{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T22:09:27Z","timestamp":1794262167743,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]],"date-time":"2019-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]],"date-time":"2019-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004955","name":"\u00d6sterreichische Forschungsf\u00f6rderungsgesellschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COMET K1 CBmed"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COMET K1 CBmed"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004955","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diabesity, the combination of obesity and type 2 diabetes, is an ever-growing global health burden. Diabesity-associated dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome has gained attention as a potential driver of disease and, therefore, a possible therapeutic target by means of pro- or prebiotic supplementation. This study tested the effects of a multispecies synbiotic (i.e. a combination of probiotics and prebiotics) on glucose metabolism, gut microbiota, gut permeability, neutrophil function and quality of life in treatment-experienced diabesity patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study with 26 diabesity patients was conducted in which patients received a daily dose of a multispecies probiotic and a prebiotic (or a placebo) for 6 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were no changes in glucose metabolism or mixed meal tolerance test responses throughout the study. The analysis of secondary outcomes revealed beneficial effects on hip circumference [\u2212\u20091 (95% CI \u2212\u20094; 3) vs +3 (\u2212\u20091; 8) cm, synbiotics vs. placebo, respectively,<jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.04], serum zonulin [\u2212\u20090.04 (\u2212\u20090.2; 0.1) vs +0.3 (\u2212\u20090.05; 0.6) ng\/ml,<jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.004)] and the physical role item of the SF36 quality of life assessment [+\u20095.4 (\u2212\u20091.7; 12.5) vs \u2212\u20095.0 (\u2212\u200910.1; 0.2) points,<jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.02] after 3 months of intervention, and lipoprotein (a) [\u2212\u20092.1 (\u2212\u20095.7; 1.6) vs +3.4 (\u2212\u20090.9; 7.9) mg\/dl,<jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.02] after 6 months. There were no significant differences in alpha or beta diversity of the microbiome between groups or time points.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Glucose metabolism as the primary outcome was unchanged during the intervention with a multispecies synbiotic in patients with diabesity. Nevertheless, synbiotics improved some symptoms and biomarkers of type 2 diabetes and aspects of quality of life suggesting a potential role as adjuvant tool in the management of diabesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Graphic abstract<\/jats:title><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-019-02135-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]],"date-time":"2019-11-15T08:01:36Z","timestamp":1573804896000},"page":"2969-2983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Effects of a multispecies synbiotic on glucose metabolism, lipid marker, gut microbiome composition, gut permeability, and quality of life in diabesity: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7279-0628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Horvath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2101-7560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bettina","family":"Leber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Feldbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7566-2047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norbert","family":"Tripolt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8339-8821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Rainer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Blesl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Trieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2422-5381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gunther","family":"Marsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Sourij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5508-8271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Stadlbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2135_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2013.11.002","volume":"103","author":"L Guariguata","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guariguata L, Whiting DR, Hambleton I, Beagley J, Linnenkamp U, Shaw JE (2014) Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for 2035. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 103:137\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2013.11.002","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2135_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-789x.2000.00013.x","volume":"1","author":"A Astrup","year":"2000","unstructured":"Astrup A, Finer N (2000) Redefining type 2 diabetes: \u2018diabesity\u2019 or \u2018obesity dependent diabetes mellitus\u2019? Obes Rev 1:57\u201359","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2135_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.8.2300","volume":"26","author":"M Brandle","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brandle M, Zhou H, Smith BR, Marriott D, Burke R, Tabaei BP, Brown MB, Herman WH (2003) The direct medical cost of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 26:2300\u20132304","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2135_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v8.i4.120","volume":"8","author":"A Trikkalinou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Trikkalinou A, Papazafiropoulou AK, Melidonis A (2017) Type 2 diabetes and quality of life. World J Diabetes 8:120\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4239\/wjd.v8.i4.120","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"key":"2135_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-011-0191-1","volume":"11","author":"NM Delzenne","year":"2011","unstructured":"Delzenne NM, Cani PD (2011) Gut microbiota and