{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T09:09:38Z","timestamp":1788944978631,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/deed.de"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/deed.de"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010109","name":"Medical University of Graz","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Z Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Zusammenfassung<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Die Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) ist eine h\u00e4ufige entz\u00fcndlich-rheumatische Erkrankung im h\u00f6heren Lebensalter, die durch bilaterale Schmerzen im Schulter- und Beckeng\u00fcrtel, Morgensteifigkeit sowie systemische Entz\u00fcndungszeichen charakterisiert ist. Trotz ihrer H\u00e4ufigkeit bleibt die PMR angesichts diagnostischer Unsicherheiten mit einem breiten Spektrum an Differenzialdiagnosen eine klinische Herausforderung. Zus\u00e4tzlich erschweren die \u00dcberlappung mit der Riesenzellarteriitis sowie die aufgrund wiederholter Rezidive h\u00e4ufig erforderliche langfristige Glukokortikoidtherapie, die mit einem erh\u00f6hten Risiko f\u00fcr therapieassoziierte Nebenwirkungen einhergeht, das Management der Erkrankung. Entscheidend f\u00fcr die optimale Versorgung der Betroffenen ist eine fr\u00fchzeitige Diagnosesicherung, eine strukturierte Patient:innenstratifizierung sowie das Einbeziehen individueller Risikofaktoren in die Therapieentscheidung.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00393-026-01859-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T09:06:10Z","timestamp":1788167170000},"page":"563-574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Polymyalgia rheumatica"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3578-8205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myriam","family":"Reisch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6708-0688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhivana","family":"Boyadzhieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0173-0668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Dejaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2534-550X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"Buttgereit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4 Suppl 20","key":"1859_CR1","first-page":"S9","volume":"18","author":"MA Cimmino","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cimmino\u00a0MA, Zaccaria\u00a0A (2000) Epidemiology of polymyalgia rheumatica. Clin Exp Rheumatol 18(4 Suppl 20):S9\u2013S11","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1859_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1007\/s00393-025-01667-3","volume":"84","author":"F Buttgereit","year":"2025","unstructured":"Buttgereit\u00a0F, DGRh, Boyadzhieva\u00a0Z, Reisch\u00a0M, \u00d6GR, Schneider\u00a0M et\u00a0al (2025) S2e guidelines on the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica: update 2024 : Evidence-based guidelines of the German Society for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology (DGRh), the Austrian Society for Rheumatology and Rehabilitation (\u00d6GR) and the Swiss Society for Rheumatology (SGR) and the participating medical scientific specialist societies and other organizations. Z Rheumatol 84(6):494\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00393-025-01667-3","journal-title":"Z Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1859_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ard.2025.09.005","volume":"85","author":"EH Choy","year":"2026","unstructured":"Choy\u00a0EH, Unizony\u00a0SH, Wells\u00a0AF, Dasgupta\u00a0B, Buttgereit\u00a0F, Tanaka\u00a0Y (2026) Understanding the immunopathophysiology of polymyalgia rheumatica: implications for treatment. Ann Rheum Dis 85(1):6\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ard.2025.09.005","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1859_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.5114\/reum.2018.76900","volume":"56","author":"C Manzo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Manzo\u00a0C, Natale\u00a0M, Traini\u00a0E (2018) Diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica in primary health care: favoring and confounding factors - a cohort study. Reumatologia 56(3):131\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/reum.2018.76900","journal-title":"Reumatologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"1859_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rap\/rkaf060","volume":"9","author":"N Hamad","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hamad\u00a0N, Muller\u00a0S, Hider\u00a0S, Partington\u00a0R, Helliwell\u00a0T, Butt\u00a0H et\u00a0al (2025) Patterns of pain and stiffness over 5\u00a0years in polymyalgia rheumatica: results from the PMR Cohort Study. Rheumatol Adv Pract 9(3):rkaf060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rap\/rkaf060","journal-title":"Rheumatol