved glycolysis. Thorax 80:97\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thorax-2024-222215","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2971_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-527-5_8","volume":"844","author":"Y Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen Y, Junger WG (2012) Measurement of oxidative burst in neutrophils. Methods Mol Biol 844:115\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-61779-527-5_8","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"2971_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0146105","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146105","volume":"10","author":"PJ Vernon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vernon PJ, Schaub LJ, Dallelucca JJ, Pusateri AE, Sheppard FR (2015) Rapid detection of neutrophil oxidative burst capacity is predictive of whole blood cytokine responses. PLoS ONE 10:e0146105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0146105","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2971_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.22150","volume":"106","author":"P Slanina","year":"2024","unstructured":"Slanina P, Stichova J, Bosakova V, Zambo IS, Kohoutkova MH, Laznickova P, Chovancova Z, Litzman J, Plucarova T, Fric J et al (2024) Phenotype and oxidative burst of low-density neutrophil subpopulations are altered in common variable immunodeficiency patients. Cytometry B Clin Cytom 106:99\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cyto.b.22150","journal-title":"Cytometry B Clin Cytom"},{"key":"2971_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1203\/01.pdr.0000127018.44938.89","volume":"55","author":"M Bjorkqvist","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bjorkqvist M, Jurstrand M, Bodin L, Fredlund H, Schollin J (2004) Defective neutrophil oxidative burst in preterm newborns on exposure to coagulase-negative staphylococci. Pediatr Res 55:966\u2013971. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1203\/01.pdr.0000127018.44938.89","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2971_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab309","volume":"42","author":"group Sw","year":"2021","unstructured":"group Sw, collaboration ESCCr (2021) SCORE2 risk prediction algorithms: new models to estimate 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in Europe. Eur Heart J 42:2439\u20132454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab309","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2971_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab312","volume":"42","author":"group SOw","year":"2021","unstructured":"group SOw, collaboration ESCCr (2021) SCORE2-OP risk prediction algorithms: estimating incident cardiovascular event risk in older persons in four geographical risk regions. Eur Heart J 42:2455\u20132467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab312","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2971_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3720","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad191","volume":"44","author":"RA Byrne","year":"2023","unstructured":"Byrne RA, Rossello X, Coughlan JJ, Barbato E, Berry C, Chieffo A, Claeys MJ, Dan GA, Dweck MR, Galbraith M et al (2023) 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 44:3720\u20133826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad191","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2971_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"I","DOI":"10.1177\/2396987321989865","volume":"6","author":"E Berge","year":"2021","unstructured":"Berge E, Whiteley W, Audebert H, De Marchis GM, Fonseca AC, Padiglioni C, de la Ossa NP, Strbian D, Tsivgoulis G, Turc G (2021) European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines on intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke. Eur Stroke J 6:I\u2013LXII. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2396987321989865","journal-title":"Eur Stroke J"},{"key":"2971_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3627","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad195","volume":"44","author":"TA McDonagh","year":"2023","unstructured":"McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Bohm M, Burri H, Butler J, Celutkiene J, Chioncel O et al (2023) 2023 Focused Update of the 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 44:3627\u20133639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad195","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2971_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601855","volume":"198","author":"J Blazkova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Blazkova J, Gupta S, Liu Y, Gaudilliere B, Ganio EA, Bolen CR, Saar-Dover R, Fragiadakis GK, Angst MS, Hasni S et al (2017) Multicenter systems analysis of human blood reveals immature neutrophils in males and during pregnancy. J Immunol 198:2479\u20132488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1601855","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2971_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16481","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2003603117","volume":"117","author":"S Gupta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gupta S, Nakabo S, Blanco LP, O\u2019Neil LJ, Wigerblad G, Goel RR, Mistry P, Jiang K, Carmona-Rivera C, Chan DW et al (2020) Sex differences in neutrophil biology modulate response to type I interferons and immunometabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci 117:16481\u201316491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2003603117","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"16","key":"2971_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1572927","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.02.03.636312","volume":"28","author":"J Lika","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lika J, Votava JA, Datta R, Mellado Fritz CA, Kralovec AM, Smith FM, Huttenlocher A, Skala MC, Fan J (2025) Mitochondrial metabolism is rapidly re-activated in mature neutrophils to support stimulation-induced response. Front Immunol 28(16):1572927. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.02.03.636312","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2971_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.022","volume":"69","author":"AD Shah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shah AD, Denaxas S, Nicholas O, Hingorani AD, Hemingway H (2017) Neutrophil counts and initial presentation of 12 cardiovascular diseases: a CALIBER cohort study. J Am Coll Cardiol 69:1160\u20131169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2971_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2005.01.013","volume":"41","author":"M Haumer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Haumer M, Amighi J, Exner M, Mlekusch W, Sabeti S, Schlager O, Schwarzinger I, Wagner O, Minar E, Schillinger M (2005) Association of neutrophils and future cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral artery disease. J Vasc Surg 41:610\u2013617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvs.2005.01.013","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"2971_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.01.014","volume":"75","author":"SP Murphy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Murphy SP, Kakkar R, McCarthy CP, Januzzi JL (2020) Inflammation in heart failure. JACC 75:1324\u20131340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.01.014","journal-title":"JACC"},{"key":"2971_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1007\/s00059-019-4785-8","volume":"44","author":"C Riehle","year":"2019","unstructured":"Riehle C, Bauersachs J (2019) Key inflammatory mechanisms underlying heart failure. Herz 44:96\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00059-019-4785-8","journal-title":"Herz"},{"key":"2971_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.04.023","volume":"6","author":"P Stenvinkel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stenvinkel P, Chertow GM, Devarajan P, Levin A, Andreoli SP, Bangalore S, Warady BA (2021) Chronic inflammation in chronic kidney disease progression: role of Nrf2. Kidney Int Rep 6:1775\u20131787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.04.023","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"2971_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10484","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13825-7","volume":"12","author":"T Veenith","year":"2022","unstructured":"Veenith T, Martin H, Le Breuilly M, Whitehouse T, Gao-Smith F, Duggal N, Lord JM, Mian R, Sarphie D, Moss P (2022) High generation of reactive oxygen species from neutrophils in patients with severe COVID-19. Sci Rep 12:10484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-13825-7","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2971_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-02049-y","volume":"9","author":"F Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang F, Xia Y, Su J, Quan F, Zhou H, Li Q, Feng Q, Lin C, Wang D, Jiang Z (2024) Neutrophil diversity and function in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 9:343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-024-02049-y","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"2971_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e68963","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068963","volume":"8","author":"Y Liao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liao Y, Liu P, Guo F, Zhang ZY, Zhang Z (2013) Oxidative burst of circulating neutrophils following traumatic brain injury in human. PLoS ONE 8:e68963. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0068963","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2971_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.62347\/TSPM9335","volume":"14","author":"S Dutt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dutt S, Rani P, Gupta R, Dewan P, Kotru M (2024) The functional connotations of iron deficiency-effect on neutrophil oxidative burst activity in preschool children. Am J Blood Res 14:22\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.62347\/TSPM9335","journal-title":"Am J Blood Res"},{"key":"2971_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1385\/BTER:96:1-3:109","volume":"96","author":"E Kurtoglu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kurtoglu E, Ugur A, Baltaci AK, Mogolkoc R, Undar L (2003) Activity of neutrophil NADPH oxidase in iron-deficient anemia. Biol Trace Elem Res 96:109\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1385\/BTER:96:1-3:109","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"2971_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.3.516","volume":"79","author":"N Ahluwalia","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ahluwalia N, Sun J, Krause D, Mastro A, Handte G (2004) Immune function is impaired in iron-deficient, homebound, older women. Am J Clin Nutr 79:516\u2013521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/79.3.516","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2971_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000162477.70955.5F","volume":"111","author":"MS Sabatine","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sabatine MS, Morrow DA, Giugliano RP, Burton PB, Murphy SA, McCabe CH, Gibson CM, Braunwald E (2005) Association of hemoglobin levels with clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 111:2042\u20132049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.CIR.0000162477.70955.5F","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2971_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e029689","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.029689","volume":"12","author":"T Gan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gan T, Hu J, Liu W, Li C, Xu Q, Wang Y, Lu S, Aledan