the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Curr Diab Rep 11:154\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11892-011-0191-1","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"2135_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12198","volume":"498","author":"FH Karlsson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Karlsson FH, Tremaroli V, Nookaew I, Bergstrom G, Behre CJ, Fagerberg B, Nielsen J, Backhed F (2013) Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control. Nature 498:99\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature12198","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2135_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11450","volume":"490","author":"J Qin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Qin J, Li Y, Cai Z, Li S, Zhu J, Zhang F, Liang S, Zhang W, Guan Y, Shen D, Peng Y, Zhang D, Jie Z, Wu W, Qin Y, Xue W, Li J, Han L, Lu D, Wu P, Dai Y, Sun X, Li Z, Tang A, Zhong S, Li X, Chen W, Xu R, Wang M, Feng Q, Gong M, Yu J, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Hansen T, Sanchez G, Raes J, Falony G, Okuda S, Almeida M, LeChatelier E, Renault P, Pons N, Batto JM, Zhang Z, Chen H, Yang R, Zheng W, Li S, Yang H, Wang J, Ehrlich SD, Nielsen R, Pedersen O, Kristiansen K, Wang J (2012) A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes. Nature 490:55\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature11450","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2135_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1017\/s0029665114001657","volume":"74","author":"ES Chambers","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chambers ES, Morrison DJ, Frost G (2015) Control of appetite and energy intake by SCFA: what are the potential underlying mechanisms? Proc Nutr Soc 74:328\u2013336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0029665114001657","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"2135_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2015.84","volume":"39","author":"CS Byrne","year":"2015","unstructured":"Byrne CS, Chambers ES, Morrison DJ, Frost G (2015) The role of short chain fatty acids in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis (2005). Int J Obes 39:1331\u20131338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ijo.2015.84","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"2135_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1039\/c6fo01532h","volume":"8","author":"T Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen T, Kim CY, Kaur A, Lamothe L, Shaikh M, Keshavarzian A, Hamaker BR (2017) Dietary fibre-based SCFA mixtures promote both protection and repair of intestinal epithelial barrier function in a Caco-2 cell model. Food Funct 8:1166\u20131173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c6fo01532h","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"2135_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i1.60","volume":"23","author":"D Zhou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou D, Pan Q, Xin FZ, Zhang RN, He CX, Chen GY, Liu C, Chen YW, Fan JG (2017) Sodium butyrate attenuates high-fat diet-induced steatohepatitis in mice by improving gut microbiota and gastrointestinal barrier. World J Gastroenterol 23:60\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v23.i1.60","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2135_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.03.005","volume":"17","author":"CJ Kelly","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kelly CJ, Zheng L, Campbell EL, Saeedi B, Scholz CC, Bayless AJ, Wilson KE, Glover LE, Kominsky DJ, Magnuson A, Weir TL, Ehrentraut SF, Pickel C, Kuhn KA, Lanis JM, Nguyen V, Taylor CT, Colgan SP (2015) Crosstalk between microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and intestinal epithelial HIF augments tissue barrier function. Cell Host Microbe 17:662\u2013671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2015.03.005","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2135_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e32835665fa","volume":"15","author":"AJ Leonel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leonel AJ, Alvarez-Leite JI (2012) Butyrate: implications for intestinal function. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 15:474\u2013479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCO.0b013e32835665fa","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"2135_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0162354","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0162354","volume":"11","author":"HJ Zhong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhong HJ, Yuan Y, Xie WR, Chen MH, He XX (2016) Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with more serious small intestinal mucosal injuries. PLoS One 11:e0162354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0162354","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2135_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00454879","volume":"29","author":"AD Mooradian","year":"1986","unstructured":"Mooradian AD, Morley JE, Levine AS, Prigge WF, Gebhard RL (1986) Abnormal intestinal permeability to sugars in diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 29:221\u2013224","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2135_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12360","volume":"31","author":"F Horton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Horton F, Wright J, Smith L, Hinton PJ, Robertson MD (2014) Increased intestinal permeability to oral chromium (51 Cr) -EDTA in human Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 31:559\u2013563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.12360","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2135_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2817","volume":"37","author":"J Sato","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sato J, Kanazawa A, Ikeda F, Yoshihara T, Goto H, Abe H, Komiya K, Kawaguchi M, Shimizu T, Ogihara T, Tamura Y, Sakurai Y, Yamamoto R, Mita T, Fujitani Y, Fukuda H, Nomoto K, Takahashi T, Asahara T, Hirose T, Nagata S, Yamashiro Y, Watada H (2014) Gut