Adv Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"1859_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3006","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae531","volume":"64","author":"S Cowley","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cowley\u00a0S, Harkins\u00a0P, Kirby\u00a0C, Conway\u00a0R, Kane\u00a0D (2025) Real-world outcomes of a dedicated fast-track polymyalgia rheumatica clinic. Rheumatology 64(5):3006\u20133011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae531","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1859_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken294","volume":"48","author":"M Cutolo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cutolo\u00a0M, Cimmino\u00a0MA, Sulli\u00a0A (2009) Polymyalgia rheumatica vs late-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology 48(2):93\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken294","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1859_CR8","first-page":"1043","volume":"32","author":"CT Pease","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pease\u00a0CT, Haugeberg\u00a0G, Morgan\u00a0AW, Montague\u00a0B, Hensor\u00a0EMA, Bhakta\u00a0BB (2005) Diagnosing late onset rheumatoid arthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, and temporal arteritis in patients presenting with polymyalgic symptoms. A prospective longterm evaluation. J\u00a0Rheumatol 32(6):1043\u20131046","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1859_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/s00393-025-01732-x","volume":"85","author":"WA Schmidt","year":"2026","unstructured":"Schmidt\u00a0WA (2026) Does polymyalgia rheumatica with normal CRP and ESR exist, and how should it be treated? Z Rheumatol 85(3):228\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00393-025-01732-x","journal-title":"Z Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1859_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra011913","volume":"347","author":"C Salvarani","year":"2002","unstructured":"Salvarani\u00a0C, Cantini\u00a0F, Boiardi\u00a0L, Hunder\u00a0GG (2002) Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant-cell arteritis. N Engl J Med 347(4):261\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra011913","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1859_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00393-023-01358-x","author":"M Reisch","year":"2023","unstructured":"Reisch\u00a0M, Dejaco\u00a0C (2023) Methods for assessment of disease activity of polymyalgia rheumatica. Z Rheumatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00393-023-01358-x","journal-title":"Z Rheumatol"},{"issue":"39","key":"1859_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000035385","volume":"102","author":"M Kara","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kara\u00a0M, Alp\u00a0G, Ko\u00e7\u00a0AM (2023) Diagnostic difficulties in polymyalgia rheumatica cases with normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C\u2011reactive protein values. Medicine (Baltimore) 102(39):e35385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000035385","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"24","key":"1859_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11247412","volume":"11","author":"A Ramon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ramon\u00a0A, Greigert\u00a0H, Ornetti\u00a0P, Maillefert\u00a0JF, Bonnotte\u00a0B, Samson\u00a0M (2022) Predictive Factors of Giant Cell Arteritis in Polymyalgia Rheumatica Patients. J\u00a0Clin Med 11(24):7412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11247412","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"1859_CR14","unstructured":"Bond M. INTERNATIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE USE OF IMAGING IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA. In: volume 85, supplement\u00a01, year 2026, page s100. doi:annrheumdis-2026-eular.B.1226"},{"issue":"1","key":"1859_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2015-000100","volume":"1","author":"SL Mackie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mackie\u00a0SL, Koduri\u00a0G, Hill\u00a0CL, Wakefield\u00a0RJ, Hutchings\u00a0A, Loy\u00a0C et\u00a0al (2015) Accuracy of musculoskeletal imaging for the diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica: systematic review. RMD Open 1(1):e000100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2015-000100","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"1859_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab506","volume":"61","author":"K Kobayashi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kobayashi\u00a0K, Nakagomi\u00a0D, Kobayashi\u00a0Y, Ajima\u00a0C, Hanai\u00a0S, Koyama\u00a0K et\u00a0al (2022) Ultrasound of shoulder and knee improves the accuracy of the 2012 EULAR\/ACR provisional classification criteria for polymyalgia rheumatica. Rheumatology 