AKO, Wang Y, Wang Z (2023) Causal association between anemia and cardiovascular disease: a 2-sample bidirectional mendelian randomization study. J Am Heart Assoc 12:e029689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.123.029689","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2971_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9394060","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9394060","volume":"2018","author":"A Dignass","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dignass A, Farrag K, Stein J (2018) Limitations of serum ferritin in diagnosing iron deficiency in inflammatory conditions. Int J Chronic Dis 2018:9394060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/9394060","journal-title":"Int J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"2971_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abq4469","volume":"8","author":"M Bonadonna","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bonadonna M, Altamura S, Tybl E, Palais G, Qatato M, Polycarpou-Schwarz M, Schneider M, Kalk C, Rudiger W, Ertl A et al (2022) Iron regulatory protein (IRP)-mediated iron homeostasis is critical for neutrophil development and differentiation in the bone marrow. Sci Adv 8:eabq4469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abq4469","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"2971_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24228","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.24228","volume":"47","author":"J Pan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pan J, Liu M, Huang J, Chen L, Xu Y (2024) Impact of anemia on clinical outcomes in patients with acute heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Cardiol 47:e24228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/clc.24228","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"2971_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.11.56","volume":"7","author":"X Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang X, Qiu M, Qi J, Li J, Wang H, Li Y, Han Y (2015) Impact of anemia on long-term ischemic events and bleeding events in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a system review and meta-analysis. J Thorac Dis 7:2041\u20132052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3978\/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.11.56","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"2971_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac569","volume":"44","author":"G Savarese","year":"2023","unstructured":"Savarese G, von Haehling S, Butler J, Cleland JGF, Ponikowski P, Anker SD (2023) Iron deficiency and cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J 44:14\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac569","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2971_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-020-0799-x","volume":"115","author":"P Wischmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wischmann P, Kuhn V, Suvorava T, Muessig JM, Fischer JW, Isakson BE, Haberkorn SM, Flogel U, Schrader J, Jung C et al (2020) Anaemia is associated with severe RBC dysfunction and a reduced circulating NO pool: vascular and cardiac eNOS are crucial for the adaptation to anaemia. Basic Res Cardiol 115:43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00395-020-0799-x","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"key":"2971_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.064747","volume":"150","author":"C Quast","year":"2024","unstructured":"Quast C, Bonner F, Polzin A, Veulemans V, Chennupati R, Gyamfi Poku I, Pfeiler S, Kramser N, Nankinova M, Staub N et al (2024) Aortic valve stenosis causes accumulation of extracellular hemoglobin and systemic endothelial dysfunction. Circulation 150:952\u2013965. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.064747","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2971_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0000000000000158","volume":"30","author":"NG Frangogiannis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Frangogiannis NG (2015) Inflammation in cardiac injury, repair and regeneration. Curr Opin Cardiol 30:240\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HCO.0000000000000158","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol"},{"key":"2971_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3546","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0914351107","volume":"107","author":"H Hattori","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hattori H, Subramanian KK, Sakai J, Jia Y, Li Y, Porter TF, Loison F, Sarraj B, Kasorn A, Jo H et al (2010) Small-molecule screen identifies reactive oxygen species as key regulators of neutrophil chemotaxis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:3546\u20133551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0914351107","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2971_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910519","author":"N Akhter","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akhter N, Wilson A, Thomas R, Al-Rashed F, Kochumon S, Al-Roub A, Arefanian H, Al-Madhoun A, Al-Mulla F, Ahmad R et al (2021) ROS\/TNF-\u03b1 crosstalk triggers the expression of IL-8 and MCP-1 in human monocytic THP-1 cells via the NF-\u03baB and ERK1\/2 mediated signaling. