{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T22:41:16Z","timestamp":1793313676072,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,29]],"date-time":"2019-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,29]],"date-time":"2019-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-019-02033-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,29]],"date-time":"2019-06-29T07:30:45Z","timestamp":1561793445000},"page":"433-450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["The effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on hormonal and inflammatory indices in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Sevda Gholizadeh","family":"Shamasbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solmaz","family":"Ghanbari-Homayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mojgan","family":"Mirghafourvand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2033_CR1","first-page":"153","volume":"6","author":"SH Aalei Bibi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Aalei Bibi SH, Naderi T (2004) Poly cystic ovarian syndrome: clinical, ultrasound and laboratory characteristics, Kerman. Iran J Endocrinol Metab 6(2):153\u2013161","journal-title":"Iran J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2033_CR2","volume-title":"Clinical gynecology endocrinology and infertility","author":"L Speroff","year":"2011","unstructured":"Speroff L, Mark AF (2011) Clinical gynecology endocrinology and infertility, 8th edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia","edition":"8"},{"issue":"8","key":"2033_CR3","first-page":"665","volume":"11","author":"A Nadjarzadeh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nadjarzadeh A, Dehghani Firouzabadi R, Vaziri N, Daneshbodi H, Lotfi MH, Mozaffari-Khosrav H (2013) The effect of omega-3 supplementation on androgen profile and menstrual status in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Iran J Reprod Med 11(8):665\u2013672","journal-title":"Iran J Reprod Med"},{"key":"2033_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007535.pub2\/abstract","author":"J Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang J, Li T, Zhou L, Tang L, Xu L, Wu T et al (2010) Chinese herbal medicine for subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD007535.pub2\/abstract","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2033_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.10.004","volume":"81","author":"Rotterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rotterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group (2004) Revised 2003 Consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 81(1):19\u201325","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"3","key":"2033_CR6","first-page":"238","volume":"62","author":"F Mehrabian","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mehrabian F, Khani B, Kelishadi R, Ghanbari E (2011) The prevalence of poly cystic ovary syndrome in Iranian women based on different diagnostic criteria. EndoCrynol Polska 62(3):238\u2013242","journal-title":"EndoCrynol Polska"},{"issue":"5","key":"2033_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.126650","volume":"187","author":"RP Kauffman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kauffman RP, Baker VM, Dimarino P, Castracane VD (2002) Poly cystic ovarian syndrome and insulin resistance in white and Mexican American women: a comparison of two distinct population. An J Obstet Gynecol 187(5):1362\u20131369","journal-title":"An J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2033_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1600-0412.1999.780212.x","volume":"78","author":"R Koivunen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Koivunen R, Laatikainen T, Tomas C, Huhtaniemi I, Tapanainen J, Martikainen H (1999) The prevalence of poly cystic ovaries in healthy women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 78(2):137\u2013141","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"2033_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.462303.80","volume":"335","author":"AH Balen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Balen AH, Rutherford AJ (2007) Managing anovulatory infertility and polycystic ovary syndrome. BMJ 335:663\u2013669","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"8","key":"2033_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det256","volume":"28","author":"LJ Moran","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moran LJ, Ranasinha S, Zoungas S, McNaughton SA, Brown WJ, Teede HJ (2013) The contribution of diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour to body mass index in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 28(8):2276\u20132283","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2033_CR11","first-page":"1896","volume":"18","author":"M Bizzarri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bizzarri M, Carlomagno G (2014) Inositol: history of effective therapy for polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 18:1896\u20131903","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2033_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)60175-7","volume":"19","author":"BG Chittenden","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chittenden BG, Fullerton G, Maheshwari A, Bhattacharya S (2009) Polycystic ovary syndrome and the risk of gynaecological cancer: a systematic review. Reprod Biomed Online 19(3):398\u2013405","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"issue":"10","key":"2033_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5711","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0011","volume":"90","author":"C Meyer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Meyer C, McGrath BP, Teede HJ (2005) Overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome have evidence of subclinical cardiovascular disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90(10):5711\u20135716","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2033_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2001.tb143431.x","volume":"174","author":"RA Lobo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lobo RA (2001) Priorities in polycystic ovary syndrome. Med J Aust 174:554\u2013555","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2033_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007506.pub3\/abstract","volume":"7","author":"J Moran Lisa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moran Lisa J, Hutchison Samantha K, Norman Robert J, Teede Helena J (2011) Lifestyle changes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 7:4. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD007506.pub3\/abstract","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2033_CR16","first-page":"101","volume":"2","author":"S Salehpour","year":"2008","unstructured":"Salehpour S, Taherzadeh Broujeni P, Neisani Samani E (2008) Leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, homocysteine and insulin resistance related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Int J Fertil Steril 2(3):101\u2013104","journal-title":"Int J Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2033_CR17","volume-title":"Williams gynecology","author":"BH Hoftman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hoftman BH, Bradshaw KD, Cunningham FG, Halvorson LM, Schaffer JI, Schorge JO (2008) Williams gynecology. Mc Graw-Hill Medical, New York"},{"issue":"5","key":"2033_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2014.04.017","volume":"71","author":"J Sheu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sheu J, Buzeny E, Reynolds R, Buzany C (2014) Polycystic ovary syndrome: a review for dermatologists: Part I. Diagn Manifest 71(5):912\u2013919. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2014.04.017","journal-title":"Diagn Manifest"},{"key":"2033_CR19","first-page":"361","volume":"73","author":"J Schrezenmeir","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schrezenmeir J, De Vaese M (2001) Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics-approaching a definition. J Nutr 73:361\u2013364","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2033_CR20","first-page":"1009","volume":"1","author":"BM Scavuzzi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Scavuzzi BM, Hernique FC, Miglioranza LHS, Sinmao ANC, Dichi I (2014) Impact of prebiotics, probiotics and synbioticss on components of the metabolic syndrome. Ann Nutr Disord Ther 1(2):1009 (ISSN: 2381-8891)","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Disord Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"2033_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1995.tb01535.x","volume":"53","author":"B Roberfroid","year":"1995","unstructured":"Roberfroid B, Bornet F, Bouley C, Cummings JH (1995) Colonic microflora:nutrition and health: summary and conclusions of an International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) [Europe] workshop held in Barcelona, Spain. Nutr Rev 53(5):127\u2013130","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2033_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711450779894X","volume":"99","author":"D Paineau","year":"2008","unstructured":"Paineau D, Payen F, Panserieu S, Coulombier G, Sobaszek A, Lartigau I et al (2008) The effects of regular consumption of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides on digestive comfort of subjects with minor functional bowel disorders. Br J Nutr 99(2):311\u2013318","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"2033_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms11062499","volume":"11","author":"LG Ooi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ooi LG, Liong MT (2010) Cholesterol-lowering effects of probiotics and prebiotics: a review of in vivo and in vitro findings. Int J Mol Sci 11(6):2499\u20132522. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms11062499","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"2033_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2513S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.11.2513S","volume":"137","author":"KE Scholz-Ahrens","year":"2007","unstructured":"Scholz-Ahrens KE, Schrezenmeir JR (2007) Inulin and oligofructose and mineral metabolism: the evidence from animal trials. J Nutr 137(11):2513S\u20132523S","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2033_CR25","first-page":"1009","volume":"1","author":"BM Scavuzzi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Scavuzzi BM, Hernique FC, Miglioranza LHS, Sinmao ANC, Dichi I (2014) Impact of prebiotics, probiotics and synbioticss on components of the metabolic syndrome. Ann Nutr Disord and Ther 1(2):1009 (ISSN: 2381-8891)","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Disord and Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"2033_CR26","first-page":"36","volume":"14","author":"N Greg Kelly","year":"2009","unstructured":"Greg Kelly N (2009) Inulin-type prebiotics: review (part2). Altern Med Rev 14(1):36\u201355","journal-title":"Altern Med Rev"},{"key":"2033_CR27","volume-title":"Therapeutical effects of functional probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotics foods","author":"A Homayouni Rad","year":"2008","unstructured":"Homayouni Rad A (2008) Therapeutical effects of functional probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotics foods, 1st edn. Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz","edition":"1"},{"issue":"2","key":"2033_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1086\/523333","volume":"46","author":"BR Goldin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goldin BR, Gorbach SL (2008) Clinical indications for probiotics: an overview. Clin Infect Dis 46(2):96\u2013100","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2033_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.3.1729-1738.2006","volume":"72","author":"M Begley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Begley M, Hill C, Gahan CGM (2006) Bile salt hydrolase activity in probiotics. Appl Environ Microbiol 72(3):1729\u20131738","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2033_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2009.08.005","volume":"300","author":"T Oelschlaeger","year":"2010","unstructured":"Oelschlaeger T (2010) Mechanisms of probiotic actions\u2014a review. Int J Med Microbiol 300(1):57\u201362","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2033_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1817","volume":"6","author":"H Flint","year":"2008","unstructured":"Flint H, Bayer E, Rincon M, Lamed R, White B (2008) Polysaccharide utilization by gut bacteria: potential for new insights from genomic analysis. Nat Rev Microbiol 6(2):121\u2013131","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2033_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/125.6.1401","volume":"125","author":"GR Gibson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gibson