61(3):1185\u20131194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab506","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"1859_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i59","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae473","volume":"64","author":"CE Owen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Owen\u00a0CE, Nakos\u00a0O (2025) Imaging findings in polymyalgia rheumatica. Rheumatology 64(Supplement_1):i59\u2013i63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae473","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"1859_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2864","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa014","volume":"59","author":"M Fruth","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fruth\u00a0M, Seggewiss\u00a0A, Kozik\u00a0J, Martin-Seidel\u00a0P, Baraliakos\u00a0X, Braun\u00a0J (2020) Diagnostic capability of contrast-enhanced pelvic girdle magnetic resonance imaging in polymyalgia rheumatica. Rheumatology 59(10):2864\u20132871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa014","journal-title":"Rheumatol Oxf Engl"},{"issue":"2","key":"1859_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2024-004169","volume":"10","author":"M Fruth","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fruth\u00a0M, K\u00fcnitz\u00a0L, Martin-Seidel\u00a0P, Tsiami\u00a0S, Baraliakos\u00a0X (2024) MRI of shoulder girdle in polymyalgia rheumatica: inflammatory findings and their diagnostic value. RMD Open 10(2):e004169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2024-004169","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"1859_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.3109\/14397595.2014.978936","volume":"25","author":"H Takahashi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Takahashi\u00a0H, Yamashita\u00a0H, Kubota\u00a0K, Miyata\u00a0Y, Okasaki\u00a0M, Morooka\u00a0M et\u00a0al (2015) Differences in fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography\/computed tomography findings between elderly onset rheumatoid arthritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Mod Rheumatol 25(4):546\u2013551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/14397595.2014.978936","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1859_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.1847-18","volume":"58","author":"A Umetsu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Umetsu\u00a0A, Shimizu\u00a0T, Iwamoto\u00a0N, Hashiguchi\u00a0K, Eguchi\u00a0M, Okamoto\u00a0M et\u00a0al (2019) Paraneoplastic Syndrome Presenting with Polymyalgia Rheumatica-like Accumulations on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography\/Computed Tomography. Intern Med 58(6):861\u2013864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2169\/internalmedicine.1847-18","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"1859_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.01.022","volume":"124","author":"A Serrano-Combarro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Serrano-Combarro\u00a0A, Prieto-Pe\u00f1a\u00a0D, Mart\u00ednez-Rodr\u00edguez\u00a0I, Mart\u00ednez-Amador\u00a0N, Loricera\u00a0J, Blanco\u00a0R (2024) The usefulness of 18F-FDG-PET\/CT in detecting musculoskeletal and vascular involvement in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica receiving glucocorticoids. Eur J Intern Med 124:78\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.01.022","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1859_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200329","volume":"71","author":"B Dasgupta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dasgupta\u00a0B, Cimmino\u00a0MA, Maradit-Kremers\u00a0H, Schmidt\u00a0WA, Schirmer\u00a0M, Salvarani\u00a0C et\u00a0al (2012) 2012 provisional classification criteria for polymyalgia rheumatica: a\u00a0European League Against Rheumatism\/American College of Rheumatology collaborative initiative. Ann Rheum Dis 71(4):484\u2013492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200329","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"1859_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6036","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaf418","volume":"64","author":"Z Boyadzhieva","year":"2025","unstructured":"Boyadzhieva\u00a0Z, Reisch\u00a0M, Schneider\u00a0M, Buttgereit\u00a0F, Dejaco\u00a0C (2025) Treatment and prognostic factors in PMR: a systematic literature review informing German, Austrian and Swiss guidelines. Rheumatology 64(12):6036\u20136047. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaf418","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1859_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.133850","volume":"70","author":"C Dejaco","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dejaco\u00a0C, Duftner\u00a0C, Cimmino\u00a0MA, Dasgupta\u00a0B, Salvarani\u00a0C, Crowson\u00a0CS et\u00a0al (2011) Definition of remission and relapse in polymyalgia rheumatica: data from a\u00a0literature search compared with a\u00a0Delphi-based expert consensus. Ann Rheum Dis 70(3):447\u2013453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.2010.133850","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1859_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-021-05819-z","volume":"41","author":"A Floris","year":"2022","unstructured":"Floris\u00a0A, Piga\u00a0M, Chessa\u00a0E, Congia\u00a0M, Erre\u00a0GL, Angioni\u00a0MM et\u00a0al (2022) Long-term glucocorticoid treatment and high relapse rate remain unresolved issues in the real-life management of polymyalgia rheumatica: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol 41(1):19\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-021-05819-z","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1859_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.011379","volume":"63","author":"BF Leeb","year":"2004","unstructured":"Leeb\u00a0BF, Bird\u00a0HA (2004) A disease activity score for polymyalgia rheumatica. Ann Rheum Dis 63(10):1279\u20131283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.2003.011379","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"1859_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22771","volume":"57","author":"BF Leeb","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leeb\u00a0BF, Rintelen\u00a0B, Sautner\u00a0J, Fassl\u00a0C, Bird\u00a0HA (2007) The polymyalgia rheumatica activity score in daily use: proposal for a definition of remission. Arthritis Rheumatol 57(5):810\u2013815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.22771","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"1859_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2022.152069","volume":"56","author":"AW Nielsen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nielsen\u00a0AW, Fr\u00f8lund\u00a0LL, V\u00e5ben\u00a0C, Bonde\u00a0AR, Gormsen\u00a0LC, de Thurah\u00a0AL et\u00a0al (2022) Concurrent baseline diagnosis of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 56:152069. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2022.152069","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"1859_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew273","volume":"56","author":"C Dejaco","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dejaco\u00a0C, Duftner\u00a0C, Buttgereit\u00a0F, Matteson\u00a0EL, Dasgupta\u00a0B (2017) The spectrum of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica: revisiting the concept of the disease. Rheumatology 56(4):506\u2013515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew273","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1859_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead189","volume":"63","author":"E De Miguel","year":"2024","unstructured":"De Miguel\u00a0E, Macchioni\u00a0P, Conticini\u00a0E, Campochiaro\u00a0C, Karalilova\u00a0R, Monti\u00a0S et\u00a0al (2024) Prevalence and characteristics of subclinical giant cell arteritis in polymyalgia rheumatica. Rheumatology 63(1):158\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead189","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"1859_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2022.152017","volume":"55","author":"AK Hemmig","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hemmig\u00a0AK, Gozzoli\u00a0D, Werlen\u00a0L, Ewald\u00a0H, Aschwanden\u00a0M, Blockmans\u00a0D et\u00a0al (2022) Subclinical giant cell arteritis in new onset polymyalgia rheumatica A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data. Semin Arthritis Rheum 55:152017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2022.152017","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"1859_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-025-00528-5","volume":"9","author":"A Teel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Teel\u00a0A, Grebowicz\u00a0A, Lytvyn\u00a0Y, Garner\u00a0S, Appleton\u00a0CT, Saltman\u00a0AP et\u00a0al (2025) Immune checkpoint inhibitor associated vasculitis and polymyalgia rheumatica: a case series and systematic review. BMC Rheumatol 9(1):111\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41927-025-00528-5","journal-title":"BMC Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1859_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae099","volume":"64","author":"OCB Vermeulen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vermeulen\u00a0OCB, Brouwer\u00a0E, Slart\u00a0RHJA, Sandovici\u00a0M, Rutgers\u00a0A, Hilterman\u00a0TJ et\u00a0al (2025) Immune checkpoint inhibitor-mediated polymyalgia rheumatica versus primary polymyalgia rheumatica: comparison of disease characteristics and treatment requirement. Rheumatology 64(2):771\u2013779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae099","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"8","key":"1859_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2797","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac713","volume":"62","author":"AO Donskov","year":"2023","unstructured":"Donskov\u00a0AO, Mackie\u00a0SL, Hauge\u00a0EM, Toro-Guti\u00e9rrez\u00a0CE, Hansen\u00a0IT, Hemmig\u00a0AK et\u00a0al (2023) An