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Das in Deutschland im Umlauf befindliche Kokain ist h\u00e4ufig mit Levamisol, einem Anthelminthikum mit immunmodulatorischer Wirkung, versetzt. Sowohl Kokain als auch Levamisol werden mit der Entwicklung von klinisch bedeutsamen Autoimmunph\u00e4nomenen in Verbindung gebracht. Bei den sog. \u201ecocaine-induced midline destructive lesions\u201c handelt es sich um Gewebedestruktionen des HNO-Traktes, die eine lokalisierte Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis imitieren k\u00f6nnen. Zus\u00e4tzlich wurde auch die Entwicklung einer systemischen Vaskulitis durch Kokain und Levamisol beschrieben. Die Unterscheidung dieser Syndrome von einer prim\u00e4ren Vaskulitis stellt h\u00e4ufig eine klinische Herausforderung dar, da immunserologisch in den meisten F\u00e4llen antineutrophile zytoplasmatische Antik\u00f6rper (ANCA) nachweisbar sind. Die klinische Besserung ist eng mit der Beendigung des Substanzkonsums verkn\u00fcpft, deshalb kommt der fr\u00fchzeitigen Diagnosestellung eine besondere Bedeutung zu.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00393-022-01217-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T10:03:13Z","timestamp":1653472993000},"page":"606-614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Kokain-induzierte Vaskulitiden und Vaskulitis-Mimics","Cocaine-induced vasculitis and mimics of vasculitis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8394-969X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolas","family":"Ruffer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Krusche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstanze","family":"Holl-Ulrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ina","family":"K\u00f6tter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"L\u00f6tscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"1217_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00084a001","volume":"35","author":"FI Carroll","year":"1992","unstructured":"Carroll\u00a0FI, Lewin\u00a0AH, Boja\u00a0JW, Kuhar\u00a0MJ (1992) Cocaine receptor: biochemical characterization and structure-activity relationships of cocaine analogues at the dopamine transporter. 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