{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T14:14:41Z","timestamp":1788444881177,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002429","name":"Amgen Inc","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002429","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Res Cardiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Real-world evidence on lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) use and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) control in patients at high cardiovascular (CV) risk without prior myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke remains limited. We evaluated LLT use, treatment intensification, LDL-C monitoring, and LDL-C goal attainment across North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VESALIUS-REAL is a retrospective observational study using a common protocol across 11 databases between 2017 and 2022. Eligible patients (aged\u2009\u2265\u200950 years) had coronary artery disease, atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease, peripheral artery disease, or high-risk diabetes, together with elevated lipids, and additional CV risk factors, but no history of MI or stroke or end-stage renal disease. The earliest date when all criteria were met was defined as the index date. LLT patterns and local guideline-recommended LDL-C goal achievement were summarised.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 1,126,756 patients (51% female), 60% were not on LLT at index. Among patients with 1-year follow-up (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009830,516), 27% of untreated patients initiated LLT, and 9% of treated patients intensified therapy. Overall, 52% underwent LDL-C testing within 1 year. Among patients with LDL-C measurements during follow-up, 21% achieved their local guideline-recommended LDL-C goal with consistently low attainment in both sexes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most patients at high CV risk were not optimally managed, with low rates of LLT initiation, treatment intensification, LDL-C monitoring, and LDL-C goal attainment across 11 databases. These findings highlight a substantial unmet clinical need for improved guideline-based lipid management to prevent first major CV events in high-risk populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-026-03014-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T13:30:27Z","timestamp":1788442227000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gaps in lipid management among high-risk patients without prior MI or stroke: the VESALIUS-REAL global study"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9278-230X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Queenie","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaimini","family":"Cegla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Laufs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan H.","family":"Cornel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetano M.","family":"De Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emil","family":"Hagstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huei-Kai","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Lopez-Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suna","family":"Avcil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinne","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Cars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrienne Y. 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Curr Atheroscler Rep 27(1):29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11883-025-01275-1","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"}],"container-title":["Clinical Research in Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00392-026-03014-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00392-026-03014-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00392-026-03014-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T13:30:29Z","timestamp":1788442229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00392-026-03014-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["3014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00392-026-03014-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1861-0684","1861-0692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1861-0684","type":"print"},{"value":"1861-0692","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"QC, MD, DN, AO, JO\u2019K, and MS are employees of Amgen Ltd and hold stock in Amgen Inc. SA, CB, GPdSL, SS, and ND are employees of and hold stock in Amgen Inc.MJB received research funding\/grants from Amgen Inc., AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Heartflow, GE Healthcare, the National Institutes of Health, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, and the US Department of Defense and received personal fees from AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Esperion, Janssen, Merck, and Novo Nordisk.TC is an employee and shareholder of Sence Research AB.AYLC received grant from the National Institute for Health Research in England, the AIR@innoHK programme of the Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Commission, Hong Kong Research Grants Council, consulting fees from ADHD Europe, outside of the submitted work.JC received lecture honoraria, consultancy fees, and\/or research funding\/grants from Amgen Inc., Amryt\u00a0Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Silence Therapeutics, Sobi, Ultragenyx, and Verve Therapeutics.CSLC received research funding\/grants from Amgen, the Food and Health Bureau of the Hong Kong Government, Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Commission, Hong Kong Research Grant Council, IQVIA, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Takeda, and Pfizer; was the CEO of Advance Data Analytics for Medical Science (ADAMS) Limited (HK); and received personal fees from PrimeVigilance and Merck Sharp & Dohme outside the submitted work.JHC received consulting fees from Amgen, Inc., Janssen-Cilag, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi.GMDF received lecture honoraria, consultancy fees, and\/or research funding\/grants from Amarin, Amgen Inc, Merck, Novartis, and UCB.EH received research funding\/grants from Amgen, Pfizer, and Sanofi and received consulting fees or honoraria from Amgen, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi.HKH has nothing to disclose.ECCL received funding\/grants from Amgen, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, and Takeda, the National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan (NSTC 114-2628-B-006-005-).UL received honoraria from Amgen Inc., Daiichi Sankyo, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, and Sanofi.JLM received consulting fees or honoraria from Amgen, Novartis, Daiichi Sankyo, and Sanofi.KWP received honoraria from Daiichi Sankyo, Amgen Inc, Novartis, HK Inno-N Pharmaceutical, and Daewoong Pharmaceutical.NR and IV are employees of the PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research. This independent research institute performs financially supported studies for government and related healthcare authorities and several pharmaceutical companies.SCS received research funding\/grants from Amgen, Inc. and currently is an employee of Roche and holds stock of Roche.JYS received research funding\/grants from Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Ministry of Education, Amgen, Pfizer, and Johnson and Johnson.KT received remuneration from Abbott Medical Co., Ltd., Alexion Pharma GK, Amgen K.K., Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Kowa Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Mochida Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., MSD K.K., Novartis Pharma K.K., Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pfizer Japan Inc., and Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; received trust research or joint research funds from Bayer Yakuhin Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., EA Pharma Co., Ltd., GE HealthCare Japan Corporation, ICON Clinical Research GK, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Otsuka Medical Devices Co., Ltd., and PPD-SNBL K.K.; received scholarship funds from Abbott Medical Co., Ltd., Boston Scientific Japan K.K., ITI Co., Ltd., Medtronic Japan Co., Ltd., Fides-one, Inc., and Roche Diagnostics K.K.; had an affiliation with the endowed departments of Abbott Japan Co., Ltd., Abbott Medical Co., Ltd., Biotronik Japan, Inc., Boston Scientific Japan K.K., Fides-one, Inc., Fukuda Denshi Co., Ltd., GM Medical Co., Ltd., ITI Co., Ltd., Japan Lifeline Co., Ltd., Kaneka Medix Co., Ltd., Medtronic Japan Co., Ltd., Nipro Corporation, Philips Japan Ltd., and Terumo Co., Ltd.KHY has nothing to disclose.ICKW received research funding\/grants from Amgen Inc., Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, the European Commission, the European Union\u2019s Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development, GSK, Health and Medical Research Fund Hong Kong, the Institute for Health Research in England, Janssen, the National Health and Medical Research Council in Australia, Novartis, Pfizer, Research Grants Council Hong Kong, and Takeda; received consulting fees from IQVIA and WHO; received payment for expert testimony for Appeal Court in Hong Kong; he was on advisory committees for the Pharmacy and Poisons Board, Expert Committee on Clinical Events Assessment Following COVID-19 Immunization, and Advisory Panel on COVID-19 Vaccines of the Hong Kong Government; he was a non-executive director of Jacobson Medical in Hong Kong; Founder and Chairman of Advance Data Analytics for Medical Science (ADAMS) Limited (HK), Asia Medicine Regulatory Affairs (AMERA) Services Limited, and OCUS Innovation Limited (Hong Kong, Ireland, and UK).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}