international survey of current management practices for polymyalgia rheumatica by general practitioners and rheumatologists. Rheumatology 62(8):2797\u20132805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac713","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1859_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225192","volume":"83","author":"M Bond","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bond\u00a0M, Dejaco\u00a0C (2024) Polymyalgia rheumatica: crafting the future of a\u00a0simple (but not easy!) clinical syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 83(3):271\u2013273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard-2023-225192","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1859_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2023.105680","volume":"91","author":"Y Tanaka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tanaka\u00a0Y, Tanaka\u00a0S, Fukasawa\u00a0T, Inokuchi\u00a0S, Uenaka\u00a0H, Kimura\u00a0T et\u00a0al (2024) Glucocorticoid treatment and clinical outcomes in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica: A\u00a0cohort study using routinely collected health data. Joint Bone Spine 91(3):105680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbspin.2023.105680","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"issue":"2","key":"1859_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.70106","volume":"28","author":"M Sharma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sharma\u00a0M, Das\u00a0SK, Mohindra\u00a0R, Dutta\u00a0D (2025) Efficacy and Safety of Tocilizumab in Polymyalgia Rheumatica: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Rheum Dis 28(2):e70106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1756-185X.70106","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"14","key":"1859_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2303452","volume":"389","author":"RF Spiera","year":"2023","unstructured":"Spiera\u00a0RF, Unizony\u00a0S, Warrington\u00a0KJ, Sloane\u00a0J, Giannelou\u00a0A, Nivens\u00a0MC et\u00a0al (2023) Sarilumab for Relapse of Polymyalgia Rheumatica during Glucocorticoid Taper. N Engl J Med 389(14):1263\u20131272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2303452","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1859_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2602567","author":"JH Stone","year":"2026","unstructured":"Stone\u00a0JH, Buttgereit\u00a0F, Saraux\u00a0A, Schmidt\u00a0WA, Dejaco\u00a0C, Spiera\u00a0R et\u00a0al (2026) Phase 3 Trial of Secukinumab in Polymyalgia Rheumatica. N Engl J Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2602567","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1859_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e208","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00032-2","volume":"5","author":"TE Bolhuis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bolhuis\u00a0TE, Marsman\u00a0DE, den Broeder\u00a0AA, den Broeder\u00a0N, van der Maas\u00a0A (2023) 1\u2011year results of treatment with rituximab in polymyalgia rheumatica: an extension study of a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Rheumatol 5(4):e208\u2013e214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00032-2","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"1859_CR42","unstructured":"Kooijman N. Rituximab as a\u00a0glucocorticoid-sparing therapy in newly diagnosed polymyalgia rheumatica: A\u00a0randomized controlled trial (REDUCE PMR-1). In: volume 85, supplement\u00a01, year 2026, page s105. London. doi:annrheumdis-2026-eular.B.1217"},{"key":"1859_CR43","unstructured":"Lechner-Radner H. BARICITINIB FOR REMISSION INDUCTION AND GLUCOCORTICOID SPARING IN NEW-ONSET POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA (JAK-SPARE): A\u00a0PHASE III RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL. In: volume 85, supplement\u00a01, year 2026, page s308. doi:annrheumdis-2026-eular.LBA_B.61"},{"issue":"2 Suppl 89","key":"1859_CR44","first-page":"S-103","volume":"33","author":"P Patil","year":"2015","unstructured":"Patil\u00a0P, Williams\u00a0M, Maw\u00a0WW, Achilleos\u00a0K, Elsideeg\u00a0S, Dejaco\u00a0C et\u00a0al (2015) Fast track pathway reduces sight loss in giant cell arteritis: results of a longitudinal observational cohort study. Clin Exp Rheumatol 33(2 Suppl 89):S-103\u2013S-106","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1859_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-021-00210-6","volume":"5","author":"S Chrysidis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chrysidis\u00a0S, Lage-Hansen\u00a0PR, Svendsen\u00a0N, Diamantopoulos\u00a0AP (2021) The fast-track outpatient clinic significantly decreases hospitalisation rates among polymyalgia rheumatica patients. BMC Rheumatol 5(1):37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41927-021-00210-6","journal-title":"BMC Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1859_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105185","volume":"88","author":"LL