{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:51:51Z","timestamp":1761897111555,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567987200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010586","name":"Haukeland\u00a0Universitetssjukehus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009471","name":"EkstraStiftelsen Helse og Rehabilitering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009471","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010698","name":"Landsforeningen for Hjerte- og Lungesyke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010698","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005029","name":"Helse Vest Regionalt Helsef\u00f8retak","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005029","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005366","name":"Universitetet i Oslo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We hypothesized that biomarkers and dietary factors related to cardiovascular disease risk were associated with serum retinol and evaluated these potential associations in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We used cross-sectional data from 4116 patients hospitalised for suspected CAD. Dietary data were obtained from a subgroup of 1962 patients using a food frequency questionnaire. Potential biomarkers and dietary factors were explored using linear regression modelling adjusted for age and sex. Regression coefficients and corresponding confidence intervals (CI) are given as \u00a0% change in serum retinol per unit change in the predictors. Analyses were performed in the total population and in strata of serum retinol tertiles.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In age- and sex-adjusted models, serum creatinine (standardized \u03b2:\u00a00.38,\u00a095% CI [0.35, 0.42]), plasma total cysteine (0.26, [0.23, 0.29]), serum uric acid (0.30, [0.26, 0.33]) and plasma neopterin (0.22, [0.18, 0.25]) were positively associated, whereas plasma serine (\u2212\u20090.15, [\u2212\u20090.18, \u2212\u20090.12]) and serum C-reactive protein (\u2212\u20090.15, [\u2212\u20090.18, \u2212\u20090.12]) were inversely associated with serum retinol. When we included the significant biomarkers in a multivariate model, the model explained 33% of the variability (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.33) in serum retinol. The results were similar in the lower and upper tertiles of serum retinol. Weak or no associations were observed for dietary factors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In patients with suspected CAD, concentrations of creatinine, cysteine and uric acid were positively associated with serum retinol. Future studies should assess whether retinol concentrations are influenced by metabolic alterations in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-019-02086-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T16:03:36Z","timestamp":1568045016000},"page":"2383-2393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Creatinine, total cysteine and uric acid are associated with serum retinol in patients with cardiovascular disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1805-5221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Olsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0756-5042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathrine J.","family":"Vinknes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7329-3615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rune","family":"Blomhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0816-5075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vegard","family":"Lysne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2937-5351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d8ivind","family":"Midttun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Indu","family":"Dhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1903-0571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per M.","family":"Ueland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9391-8352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gard F. T.","family":"Svingen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2545-1866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva K. R.","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7216-2784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian A.","family":"Drevon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0382-5633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helga","family":"Refsum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4885-1010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ottar K.","family":"Nyg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2086_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.20242","volume":"66","author":"R Blomhoff","year":"2006","unstructured":"Blomhoff R, Blomhoff HK (2006) Overview of retinoid metabolism and function. J Neurobiol 66(7):606\u2013630. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/neu.20242","journal-title":"J Neurobiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2086_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm3020453","volume":"3","author":"W Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen W, Chen G (2014) The roles of vitamin A in the regulation of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. J Clin Med 3(2):453\u2013479. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm3020453","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2086_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2015.1066331","volume":"15","author":"S Patel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Patel S, Vajdy M (2015) Induction of cellular and molecular immunomodulatory pathways by vitamin A and flavonoids. Expert Opin Biol Ther 15(10):1411\u20131428. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1517\/14712598.2015.1066331","journal-title":"Expert Opin Biol Ther"},{"key":"2086_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.07.020","author":"T Olsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Olsen T, Vinknes KJ, Svingen GFT, Pedersen ER, Tell GS, Blomhoff R, Drevon CA, Ueland PM, Midttun O, Refsum H, Nygard OK (2017) Cardiovascular disease risk associated with serum apolipoprotein B is modified by serum vitamin A. Atherosclerosis. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.07.020","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"15","key":"2086_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487318788587","volume":"25","author":"T Olsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Olsen T, Vinknes KJ, Svingen GF, Pedersen ER, Dhar I, Tell GS, Blomhoff R, Ueland PM, Midttun O, Refsum H, Nygard OK (2018) The risk association of plasma total homocysteine with acute myocardial infarction is modified by serum vitamin A. Eur J Prev Cardiol 25(15):1612\u20131620. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2047487318788587","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2086_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.3.586","volume":"73","author":"C Ballew","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ballew C, Bowman BA, Sowell AL, Gillespie C (2001) Serum retinol distributions in residents of the United States: third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988\u20131994. Am J Clin Nutr 73(3):586\u2013593. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/73.3.586","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2086_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021171","volume":"348","author":"K Michaelsson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Michaelsson K, Lithell H, Vessby B, Melhus H (2003) Serum retinol levels and the risk of fracture. N Engl J Med 348(4):287\u2013294. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa021171","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2086_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.101659","volume":"103","author":"MF Bakker","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bakker MF, Peeters PH, Klaasen VM, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Jansen EH, Ros MM, Travier N, Olsen A, Tjonneland A, Overvad K, Rinaldi S, Romieu I, Brennan P, Boutron-Ruault MC, Perquier F, Cadeau C, Boeing H, Aleksandrova K, Kaaks R, Kuhn T, Trichopoulou A, Lagiou P, Trichopoulos D, Vineis P, Krogh V, Panico S, Masala G, Tumino R, Weiderpass E, Skeie G, Lund E, Quiros JR, Ardanaz E, Navarro C, Amiano P, Sanchez MJ, Buckland G, Ericson U, Sonestedt E, Johansson M, Sund M, Travis RC, Key TJ, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Riboli E, van Gils CH (2016) Plasma carotenoids, vitamin C, tocopherols, and retinol and the risk of breast cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 103(2):454\u2013464. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.114.101659","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2086_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.5.1170","volume":"72","author":"CB Stephensen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stephensen CB, Gildengorin G (2000) Serum retinol, the acute phase response, and the apparent misclassification of vitamin A status in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Clin Nutr 72(5):1170\u20131178. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/72.5.1170","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2086_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2018.0080","author":"T Kanagasabai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kanagasabai T, Alkhalaqi K, Churilla JR, Ardern CI (2018) The association between metabolic syndrome and serum concentrations of micronutrients, inflammation, and oxidative stress outside of the clinical reference ranges: a Cross-Sectional Study. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/met.2018.0080","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"issue":"11","key":"2086_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2014.06.004","volume":"24","author":"KB Min","year":"2014","unstructured":"Min KB, Min JY (2014) Relation of serum vitamin A levels to all-cause and cause-specific mortality among older adults in the NHANES III population. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 24(11):1197\u20131203. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.numecd.2014.06.004","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2086_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3109\/10408363.2015.1023429","volume":"52","author":"SE Park","year":"2015","unstructured":"Park SE, Park CY, Sweeney G (2015) Biomarkers of insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance: past, present and future. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 52(4):180\u2013190. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/10408363.2015.1023429","journal-title":"Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2086_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665117001069","volume":"76","author":"N Mody","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mody N (2017) Alterations in vitamin A\/retinoic acid homeostasis in diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Proc Nutr Soc 76(4):597\u2013602. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0029665117001069","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"issue":"14","key":"2086_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024503","volume":"135","author":"Y Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu Y, Zhong Y, Chen H, Wang D, Wang M, Ou JS, Xia M (2017) Retinol-binding protein-dependent cholesterol uptake regulates macrophage foam cell formation and promotes atherosclerosis. Circulation 135(14):1339\u20131354. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024503","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"2086_CR15","first-page":"1439","volume":"73","author":"JA Olson","year":"1984","unstructured":"Olson JA (1984) Serum levels of vitamin A and carotenoids as reflectors of nutritional status. J Natl Cancer Inst 73(6):1439\u20131444","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"4","key":"2086_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.12402","volume":"9","author":"J Jing","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jing J, Isoherranen N, Robinson-Cohen C, Petrie I, Kestenbaum BR, Yeung CK (2016) Chronic kidney disease alters vitamin A homeostasis via effects on hepatic RBP4 protein expression and metabolic enzymes. Clin Transl Sci 9(4):207\u2013215. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cts.12402","journal-title":"Clin Transl Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2086_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3945\/an.116.014167","volume":"8","author":"LP Rubin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rubin LP, Ross AC, Stephensen CB, Bohn T, Tanumihardjo SA (2017) Metabolic effects of inflammation on vitamin A and carotenoids in humans and animal models. Adv Nutr 8(2):197\u2013212. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/an.116.014167","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"2086_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.301714","volume":"33","author":"GF Svingen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Svingen GF, Ueland PM, Pedersen EK, Schartum-Hansen H, Seifert R, Ebbing M, Loland KH, Tell GS, Nygard O (2013) Plasma dimethylglycine and risk of incident acute myocardial infarction in patients with stable angina pectoris. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 33(8):2041\u20132048. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.301714","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2086_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.7.795","volume":"300","author":"M Ebbing","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ebbing M, Bleie O, Ueland PM, Nordrehaug JE, Nilsen DW, Vollset SE, Refsum H, Pedersen EK, Nygard O (2008) Mortality and cardiovascular events in patients treated with homocysteine-lowering B vitamins after coronary angiography: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 300(7):795\u2013804. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.300.7.795","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"11","key":"2086_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.053835","volume":"51","author":"A Windelberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Windelberg A, Arseth O, Kvalheim G, Ueland PM (2005) Automated assay for the determination of methylmalonic acid, total homocysteine, and related amino acids in human serum or plasma by means of methylchloroformate derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clin Chem 51(11):2103\u20132109. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2005.053835","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"21","key":"2086_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10427","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b02325","volume":"88","author":"O Midttun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Midttun O, McCann A, Aarseth O, Krokeide M, Kvalheim G, Meyer K, Ueland PM (2016) Combined measurement of 6 fat-soluble vitamins and 26 water-soluble functional vitamin markers and amino acids in 50\u00a0\u03bcL of serum or plasma by high-throughput mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 88(21):10427\u201310436. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b02325","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"issue":"14","key":"2086_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.5073","volume":"25","author":"O Midttun","year":"2011","unstructured":"Midttun O, Ueland PM (2011) Determination of vitamins A, D and E in a small volume of human plasma by a high-throughput method based on liquid chromatography\/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 25(14):1942\u20131948. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rcm.5073","journal-title":"Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom"},{"issue":"6","key":"2086_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-012-6602-6","volume":"405","author":"O Midttun","year":"2013","unstructured":"Midttun O, Kvalheim G, Ueland PM (2013) High-throughput, low-volume, multianalyte quantification of plasma metabolites related to one-carbon metabolism using HPLC\u2013MS\/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 405(6):2009\u20132017. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00216-012-6602-6","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"issue":"9","key":"2086_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.4013","volume":"23","author":"O Midttun","year":"2009","unstructured":"Midttun O, Hustad S, Ueland PM (2009) Quantitative profiling of biomarkers related to B-vitamin status, tryptophan metabolism and inflammation in human plasma by liquid chromatography\/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 23(9):1371\u20131379. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rcm.4013","journal-title":"Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom"},{"issue":"1","key":"2086_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.083196","volume":"100","author":"A Ulvik","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ulvik A, Midttun O, Pedersen ER, Eussen SJ, Nygard O, Ueland PM (2014) Evidence for increased catabolism of vitamin B-6 during systemic inflammation. Am J Clin Nutr 100(1):250\u2013255. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.114.083196","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2086_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2016.08.001","volume":"53","author":"PM Ueland","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ueland PM, McCann A, Midttun O, Ulvik A (2017) Inflammation, vitamin B6 and related pathways. Mol Aspects Med 53:10\u201327. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mam.2016.08.001","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2086_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1629912","volume":"118","author":"OR Mjelva","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mjelva OR, Svingen GFT, Pedersen EKR, Seifert R, Kvaloy JT, Midttun O, Ueland PM, Nordrehaug JE, Nygard O, Nilsen DWT (2018) Fibrinogen and neopterin is associated with future myocardial infarction and total mortality in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Thromb Haemost 118(4):778\u2013790. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0038-1629912","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"11","key":"2086_CR28","first-page":"809","volume":"46","author":"M Nes","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nes M, Frost Andersen L, Solvoll K, Sandstad B, Hustvedt BE, Lovo A, Drevon CA (1992) Accuracy of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire applied in elderly Norwegian women. Eur J Clin Nutr 46(11):809\u2013821","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"10","key":"2086_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980007702872","volume":"10","author":"A Hjartaker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hjartaker A, Andersen LF, Lund E (2007) Comparison of diet measures from a food-frequency questionnaire with measures from repeated 24\u00a0h dietary recalls. The Norwegian Women and Cancer Study. Public Health Nutr 10(10):1094\u20131103. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980007702872","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2086_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601519","volume":"57","author":"LF Andersen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Andersen LF, Tomten H, Haggarty P, Lovo A, Hustvedt BE (2003) Validation of energy intake estimated from a food frequency questionnaire: a doubly labelled water study. Eur J Clin Nutr 57(2):279\u2013284. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601519","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2086_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2002.31389","volume":"39","author":"J Chen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chen J, He J, Ogden LG, Batuman V, Whelton PK (2002) Relationship of serum antioxidant vitamins to serum creatinine in the US population. Am J Kidney Dis 39(3):460\u2013468. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/ajkd.2002.31389","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"2086_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2013.198","volume":"67","author":"F Granado-Lorencio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Granado-Lorencio F, Blanco-Navarro I, Perez-Sacristan B, Millan I, Donoso-Navarro E, Silvestre-Mardomingo RA (2013) Determinants of fat-soluble vitamin status in patients aged 65\u00a0years and over. Eur J Clin Nutr 67(12):1325\u20131327. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ejcn.2013.198","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2086_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.101345","volume":"102","author":"I Danquah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Danquah I, Dobrucky CL, Frank LK, Henze A, Amoako YA, Bedu-Addo G, Raila J, Schulze MB, Mockenhaupt FP, Schweigert FJ (2015) Vitamin A: potential misclassification of vitamin A status among patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension in urban Ghana. Am J Clin Nutr 102(1):207\u2013214. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.114.101345","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2086_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2014.02.004","volume":"39","author":"I Amelio","year":"2014","unstructured":"Amelio I, Cutruzzola F, Antonov A, Agostini M, Melino G (2014) Serine and glycine metabolism in cancer. Trends Biochem Sci 39(4):191\u2013198. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tibs.2014.02.004","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"2086_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.6.1636S","volume":"136","author":"JT Brosnan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brosnan JT, Brosnan ME (2006) The sulfur-containing amino acids: an overview. J Nutr 136(6 Suppl):1636S\u20131640S","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"42","key":"2086_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13005","DOI":"10.1021\/bi001088w","volume":"39","author":"E Mosharov","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mosharov E, Cranford MR, Banerjee R (2000) The quantitatively important relationship between homocysteine metabolism and glutathione synthesis by the transsulfuration pathway and its regulation by redox changes. Biochemistry 39(42):13005\u201313011","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"4","key":"2086_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12323","volume":"6","author":"C Yamada","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yamada C, Kondo M, Kishimoto N, Shibata T, Nagai Y, Imanishi T, Oroguchi T, Ishii N, Nishizaki Y (2015) Association between insulin resistance and plasma amino acid profile in non-diabetic Japanese subjects. J Diabetes Investig 6(4):408\u2013415. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdi.12323","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"issue":"11","key":"2086_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2017.07.006","volume":"27","author":"A Ntzouvani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ntzouvani A, Nomikos T, Panagiotakos D, Fragopoulou E, Pitsavos C, McCann A, Ueland PM, Antonopoulou S (2017) Amino acid profile and metabolic syndrome in a male Mediterranean population: a cross-sectional study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 27(11):1021\u20131030. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.numecd.2017.07.006","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2086_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e32834d199f","volume":"15","author":"AK Elshorbagy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Elshorbagy AK, Kozich V, Smith AD, Refsum H (2012) Cysteine and obesity: consistency of the evidence across epidemiologic, animal and cellular studies. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 15(1):49\u201357. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCO.0b013e32834d199f","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"2086_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e44166","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044166","volume":"7","author":"AK Elshorbagy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Elshorbagy AK, Valdivia-Garcia M, Refsum H, Butte N (2012) The association of cysteine with obesity, inflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance in Hispanic children and adolescents. PLoS One 7(9):e44166. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0044166","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"2086_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.3.365","volume":"132","author":"MJ Rowling","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rowling MJ, McMullen MH, Schalinske KL (2002) Vitamin A and its derivatives induce hepatic glycine N-methyltransferase and hypomethylation of DNA in rats. J Nutr 132(3):365\u2013369","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"12","key":"2086_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4090","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.12.4090","volume":"133","author":"MK Ozias","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ozias MK, Schalinske KL (2003) All-trans-retinoic acid rapidly induces glycine N-methyltransferase in a dose-dependent manner and reduces circulating methionine and homocysteine levels in rats. J Nutr 133(12):4090\u20134094","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"2086_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(95)00753-V","volume":"369","author":"M el Yaagoubi","year":"1995","unstructured":"el Yaagoubi M, Hachad H, Leh H, Siest G, Wellman M (1995) \u03b3-Glutamyltransferase expression during all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation of hematopoietic cell lines. FEBS Lett 369(2\u20133):183\u2013186","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2086_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2008.05.005","volume":"30","author":"SC Lu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lu SC (2009) Regulation of glutathione synthesis. Mol Aspects Med 30(1\u20132):42\u201359. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mam.2008.05.005","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2086_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.157891","volume":"28","author":"P Giral","year":"2008","unstructured":"Giral P, Jacob N, Dourmap C, Hansel B, Carrie A, Bruckert E, Girerd X, Chapman MJ (2008) Elevated gamma-glutamyltransferase activity and perturbed thiol profile are associated with features of metabolic syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 28(3):587\u2013593. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.157891","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2086_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000138022.86509.2d","volume":"35","author":"H Shimizu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shimizu H, Kiyohara Y, Kato I, Kitazono T, Tanizaki Y, Kubo M, Ueno H, Ibayashi S, Fujishima M, Iida M (2004) Relationship between plasma glutathione levels and cardiovascular disease in a defined population: the Hisayama study. Stroke 35(9):2072\u20132077. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.STR.0000138022.86509.2d","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2086_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8060349","author":"MR Bono","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bono, Tejon G, Flores-Santibanez F, Fernandez D, Rosemblatt M, Sauma D (2016) Retinoic acid as a modulator of T cell immunity. Nutrients. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu8060349","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2086_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8603164","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8603164","volume":"2016","author":"A Kushiyama","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kushiyama A, Nakatsu Y, Matsunaga Y, Yamamotoya T, Mori K, Ueda K, Inoue Y, Sakoda H, Fujishiro M, Ono H, Asano T (2016) Role of uric acid metabolism-related inflammation in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome components such as atherosclerosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Mediat Inflamm 2016:8603164. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/8603164","journal-title":"Mediat Inflamm"},{"issue":"12","key":"2086_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.008","volume":"33","author":"ES Ford","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ford ES, Choi HK (2013) Associations between concentrations of uric acid with concentrations of vitamin A and beta-carotene among adults in the United States. Nutr Res 33(12):995\u20131002. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.08.008","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2086_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20692","volume":"64","author":"WJ Choi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Choi WJ, Ford ES, Curhan G, Rankin JI, Choi HK (2012) Independent association of serum retinol and beta-carotene levels with hyperuricemia: a national population study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 64(3):389\u2013396. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.20692","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2086_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S4265","volume":"5","author":"J George","year":"2009","unstructured":"George J, Struthers AD (2009) Role of urate, xanthine oxidase and the effects of allopurinol in vascular oxidative stress. Vasc Health Risk Manag 5(1):265\u2013272","journal-title":"Vasc Health Risk Manag"},{"issue":"8387","key":"2086_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91424-7","volume":"1","author":"AR Mawson","year":"1984","unstructured":"Mawson AR (1984) Hypervitaminosis A toxicity and gout. Lancet 1(8387):1181","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"35","key":"2086_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4644","DOI":"10.2174\/092986709789878247","volume":"16","author":"D Fuchs","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fuchs D, Avanzas P, Arroyo-Espliguero R, Jenny M, Consuegra-Sanchez L, Kaski JC (2009) The role of neopterin in atherogenesis and cardiovascular risk assessment. Curr Med Chem 16(35):4644\u20134653","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"issue":"12","key":"2086_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2016.04.002","volume":"109","author":"S Taleb","year":"2016","unstructured":"Taleb S (2016) Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 109(12):708\u2013715. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acvd.2016.04.002","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"2086_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2438","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980009005539","volume":"12","author":"AM Hodge","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hodge AM, Simpson JA, Fridman M, Rowley K, English DR, Giles GG, Su Q, O\u2019Dea K (2009) Evaluation of an FFQ for assessment of antioxidant intake using plasma biomarkers in an ethnically diverse population. Public Health Nutr 12(12):2438\u20132447. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980009005539","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2086_CR56","first-page":"31","volume":"47","author":"R Jarvinen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jarvinen R, Knekt P, Seppanen R, Heinonen M, Aaran RK (1993) Dietary determinants of serum beta-carotene and serum retinol. Eur J Clin Nutr 47(1):31\u201341","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2086_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-6047.2000.00129.x","volume":"9","author":"D Li","year":"2000","unstructured":"Li D, Sinclair AJ, Mann NJ, Turner A, Ball MJ (2000) Selected micronutrient intake and status in men with differing meat intakes, vegetarians and vegans. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 9(1):18\u201323","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2086_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2013.01.004","volume":"57","author":"FP Barbosa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barbosa FP, Luna RC, Monteiro MG, Asciutti LS, de Oliveira RS, Diniz Ada S, Lima RT, Benigna MJ, de Moraes RM, Costa MJ, Goncalves Mda C (2013) Relationship between hemoglobin, serum retinol and habitual meat consumption in the elderly: a population-based study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 57(1):60\u201365. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.archger.2013.01.004","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"29","key":"2086_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw106","volume":"37","author":"MF Piepoli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Piepoli MF, Hoes AW, Agewall S, Albus C, Brotons C, Catapano AL, Cooney MT, Corra U, Cosyns B, Deaton C, Graham I, Hall, Hobbs FDR, Lochen ML, Lollgen H, Marques-Vidal P, Perk J, Prescott E, Redon J, Richter DJ, Sattar N, Smulders Y, Tiberi M, van der Worp HB, van Dis I, Verschuren WMM, Binno S, Group ESCSD (2016) European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: the Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts)Developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (EACPR). Eur Heart J 37(29):2315\u20132381. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw106","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2086_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.110528","author":"K Holvik","year":"2015","unstructured":"Holvik K, Ahmed LA, Forsmo S, Gjesdal CG, Grimnes G, Samuelsen SO, Schei B, Blomhoff R, Tell GS, Meyer HE (2015) No increase in risk of hip fracture at high serum retinol concentrations in community-dwelling older Norwegians: the Norwegian Epidemiologic Osteoporosis Studies. Am J Clin Nutr. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.115.110528","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"23","key":"2086_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4724","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr387","volume":"20","author":"AM Mondul","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mondul AM, Yu K, Wheeler W, Zhang H, Weinstein SJ, Major JM, Cornelis MC, Mannisto S, Hazra A, Hsing AW, Jacobs KB, Eliassen H, Tanaka T, Reding DJ, Hendrickson S, Ferrucci L, Virtamo J, Hunter DJ, Chanock SJ, Kraft P, Albanes D (2011) Genome-wide association study of circulating retinol levels. Hum Mol Genet 20(23):4724\u20134731. \n                  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/ddr387","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"2086_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.5.1034","volume":"81","author":"S Gueguen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gueguen S, Leroy P, Gueguen R, Siest G, Visvikis S, Herbeth B (2005) Genetic and environmental contributions to serum retinol and alpha-tocopherol concentrations: the Stanislas Family Study. Am J Clin Nutr 81(5):1034\u20131044","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00394-019-02086-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00394-019-02086-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00394-019-02086-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T23:14:35Z","timestamp":1599520475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00394-019-02086-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2086"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-019-02086-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-6207","1436-6215"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1436-6207"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1436-6215"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 March 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 August 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}