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms221910519","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2971_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-025-01380-w","volume":"23","author":"K Torfs","year":"2026","unstructured":"Torfs K, Vermeersch G, Gouwy M, Devos T, Proost P, Struyf S (2026) Neutrophils as critical orchestrators of chronic inflammation. Cell Mol Immunol 23:123\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41423-025-01380-w","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"2971_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770515","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.770515","volume":"12","author":"O Vymazal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vymazal O, Bendickova K, De Zuani M, Vlkova M, Hortova-Kohoutkova M, Fric J (2021) Immunosuppression affects neutrophil functions: does calcineurin-NFAT signaling matter? Front Immunol 12:770515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.770515","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2971_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7107","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901162106","volume":"106","author":"AA Navarini","year":"2009","unstructured":"Navarini AA, Lang KS, Verschoor A, Recher M, Zinkernagel AS, Nizet V, Odermatt B, Hengartner H, Zinkernagel RM (2009) Innate immune-induced depletion of bone marrow neutrophils aggravates systemic bacterial infections. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:7107\u20137112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0901162106","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2971_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2016.04.003","volume":"37","author":"CD Bourke","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bourke CD, Berkley JA, Prendergast AJ (2016) Immune dysfunction as a cause and consequence of malnutrition. Trends Immunol 37:386\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.it.2016.04.003","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"2971_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103401","volume":"78","author":"T Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen T, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Xu J, Zhu C, Sun R, Hu H, Liu Y, Dai L, Holmdahl R et al (2024) Neutrophils with low production of reactive oxygen species are activated during immune priming and promote development of arthritis. Redox Biol 78:103401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103401","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"2971_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200707-990OC","volume":"177","author":"HM Marriott","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marriott HM, Jackson LE, Wilkinson TS, Simpson AJ, Mitchell TJ, Buttle DJ, Cross SS, Ince PG, Hellewell PG, Whyte MK et al (2008) Reactive oxygen species regulate neutrophil recruitment and survival in pneumococcal pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 177:887\u2013895. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200707-990OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2971_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2016.07.003","volume":"98","author":"A Sirker","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sirker A, Murdoch CE, Protti A, Sawyer GJ, Santos CX, Martin D, Zhang X, Brewer AC, Zhang M, Shah AM (2016) Cell-specific effects of Nox2 on the acute and chronic response to myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 98:11\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2016.07.003","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"2971_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.02.572","volume":"63","author":"CE Murdoch","year":"2014","unstructured":"Murdoch CE, Chaubey S, Zeng L, Yu B, Ivetic A, Walker SJ, Vanhoutte D, Heymans S, Grieve DJ, Cave AC et al (2014) Endothelial NADPH oxidase-2 promotes interstitial cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction through proinflammatory effects and endothelial-mesenchymal transition. J Am Coll Cardiol 63:2734\u20132741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.02.572","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2971_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0302.103712","volume":"105","author":"JK Bendall","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bendall JK, Cave AC, Heymes C, Gall N, Shah AM (2002) Pivotal role of a gp91(phox)-containing NADPH oxidase in angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Circulation 105:293\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/hc0302.103712","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2971_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000164261.62586.14","volume":"111","author":"T Tojo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tojo T, Ushio-Fukai M, Yamaoka-Tojo M, Ikeda S, Patrushev N, Alexander RW (2005) Role of gp91phox (Nox2)-containing NAD(P)H oxidase in angiogenesis in response to hindlimb ischemia. Circulation 111:2347\u20132355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.CIR.0000164261.62586.14","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2971_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006824","volume":"130","author":"CT Sibley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sibley CT, Estwick T, Zavodni A, Huang C-Y, Kwan AC, Soule BP, Long Priel DA, Remaley AT, Rudman Spergel AK, Turkbey EB et al (2014) Assessment of atherosclerosis in chronic granulomatous disease. Circulation 130:2031\u20132039. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006824","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2971_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1590\/s0100-879x2006005000143","volume":"40","author":"TC Alba-Loureiro","year":"2007","unstructured":"Alba-Loureiro TC, Munhoz CD, Martins JO, Cerchiaro GA, Scavone C, Curi R, Sannomiya P (2007) Neutrophil function and metabolism in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Braz J Med Biol Res 40:1037\u20131044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s0100-879x2006005000143","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"2971_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1007\/s13577-023-00905-7","volume":"36","author":"PY Thimmappa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thimmappa PY, Vasishta S, Ganesh K, Nair AS, Joshi MB (2023) Neutrophil (dys)function due to altered immuno-metabolic axis in type 2 diabetes: implications in combating