dysbiosis and detection of \u201clive gut bacteria\u201d in blood of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 37:2343\u20132350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc13-2817","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2135_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E740","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00302.2006","volume":"292","author":"SJ Creely","year":"2007","unstructured":"Creely SJ, McTernan PG, Kusminski CM, Fisher FM, Da Silva NF, Khanolkar M, Evans M, Harte AL, Kumar S (2007) Lipopolysaccharide activates an innate immune system response in human adipose tissue in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 292:E740\u2013E747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00302.2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2135_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e83","DOI":"10.1038\/nutd.2013.24","volume":"3","author":"S Hawkesworth","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hawkesworth S, Moore SE, Fulford AJ, Barclay GR, Darboe AA, Mark H, Nyan OA, Prentice AM (2013) Evidence for metabolic endotoxemia in obese and diabetic Gambian women. Nutr Diabetes 3:e83. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nutd.2013.24","journal-title":"Nutr Diabetes"},{"key":"2135_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-013-1911-4","volume":"388","author":"B Jayashree","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jayashree B, Bibin YS, Prabhu D, Shanthirani CS, Gokulakrishnan K, Lakshmi BS, Mohan V, Balasubramanyam M (2014) Increased circulatory levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and zonulin signify novel biomarkers of proinflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Mol Cell Biochem 388:203\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11010-013-1911-4","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"2135_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2016.06.014","volume":"118","author":"S Samah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Samah S, Ramasamy K, Lim SM, Neoh CF (2016) Probiotics for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 118:172\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2016.06.014","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2135_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuw039","volume":"74","author":"V Akbari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Akbari V, Hendijani F (2016) Effects of probiotic supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 74:774\u2013784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nutrit\/nuw039","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"2135_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114516000076","volume":"115","author":"J Sun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sun J, Buys NJ (2016) Glucose- and glycaemic factor-lowering effects of probiotics on diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials. Br J Nutr 115:1167\u20131177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0007114516000076","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"2135_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4088","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000004088","volume":"95","author":"C Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li C, Li X, Han H, Cui H, Peng M, Wang G, Wang Z (2016) Effect of probiotics on metabolic profiles in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Medicine 95:e4088. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000004088","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2135_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3044","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.902600","volume":"23","author":"K Yao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yao K, Zeng L, He Q, Wang W, Lei J, Zou X (2017) Effect of probiotics on glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials. Med Sci Monit 23:3044\u20133053","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"2135_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2016.11.036","volume":"148","author":"YM Hu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hu YM, Zhou F, Yuan Y, Xu YC (2017) Effects of probiotics supplement in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Med Clin 148:362\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medcli.2016.11.036","journal-title":"Med Clin"},{"key":"2135_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medici.2015.11.008","volume":"52","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Wu Y, Fei X (2016) Effect of probiotics on glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 52:28\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medici.2015.11.008","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)"},{"key":"2135_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao5774","volume":"359","author":"L Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao L, Zhang F (2018) Gut bacteria selectively promoted by dietary fibers alleviate type 2 diabetes. Science 359:1151\u20131156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aao5774","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2135_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2013.09.005","volume":"30","author":"P Dehghan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dehghan P, Pourghassem Gargari B, Asghari Jafar-abadi M (2014) Oligofructose-enriched inulin improves some inflammatory markers and metabolic endotoxemia in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Nutrition 30:418\u2013423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nut.2013.09.005","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"2135_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.106989","volume":"102","author":"RD Gibb","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gibb RD, McRorie JW Jr, Russell DA, Hasselblad V, D\u2019Alessio DA (2015) Psyllium fiber improves glycemic control proportional to loss of glycemic control: a meta-analysis of data in euglycemic subjects, patients at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and patients being treated