Fr\u00f8lund","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fr\u00f8lund\u00a0LL, V\u00e5ben\u00a0C, Dam\u00a0M, Kj\u00e6r\u00a0SG, Nielsen\u00a0BD, \u00d8stg\u00e5rd\u00a0RD et\u00a0al (2021) Fast track clinic for early diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica: Impact on symptom duration and prednisolone initiation. Joint Bone Spine 88(5):105185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105185","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"}],"container-title":["Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Rheumatologie"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00393-026-01859-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00393-026-01859-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00393-026-01859-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T08:53:50Z","timestamp":1788944030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00393-026-01859-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1859"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00393-026-01859-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-1855","1435-1250"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-1855","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-1250","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Gem\u00e4\u00df den Richtlinien des Springer Medizin Verlags werden Autorinnen und Autoren sowie die Wissenschaftliche Leitung im Rahmen der Manuskripterstellung und Manuskriptfreigabe aufgefordert, eine vollst\u00e4ndige Erkl\u00e4rung zu ihren finanziellen und nichtfinanziellen Interessen abzugeben.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Interessenkonflikt","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien"}},{"value":"M.\u00a0Reisch\n                      : A.\u00a0Finanzielle Interessen: Novartis: Honorare (Adboard). \u2013\u00a0B.\u00a0Nichtfinanzielle Interessen: Angestellte Assistenz\u00e4rztin, Abteilung f\u00fcr Rheumatologie und Immunologie, Medizinische Universit\u00e4t Graz, Graz, \u00d6sterreich | Mitgliedschaft: \u00d6GR (\u00f6sterreichische Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Rheumatologie).\n                      Z.\u00a0Boyadzhieva\n                      : A.\u00a0Finanzielle Interessen: Z.\u00a0Boyadzhieva gibt an, dass kein finanzieller Interessenkonflikt besteht.\u00a0\u2013 B.\u00a0Nichtfinanzielle Interessen: Angestellte Internistin, Medizinische Klinik m.\u202fS. Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Charit\u00e9\u00a0\u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Deutschland | Mitgliedschaft: DGRH.\n                      C.\u00a0Dejaco\n                      : A.\u00a0Finanzielle Interessen: Vortragshonorare oder Kostenerstattung als passiv Teilnehmende: Sanofi, AbbVie, Novartis, Fresenius, UCB. \u2013\u00a0Bezahlte Beratungsleistungen, interne Schulungsvortr\u00e4ge, Gehaltsbezug o.\u202f\u00e4.: Sanofi, AbbVie, Novartis, Janssen, Sparrow, Zurabio Pharma.\u00a0\u2013 B.\u00a0Nichtfinanzielle Interessen: Abteilungsleitung, Abteilung f\u00fcr Rheumatologie, Krankenhaus Bruneck (ASAA-SABES), Bruneck, Italien | Mitgliedschaft: \u00d6GR (\u00d6sterreichische Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Rheumatologie) | Chair elect Education committee EULAR.\n                      F.\u00a0Buttgereit\n                      : A.\u00a0Finanzielle Interessen: Forschungsf\u00f6rderung zur pers\u00f6nlichen Verf\u00fcgung: AbbVie, Chugai, Medac. \u2013\u00a0Vortragshonorare oder Kostenerstattung als passiv Teilnehmende: Sanofi, AbbVie, Chugai, Medac, Novartis.\u00a0\u2013 B.\u00a0Nichtfinanzielle Interessen: Stellvertretender Klinikdirektor und Leitender Oberarzt, Medizinische Klinik m.\u202fS. Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Charit\u00e9\u00a0\u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, und Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum, ein Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Berlin, Germany. | Mitgliedschaft: DGRH.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Autorinnen und Autoren","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien"}},{"value":"Die vollst\u00e4ndige Erkl\u00e4rung zum Interessenkonflikt der Wissenschaftlichen Leitung finden Sie am Kurs der zertifizierten Fortbildung auf\n                      \n                      .","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Wissenschaftliche Leitung","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien"}},{"value":"erkl\u00e4rt, dass f\u00fcr die Publikation dieser CME-Fortbildung keine Sponsorengelder an den Verlag flie\u00dfen.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Der Verlag","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien"}},{"value":"F\u00fcr diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autor\/-innen keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgef\u00fchrt. F\u00fcr die aufgef\u00fchrten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien"}}]}}