infections. Hum Cell 36:1265\u20131282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13577-023-00905-7","journal-title":"Hum Cell"},{"key":"2971_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022658","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1022658","volume":"9","author":"Q Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun Q, Jiang S, Wang X, Zhang J, Li Y, Tian J, Li H (2022) A prediction model for major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with heart failure based on high-throughput echocardiographic data. Front Cardiovasc Med 9:1022658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1022658","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"2971_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd10090395","author":"R Megna","year":"2023","unstructured":"Megna R, Petretta M, Nappi C, Assante R, Zampella E, Gaudieri V, Mannarino T, D\u2019Antonio A, Green R, Cantoni V et al (2023) Age-specific cardiovascular risk factors for major adverse cardiac events in patients undergoing myocardial perfusion imaging. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcdd10090395","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Dev Dis"},{"key":"2971_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jet132","volume":"15","author":"R Nakazato","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nakazato R, Arsanjani R, Achenbach S, Gransar H, Cheng VY, Dunning A, Lin FY, Al-Mallah M, Budoff MJ, Callister TQ et al (2014) Age-related risk of major adverse cardiac event risk and coronary artery disease extent and severity by coronary CT angiography: results from 15 187 patients from the International Multisite CONFIRM Study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 15:586\u2013594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjci\/jet132","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2971_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309530","volume":"103","author":"AR Chapman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chapman AR, Adamson PD, Mills NL (2017) Assessment and classification of patients with myocardial injury and infarction in clinical practice. Heart 103:10\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309530","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2971_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2010.09.008","volume":"17","author":"BH Segal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Segal BH, Veys P, Malech H, Cowan MJ (2011) Chronic granulomatous disease: lessons from a rare disorder. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 17:S123-131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbmt.2010.09.008","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"2971_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.DMIH2-0026-2016","author":"LK Dropulic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dropulic LK, Lederman HM (2016) Overview of infections in the immunocompromised host. Microbiol Spectr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.DMIH2-0026-2016","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"2971_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-018-1116-0","volume":"55","author":"R Puckrin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Puckrin R, Saltiel MP, Reynier P, Azoulay L, Yu OHY, Filion KB (2018) SGLT-2 inhibitors and the risk of infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Acta Diabetol 55:503\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00592-018-1116-0","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"2971_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48101\/ujms.v129.10504","author":"L Bjorkhem-Bergman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bjorkhem-Bergman L, Schultz T, Strang P (2024) Age and co-morbidities as independent risk factors of infections leading to hospital admission in the last year of life among the elderly: a retrospective registry-based study. Ups J Med Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48101\/ujms.v129.10504","journal-title":"Ups J Med Sci"},{"key":"2971_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559595","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.559595","volume":"9","author":"J Chavez-Reyes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chavez-Reyes J, Escarcega-Gonzalez CE, Chavira-Suarez E, Leon-Buitimea A, Vazquez-Leon P, Morones-Ramirez JR, Villalon CM, Quintanar-Stephano A, Marichal-Cancino BA (2021) Susceptibility for some infectious diseases in patients with diabetes: the key role of glycemia. Front Public Health 9:559595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2021.559595","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2971_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-022-1836-2","volume":"26","author":"P Lanz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lanz P, Wieczorek M, Sadlon A, de Godoi Rezen Costa Molino C, Abderhalden LA, Schaer DJ, Spahn DR, Freystatter G, Orav EJ, Egli A et al (2022) Iron deficiency and incident infections among community-dwelling adults age 70 years and older: results from the DO-HEALTH study. J Nutr Health Aging 26:864\u2013871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12603-022-1836-2","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"2971_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.21515","volume":"94","author":"O Mizrahi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mizrahi O, Ish Shalom E, Baniyash M, Klieger Y (2018) Quantitative flow cytometry: concerns and recommendations in clinic and research. Cytometry B Clin Cytom 94:211\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cyto.b.21515","journal-title":"Cytometry B Clin Cytom"},{"key":"2971_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-016-0436-7","volume":"17","author":"IT Tsai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tsai IT, Wang CP, Lu YC, Hung WC, Wu CC, Lu LF, Chung FM, Hsu CC, Lee YJ, Yu TH (2017) The burden of major adverse cardiac events in patients with coronary artery disease. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 17:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-016-0436-7","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"2971_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708770","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.708770","volume":"12","author":"AC Mihaila","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mihaila AC, Ciortan L, Macarie RD, Vadana M, Cecoltan S, Preda MB, Hudita A, Gan AM, Jakobsson G, Tucureanu MM et al (2021) Transcriptional profiling and functional analysis of N1\/N2 neutrophils reveal an immunomodulatory effect of S100A9-blockade on the pro-inflammatory N1 subpopulation. Front Immunol 12:708770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.708770","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"333\u2013348","key":"2971_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.01.003","volume":"57","author":"N Gour","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gour N, Yong HM, Magesh A, Atakkatan A, Andrade F, Lajoie S, Dong X (2024) A GPCR-neuropeptide axis dampens hyperactive neutrophils by promoting an alternative-like polarization during bacterial infection. Immunity 57(333\u2013348):e336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.01.003","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2971_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.202402623","author":"E Doz-Deblauwe","year":"2024","unstructured":"Doz-Deblauwe E, Bounab B, Carreras F, Fahel JS, Oliveira SC, Lamkanfi M, Le Vern Y, Germon P, Pichon J, Kempf F et al (2024) Dual neutrophil subsets exacerbate or suppress inflammation in tuberculosis via IL-1\u03b2 or PD-L1. Life Sci Alliance. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26508\/lsa.202402623","journal-title":"Life Sci Alliance"},{"key":"2971_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abd9436","author":"A Thanabalasuriar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thanabalasuriar A, Chiang AJ, Morehouse C, Camara M, Hawkins S, Keller AE, Koksal AC, Caceres CS, Berlin AA, Holoweckyj N et al (2021) PD-L1(+) neutrophils contribute to injury-induced infection susceptibility. Sci Adv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abd9436","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"2971_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34722-7","volume":"13","author":"Y Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu Y, Wang RR, Miao NJ, Tang JJ, Zhang YW, Lu XR, Yan PY, Wang J, Jia XM (2022) PD-L1 negatively regulates antifungal immunity by inhibiting neutrophil release from bone marrow. Nat Commun 13:6857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-34722-7","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2971_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12951","volume":"48","author":"SA Belambri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Belambri SA, Rolas L, Raad H, Hurtado-Nedelec M, Dang PM, El-Benna J (2018) NADPH oxidase activation in neutrophils: role of the phosphorylation of its subunits. Eur J Clin Invest 48(Suppl 2):e12951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eci.12951","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2971_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-021-00491-3","volume":"7","author":"D Azzouz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Azzouz D, Khan MA, Palaniyar N (2021) ROS induces NETosis by oxidizing DNA and initiating DNA repair. Cell Death Discov 7:113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41420-021-00491-3","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"2971_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11182889","author":"HL Damascena","year":"2022","unstructured":"Damascena HL, Silveira WAA, Castro MS, Fontes W (2022) Neutrophil activated by the famous and potent PMA (phorbol myristate acetate). Cells. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11182889","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2971_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2024.12.001","volume":"81","author":"H Manoj","year":"2025","unstructured":"Manoj H, Gomes SM, Thimmappa PY, Nagareddy PR, Jamora C, Joshi MB (2025) Cytokine signalling in formation of neutrophil extracellular traps: implications for health and diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 81:27\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2024.12.001","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"}],"container-title":["Clinical Research in Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00392-026-02971-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00392-026-02971-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00392-026-02971-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T10:39:21Z","timestamp":1782729561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00392-026-02971-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"references-count":117,"alternative-id":["2971"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00392-026-02971-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1861-0684","1861-0692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1861-0684","type":"print"},{"value":"1861-0692","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional ethics committees of the participating centers and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"E.H.-Y. reports personal fees and others from AstraZeneca, which are outside the submitted work. M.T. and T.R. report personal fees and others from Edwards and Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Bayer, Daiichi Sankyo, and AstraZeneca, which are outside the submitted work. T.R. and U.B.H.-C. cofounded Bimyo, a company focusing on the development of cardioprotective peptides. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}