for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr 102:1604\u20131614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.115.106989","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2135_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-14-0036","volume":"3","author":"CL Bodinham","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bodinham CL, Smith L, Thomas EL, Bell JD, Swann JR, Costabile A, Russell-Jones D, Umpleby AM, Robertson MD (2014) Efficacy of increased resistant starch consumption in human type 2 diabetes. Endocr Connect 3:75\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EC-14-0036","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"key":"2135_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-105441","volume":"125","author":"M Tajabadi-Ebrahimi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tajabadi-Ebrahimi M, Sharifi N, Farrokhian A, Raygan F, Karamali F, Razzaghi R, Taheri S, Asemi Z (2017) A randomized controlled clinical trial investigating the effect of synbiotic administration on markers of insulin metabolism and lipid profiles in overweight type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 125:21\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0042-105441","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"2135_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.05.015","volume":"33","author":"Z Asemi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Asemi Z, Khorrami-Rad A, Alizadeh SA, Shakeri H, Esmaillzadeh A (2014) Effects of synbiotic food consumption on metabolic status of diabetic patients: a double-blind randomized cross-over controlled clinical trial. Clin Nutr 33:198\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.05.015","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2135_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1159\/000365153","volume":"65","author":"M Tajadadi-Ebrahimi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tajadadi-Ebrahimi M, Bahmani F, Shakeri H, Hadaegh H, Hijijafari M, Abedi F, Asemi Z (2014) Effects of daily consumption of synbiotic bread on insulin metabolism and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein among diabetic patients: a double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Ann Nutr Metab 65:34\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000365153","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"2135_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-017-9299-1","volume":"10","author":"R Tabrizi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tabrizi R, Moosazadeh M, Lankarani KB, Akbari M, Heydari ST, Kolahdooz F, Asemi Z (2018) The effects of synbiotic supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipid profiles in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 10:329\u2013342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-017-9299-1","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"2135_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10060773","author":"M Szulinska","year":"2018","unstructured":"Szulinska M, Loniewski I, van Hemert S, Sobieska M (2018) Dose-dependent effects of multispecies probiotic supplementation on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level and cardiometabolic profile in obese postmenopausal women: a 12-week randomized clinical trial. Nutrients. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10060773","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2135_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.08.009","author":"S Sabico","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sabico S, Al-Mashharawi A, Al-Daghri NM, Wani K, Amer OE, Hussain DS, Ahmed Ansari MG, Masoud MS, Alokail MS, McTernan PG (2018) Effects of a 6-month multi-strain probiotics supplementation in endotoxemic, inflammatory and cardiometabolic status of T2DM patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Nutr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.08.009","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2135_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-9-36","volume":"9","author":"M Haftenberger","year":"2010","unstructured":"Haftenberger M, Heuer T, Heidemann C, Kube F, Krems C, Mensink GB (2010) Relative validation of a food frequency questionnaire for national health and nutrition monitoring. Nutr J 9:36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1475-2891-9-36","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"2135_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-018-0540-z","volume":"10","author":"NJ Tripolt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tripolt NJ, Aberer F, Url J, Hogenauer C, Schreiber F, Eherer A, Sourij C, Obermayer AM, Stadlbauer V, Svehlikova E, Brunner M, Kojzar H, Pferschy PN, Pieber TR, Sourij H (2019) Impact of Duodeno-Jejunal bypass liner (EndoBarrierTM) implantation on insulin sensitivity in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): a study protocol for a pilot trial. Diabetes Ther 10:299\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13300-018-0540-z","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"key":"2135_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-5863","volume":"96","author":"NJ Tripolt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tripolt NJ, Leber B, Blattl D, Eder M, Wonisch W, Scharnagl H, Stojakovic T, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Wascher TC, Pieber TR, Stadlbauer V, Sourij H (2013) Short communication: effect of supplementation with Lactobacillus casei Shirota on insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, and markers of endothelial function and inflammation in subjects with metabolic syndrome\u2014a pilot study. J Dairy Sci 96:89\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2012-5863","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2135_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1995.tb00399.x","volume":"12","author":"NJ Wareham","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wareham NJ, Phillips DI, Byrne CD, Hales CN (1995) The 30 minute insulin incremental response in an oral glucose tolerance test as a measure of insulin secretion. Diabet Med 