GR, Roberfroid MB (1995) Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics. J Nutr 125(6):1401\u20131412","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2033_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2002628","volume":"88","author":"LJ Fooks","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fooks LJ, Gibson GR (2002) Probiotics as modulators of the gut flora. Br J Nutr 88(1):S39\u2013S49","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"2033_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2392","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2007.03469.x","volume":"103","author":"P Su","year":"2007","unstructured":"Su P, Henriksson A, Mitchell H (2007) Prebiotics enhance survival and prolong the retention period of specific probiotic inocula in an in vivo murine model. J Appl Microbiol 103(6):2392\u20132400","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2033_CR35","first-page":"1","volume":"21","author":"M Karamali","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karamali M, Eghbalpour S, Rajabi S, Jamilian M et al (2018) Effects of probiotic supplementation on hormonal profiles, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Iran Med 21(1):1\u20137","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"key":"2033_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2017.12.047","volume":"42","author":"N Ghanei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ghanei N, Rezaei N, Amiri GA, Zayeri F, Makki G, Nasseri E (2018) The probiotic supplementation reduced inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Funct Food 42:306\u2013311","journal-title":"J Funct Food"},{"key":"2033_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-018-1648-7","author":"S Gholizadeh-Shamasbi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gholizadeh-Shamasbi S, Dehgan P, Mohammad-Alizadeh S, Aliasgarzadeh A, Mirghafourvand M (2018) The effect of resistant dextrin as a prebiotic on metabolic parameters and androgen level in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a randomized, triple-blind, controlled, clinical trial. Euro J Nutr. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-018-1648-7","journal-title":"Euro J Nutr"},{"key":"2033_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-018-0457-1","volume":"11","author":"M Jamilian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jamilian M, Mansury Sh, Bahmani F, Heidar Z, Amirani E, Asemi Z (2018) The effects of probiotic and selenium cosupplementation on parameters of mental health, hormonal profiles, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Ovarian Res 11:80. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13048-018-0457-1","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"key":"2033_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2018.07.002","author":"Z Esmaeilinezhad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Esmaeilinezhad Z, Babajafari S, Sohrabi Z, Eskandari M-H, Amooee S, Barati-Boldaji R (2018) Effect of synbiotics pomegranate juice on glycemic, sex hormone profile and anthropometric indices in PCOS: a randomized, triple blind, controlled trial. Nut Metab Cardiovasc Dis. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.numecd.2018.07.002","journal-title":"Nut Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"2033_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-018-0248-0","volume":"18","author":"Kh Nasri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nasri Kh, Jamilian M, Asemi Z, Rahmani E, Bahmani F, Tajabadi-Ebrahimi M (2018) The effects of synbiotics supplementation on hormonal status, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial. BMC Endocr Disord 18:21. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12902-018-0248-0","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"2033_CR41","volume-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1.0","author":"JPT Higgins","year":"2011","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Green S (2011) Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1.0. Wiley, Chichester"},{"key":"2033_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-018-9405-z","author":"M Samimi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Samimi M, Seyed Hosseini E, Dadkhah A, Asemi Z (2018) The effects of synbiotics supplementation on metabolic status in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Probiot Antimicrob Proteins. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-018-9405-z","journal-title":"Probiot Antimicrob Proteins"},{"issue":"4","key":"2033_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114517003920","volume":"119","author":"E Karimi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karimi E, Moini A, Yaseri M, Shirzad N, Sepidarkish M, Hossein-Boroujerdi M, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ (2018) Effects of synbiotics supplementation on metabolic parameters and apelin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Br J Nutr 119(4):398\u2013406. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0007114517003920","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2033_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1080\/14647273.2017.1283446","volume":"20","author":"Sh Ahmadi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ahmadi Sh, Jamilian M, Karamali M, TajabadiEbrahimi M, Jafari P, Taghizadeh M, Memarzadeh MR, Asemi Z (2017) Probiotic supplementation and the effects on weight loss, glycaemia and lipid profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Hum Fertil 20(4):254\u2013261. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14647273.2017.1283446","journal-title":"Hum Fertil"},{"key":"2033_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4103\/2008-7802.153866","volume":"6","author":"T Shoaei","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shoaei T, Heidari-Beni M, Ghasemi Tehrani H, Feizi A, Esmaillzadeh A, Askari Gh (2015) Effects of probiotic supplementation on pancreatic \u03b2-cell function and C-reactive protein in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Int J Prev Med 6:27. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2008-7802.153866","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"2033_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2018.04.071","volume":"46","author":"A Shabani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shabani A, Noshadian M, Jamilian M, Chamani M, Mohammadi S, Asemi Z (2018) The effects of a novel combination of selenium and probiotic on weight loss, glycemic control and markers of cardio-metabolic risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Funct Foods 46:329\u2013334","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"key":"2033_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2017.06.029","volume":"36","author":"NM Rashad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rashad NM, El-Shal AS, Amin AI, Soliman MH (2017) Effects of probiotics supplementation on macrophage migration inhibitory factor and clinical laboratory feature of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Funct Foods 36:317\u2013324","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"issue":"11","key":"2033_CR48","first-page":"67270","volume":"20","author":"S Gholizadeh-Shamasbi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gholizadeh-Shamasbi S, Dehgan P, Mohammad-Alizadeh S, Aliasgarzadeh A, Mirghafourvand M (2018) Effect of prebiotic on anthropometric indices in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a triple-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Iran Red Crescent Med J 20(11):67270","journal-title":"Iran Red Crescent Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2033_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-008-0747-8","volume":"279","author":"M Api","year":"2008","unstructured":"Api M, Badoglu B, Akca A, Api O, Gorgen H, Cetin A (2008) Interobserver variability of modified Ferriman\u2013Gallwey hirsutism score in a Turkish population. Arch Gynecol Obstet 279(4):473\u2013479. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-008-0747-8","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"90","key":"2033_CR50","first-page":"18","volume":"17","author":"Y Khajebishak","year":"2014","unstructured":"Khajebishak Y, Payahoo L, Homayouni Rad A, Shokrvash B (2014) The role of intestinal microbiota in health and a short review on the probiotic and prebiotic supplements in obesity prevention. Arak Med Univ J 17(90):18\u201326","journal-title":"Arak Med Univ J"},{"issue":"21","key":"2033_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11424","DOI":"10.1021\/jf202014k","volume":"59","author":"C Pan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pan C, Zhao Y, Liao SF, Chen F, Qin S, Wu X et al (2011) Effect of selenium enriched probiotics on laying performance, egg quality, egg selenium content, and egg glutathione peroxidase activity. J Agric Food Chem 59(21):11424\u201311431","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"2033_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.15171\/apb.2015.069","volume":"5","author":"A Aliasgharzadeh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aliasgharzadeh A, Khalili M, Mirtaheri E, Pourghassem Gargari B, Tavakoli F, Abbasalizadeh Farhangi M et al (2015) A combination of prebiotic inulin and oligofructose improve some of cardiovascular disease risk factors in women with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Adv Pharm Bull 5(4):507\u2013514","journal-title":"Adv Pharm Bull"},{"issue":"4","key":"2033_CR53","first-page":"205","volume":"15","author":"M Amiri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Amiri M, Golsorkhtabaramiri M, Esmaeilzadeh S, Ghofrani F, Bijani A, Ghorbani L et al (2014) Effect of metformin and flutamide on anthropometric indices and laboratory tests in obese\/overweight PCOS women under hypocaloric diet. J Reprod Infertil 15(4):205\u2013213","journal-title":"J Reprod Infertil"},{"key":"2033_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986734","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/986734","volume":"2013","author":"BM Carvalho","year":"2013","unstructured":"Carvalho BM, Abdalla Saad MJ (2013) Influence of gut microbiota on subclinical inflammation and insulin resistance. Mediators Inflamm 2013:986734. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/986734","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"issue":"2","key":"2033_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.22038\/MJMS.2013.846","volume":"56","author":"ZT Mehdizadeh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mehdizadeh ZT, Mirfeizi M, Mirfeizi Z, Asghari MJ, Hojat SH (2013) The effect of diet and physical activity on obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Med J Mashhad 56(2):77\u201384. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.22038\/MJMS.2013.846","journal-title":"Med J Mashhad"},{"issue":"6","key":"2033_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.138","volume":"93","author":"A Huang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Huang A, Brennan K, Azziz R (2010) Prevalence of hyperandrogenemia in the polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosed by the National Institutes of Health 1990 criteria. Fertil Steril 93(6):1938\u20131941","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"2033_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-009-1162-2","volume":"121","author":"E Wehr","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wehr E, Moller R, Horejsi R, Giuliani A, Kopera D, Schweighofer N et al (2009) Subcutaneous adipose tissue topography and metabolic disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome. Wien Klin Wochenschr 121(7\u20138):262\u2013269","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"issue":"10","key":"2033_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2339","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu200","volume":"29","author":"S West","year":"2014","unstructured":"West S, Lashen H, Bloigu A, Franks S, Puukka K, Ruokonen A et al (2014) Irregular menstruation and hyperandrogenaemia in adolescence are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome and infertility in later life: northern Finland birth cohort 1986 study. Hum Reprod 29(10):2339\u20132351","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"4","key":"2033_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1554918","volume":"33","author":"F Gonzalez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gonzalez F (2015) Nutrient-induced inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome: role in the development of metabolic aberration and ovarian dysfunction. Semin Reprod Med 33(4):276\u2013286","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"2033_CR60","first-page":"8589318","volume":"2016","author":"T Zuo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zuo T, Zhu M, Xu W (2016) Roles of oxidative stress in polycystic ovary syndrome and cancers. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016:8589318","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"11","key":"2033_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3951","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2279","volume":"97","author":"T Sathyapalan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sathyapalan T, Shepherd J, Coady AM, Kilpatrick ES, Atkin SL (2012) Atorvastatin reduces malondialdehyde concentrations in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97(11):3951\u20133955","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2033_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del003","volume":"21","author":"E Diamanti-Kandarakis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Paterakis T, Alexandraki K, Piperi C, Aessopos A, Katsikis I et al (2006) Indices of low-grade chronic inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome and the beneficial effect of metformin. Hum Reprod 21(6):1426\u20131431","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2033_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3805","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19123805","volume":"19","author":"Q Xue","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xue Q, Yan Y, Zhang R, Xiong H (2018) Regulation of iNOS on immune cells and its role in diseases. Int J Mol Sci 19:3805\u20133818. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms19123805","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2033_CR64","first-page":"537","volume":"50","author":"T Szkudelski","year":"2001","unstructured":"Szkudelski T (2001) The mechanism of alloxan and streptozotocin action in B cells of the rat pancreas. Physiol Res 50:537\u2013546","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2033_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-014-3901-z","volume":"49","author":"H Shakeri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shakeri H, Hadaegh H, Abedi F et al (2014) Consumption of synbiotics bread decreases triacylglycerol and VLDL levels while increasing HDL levels in serum from patients with type 2 diabetes. Lipids 49(7):695\u2013701","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"issue":"1","key":"2033_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2012.10.026","volume":"15","author":"Y Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang Y, Li Y, Xie J et al (2013) Protective effects of probiotic lactobacillus casei Zhang against endotoxin- and d-galactosamine-induced liver injury in rats via anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capacities. Int Immunopharmacol 15(1):30\u201337","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2033_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9050521","volume":"9","author":"Y Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang Y, Wu Y, Wang Y, Xu H, Mei X, Yu D et al (2017) Antioxidant properties of probiotic bacteria. Nutrients 9(5):521. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu9050521","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"12","key":"2033_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114509993801","volume":"103","author":"H Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh H, Elmadfa I, Djazayery A, Jalali M, Heshmat R, Chamary M (2010) The effects of probiotic and conventional yoghurt on lipid profile in women. Br J Nutr 103(12):1778\u20131783. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0007114509993801","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"2033_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.165886","volume":"58","author":"PD Cani","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cani PD, Possemiers S, Van de Wiele T et al (2009) Changes in gut microbiota control inflammation in obese mice through a mechanism involving GLP-2-driven improvement of gut permeability. Gut 58(8):1091\u20131103","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"2033_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2005.04.013","volume":"22","author":"A Suzuki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Suzuki A, Mitsuyama K, Koga H et al (2006) Bifidogenic growth stimulator for the treatment of active ulcerative colitis: a pilot study. Nutrition 22(1):76\u201381","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"2033_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2009.00703.x","volume":"69","author":"P Rishi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rishi P, Mavi SK, Bharrhan S et al (2009) Protective efficacy of probiotic alone or in conjunction with a prebiotic in Salmonella-induced liver damage. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 69(2):222\u2013230","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol"},{"key":"2033_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-018-9493-9","author":"J Heshmati","year":"2018","unstructured":"Heshmati J, Farsi F, Yosaee S, Razavi M, Rezaeinejad M, Karimie E, Sepidarkish M (2018) The effects of probiotics or synbiotics supplementation in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Probiot Antimicro Prot. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-018-9493-9","journal-title":"Probiot Antimicro Prot"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00394-019-02033-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00394-019-02033-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00394-019-02033-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,27]],"date-time":"2020-06-27T23:29:57Z","timestamp":1593300597000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00394-019-02033-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,29]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["2033"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-019-02033-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-6207","1436-6215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-6207","type":"print"},{"value":"1436-6215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 January 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they do have not any conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and\/or publication of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"For this type of study, formal consent is not required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}}]}}