12:931","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2135_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2016.04.013","volume":"1861","author":"M Trieb","year":"2016","unstructured":"Trieb M, Horvath A, Birner-Gruenberger R, Spindelboeck W, Stadlbauer V, Taschler U, Curcic S, Stauber RE, Holzer M, Pasterk L, Heinemann A, Marsche G (2016) Liver disease alters high-density lipoprotein composition, metabolism and function. Biochim Biophys Acta 1861:630\u2013638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbalip.2016.04.013","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2135_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0040020","volume":"4","author":"P McKenna","year":"2008","unstructured":"McKenna P, Hoffmann C, Minkah N, Aye PP, Lackner A, Liu Z, Lozupone CA, Hamady M, Knight R, Bushman FD (2008) The macaque gut microbiome in health, lentiviral infection, and chronic enterocolitis. PLoS Pathog 4:e20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.0040020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2135_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15601","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15650-9","volume":"7","author":"V Stadlbauer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stadlbauer V, Horvath A, Ribitsch W, Schmerbock B, Schilcher G, Lemesch S, Stiegler P, Rosenkranz AR, Fickert P, Leber B (2017) Structural and functional differences in gut microbiome composition in patients undergoing haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Sci Rep 7:15601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-15650-9","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2135_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303","volume":"7","author":"JG Caporaso","year":"2010","unstructured":"Caporaso JG, Kuczynski J, Stombaugh J, Bittinger K, Bushman FD, Costello EK, Fierer N, Pena AG, Goodrich JK, Gordon JI, Huttley GA, Kelley ST, Knights D, Koenig JE, Ley RE, Lozupone CA, McDonald D, Muegge BD, Pirrung M, Reeder J, Sevinsky JR, Turnbaugh PJ, Walters WA, Widmann J, Yatsunenko T, Zaneveld J, Knight R (2010) QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data. Nat Methods 7:335\u2013336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmeth.f.303","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2135_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869","volume":"13","author":"BJ Callahan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Callahan BJ, McMurdie PJ, Rosen MJ, Han AW, Johnson AJ, Holmes SP (2016) DADA2: high-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data. Nat Methods 13:581\u2013583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmeth.3869","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2135_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13788","author":"A Horvath","year":"2016","unstructured":"Horvath A, Leber B, Schmerboeck B, Tawdrous M, Zettel G, Hartl A, Madl T, Stryeck S, Fuchs D, Lemesch S, Douschan P, Krones E, Spindelboeck W, Durchschein F, Rainer F, Zollner G, Stauber RE, Fickert P, Stiegler P, Stadlbauer V (2016) Randomised clinical trial: the effects of a multispecies probiotic vs. placebo on innate immune function, bacterial translocation and gut permeability in patients with cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.13788","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2135_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3920\/bm2018.0067","volume":"10","author":"V Stadlbauer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stadlbauer V, Horvath A, Komarova I, Schmerboeck B, Feldbacher N, Klymiuk I, Durdevic M, Rainer F, Blesl A, Stiegler P, Leber B (2019) Dysbiosis in early sepsis can be modulated by a multispecies probiotic: a randomised controlled pilot trial. Benef Microbes 10:265\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3920\/bm2018.0067","journal-title":"Benef Microbes"},{"key":"2135_CR49","first-page":"264","volume":"64","author":"E Eypasch","year":"1993","unstructured":"Eypasch E, Wood-Dauphinee S, Williams JI, Ure B, Neugebauer E, Troidl H (1993) The gastrointestinal quality of life index. A clinical index for measuring patient status in gastroenterologic surgery. Der Chirurg Zeitschrift fur alle Gebiete der operativen Medizen 64:264\u2013274","journal-title":"Der Chirurg Zeitschrift fur alle Gebiete der operativen Medizen"},{"key":"2135_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002","volume":"30","author":"JE Ware Jr","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD (1992) The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care 30:473\u2013483","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"2135_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800820229","volume":"82","author":"E Eypasch","year":"1995","unstructured":"Eypasch E, Williams JI, Wood-Dauphinee S, Ure BM, Schmulling C, Neugebauer E, Troidl H (1995) Gastrointestinal quality of life index: development, validation and application of a new instrument. Br J Surg 82:216\u2013222","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2135_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.10.036","volume":"13","author":"LK Stenman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stenman LK, Lehtinen MJ, Meland N, Christensen JE, Yeung N, Saarinen MT, Courtney M, Burcelin R, Lahdeaho ML, Linros J, Apter D, Scheinin M, Kloster Smerud H, Rissanen A, Lahtinen S (2016) Probiotic with or without fiber controls body fat mass, associated with serum zonulin, in overweight and obese adults-randomized controlled trial. EBioMedicine 13:190\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.10.036","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"2135_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-017-1354-x","volume":"15","author":"S Sabico","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sabico S, Al-Mashharawi A, Al-Daghri NM, Yakout S, Alnaami AM, Alokail MS, McTernan PG (2017) Effects of a multi-strain probiotic supplement for 12\u00a0weeks in circulating endotoxin levels and cardiometabolic profiles of medication naive T2DM patients: a randomized clinical trial. J Transl Med 15:249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-017-1354-x","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"2135_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1080\/09637486.2016.1181156","volume":"67","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Wu Y, Fei X (2015) Effect of probiotics on body weight and body-mass index: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Int J Food Sci Nutr 67:571\u2013580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09637486.2016.1181156","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"2135_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2017.161","volume":"41","author":"L Crovesy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Crovesy L, Ostrowski M, Ferreira D, Rosado EL, Soares-Mota M (2017) Effect of Lactobacillus on body weight and body fat in overweight subjects: a systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials (2005). Int J Obes 41:1607\u20131614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ijo.2017.161","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"2135_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31816d920c","volume":"42","author":"SF Solga","year":"2008","unstructured":"Solga SF, Buckley G, Clark JM, Horska A, Diehl AM (2008) The effect of a probiotic on hepatic steatosis. J Clin Gastroenterol 42:1117\u20131119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31816d920c","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2135_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12273","volume":"13","author":"RB Jones","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jones RB, Alderete TL, Martin AA, Geary BA, Hwang DH, Palmer SL, Goran MI (2018) Probiotic supplementation increases obesity with no detectable effects on liver fat or gut microbiota in obese Hispanic adolescents: a 16-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatric Obes 13:705\u2013714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijpo.12273","journal-title":"Pediatric Obes"},{"key":"2135_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/fns.2014.518187","author":"SO Hemert","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hemert SO, Ormel G (2014) Influence of the multispecies probiotic Ecologic\u00ae BARRIER on parameters of intestinal barrier function. Food Nutr Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/fns.2014.518187","journal-title":"Food Nutr Sci"},{"key":"2135_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.08.012","volume":"10","author":"A Fasano","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fasano A (2012) Intestinal permeability and its regulation by zonulin: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 10:1096\u20131100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.08.012","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2135_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13343","volume":"1397","author":"C Sturgeon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sturgeon C, Lan J, Fasano A (2017) Zonulin transgenic mice show altered gut permeability and increased morbidity\/mortality in the DSS colitis model. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1397:130\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nyas.13343","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2135_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/1550-2783-9-45","volume":"9","author":"M Lamprecht","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lamprecht M, Bogner S, Schippinger G, Steinbauer K, Fankhauser F, Hallstroem S, Schuetz B, Greilberger JF (2012) Probiotic supplementation affects markers of intestinal barrier, oxidation, and inflammation in trained men; a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 9:45. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1550-2783-9-45","journal-title":"J Int Soc Sports Nutr"},{"key":"2135_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.2147\/ppa.s106821","volume":"10","author":"WH Polonsky","year":"2016","unstructured":"Polonsky WH, Henry RR (2016) Poor medication adherence in type 2 diabetes: recognizing the scope of the problem and its key contributors. Patient Prefer Adherence 10:1299\u20131307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ppa.s106821","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"key":"2135_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1491","volume":"56","author":"PD Cani","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cani PD, Amar J, Iglesias MA, Poggi M, Knauf C, Bastelica D, Neyrinck AM, Fava F, Tuohy KM, Chabo C, Waget A, Delmee E, Cousin B, Sulpice T, Chamontin B, Ferrieres J, Tanti JF, Gibson GR, Casteilla L, Delzenne NM, Alessi MC, Burcelin R (2007) Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance. Diabetes 56:1761\u20131772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db06-1491","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2135_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2016.12.009","volume":"68","author":"JMG Gomes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gomes JMG, Costa JA, Alfenas RCG (2017) Metabolic endotoxemia and diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Metabolism 68:133\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2016.12.009","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2135_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-009-1288-2","volume":"121","author":"B Leber","year":"2009","unstructured":"Leber B, Mayrhauser U, Rybczynski M, Stadlbauer V (2009) Innate immune dysfunction in acute and chronic liver disease. Wien Klin Wochenschr 121:732\u2013744. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00508-009-1288-2","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"2135_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000379","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2016-000379","volume":"5","author":"C Richard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Richard C, Wadowski M, Goruk S, Cameron L, Sharma AM, Field CJ (2017) Individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes have additional immune dysfunction compared with obese individuals who are metabolically healthy. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 5:e000379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjdrc-2016-000379","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care"},{"key":"2135_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17534","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35809-2","volume":"8","author":"WMT Kuwabara","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kuwabara WMT, Yokota CNF, Curi R, Alba-Loureiro TC (2018) Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus induce lipopolysaccharide tolerance in rat neutrophils. Sci Rep 8:17534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-35809-2","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2135_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.5vmr0118-021rr","volume":"104","author":"LM Frydrych","year":"2018","unstructured":"Frydrych LM, Bian G, O\u2019Lone DE, Ward PA, Delano MJ (2018) Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus drive immune dysfunction, infection development, and sepsis mortality. J Leukoc Biol 104:525\u2013534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jlb.5vmr0118-021rr","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"2135_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2003.02660.x","volume":"42","author":"KH Sousa","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sousa KH, Williamson A (2003) Symptom status and health-related quality of life: clinical relevance. J Adv Nurs 42:571\u2013577","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"2135_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2797","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V12122797","volume":"12","author":"K Kalantar-Zadeh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kopple JD, Block G, Humphreys MH (2001) Association among SF36 quality of life measures and nutrition, hospitalization, and mortality in hemodialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 12:2797\u20132806","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2135_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04633.x","volume":"33","author":"S Guglielmetti","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guglielmetti S, Mora D, Gschwender M, Popp K (2011) Randomised clinical trial: bifidobacterium bifidum MIMBb75 significantly alleviates irritable bowel syndrome and improves quality of life\u2013a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 33:1123\u20131132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04633.x","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2135_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8709","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i26.8709","volume":"20","author":"V Lorenzo-Zuniga","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lorenzo-Zuniga V, Llop E, Suarez C, Alvarez B, Abreu L, Espadaler J, Serra J (2014) I.31, a new combination of probiotics, improves irritable bowel syndrome-related quality of life. World J Gastroenterol 20:8709\u20138716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v20.i26.8709","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2135_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.140012","volume":"105","author":"JC Dennis-Wall","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dennis-Wall JC, Culpepper T (2017) Probiotics (Lactobacillus gasseri KS-13, Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1, and Bifidobacterium longum MM-2) improve rhinoconjunctivitis-specific quality of life in individuals with seasonal allergies: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 105:758\u2013767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.116.140012","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2135_CR74","first-page":"56","volume":"29","author":"GE Theodoropoulos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Theodoropoulos GE, Memos NA, Peitsidou K, Karantanos T, Spyropoulos BG, Zografos G (2016) Synbiotics and gastrointestinal function-related quality of life after elective colorectal cancer resection. Ann Gastroenterol 29:56\u201362","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2135_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.576","volume":"305","author":"D Umpierre","year":"2011","unstructured":"Umpierre D, Ribeiro PA, Kramer CK, Leitao CB, Zucatti AT, Azevedo MJ, Gross JL, Ribeiro JP, Schaan BD (2011) Physical activity advice only or structured exercise training and association with HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 305:1790\u20131799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2011.576","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00394-019-02135-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00394-019-02135-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00394-019-02135-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]],"date-time":"2022-10-05T13:14:59Z","timestamp":1664975699000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00394-019-02135-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["2135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-019-02135-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-6207","1436-6215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-6207","type":"print"},{"value":"1436-6215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 June 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 November 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 November 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"AH received travel grants from Winclove (Amsterdam, The Netherlands) and a research grant from Institut Allergosan (Graz Austria). HS received a research grant from Winclove (Amsterdam, The Netherlands). VS received research grants and speaker fees from Institut Allergosan (Graz, Austria) and a research grant from Winclove (Amsterdam, The Netherlands). All other authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Research Ethics Board of the Medical University of Graz (26-464 ex 13\/14) and was registered prior to the inclusion of the first patient at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02469558). All persons gave informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}}]}}