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This study examined the adversaries of a low-iron MNP compared with the standard MNP on the composition of gut microbiota in Bangladeshi children exposed to a high concentration of iron from potable groundwater.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2- to 5-year-old children, drinking groundwater with a high concentration of iron (\u2265\u20092\u00a0mg\/L). Children were randomized to receive one sachet per day of either standard MNP (12.5\u00a0mg iron) or low-iron MNP (5\u00a0mg iron), for 2\u00a0months. A sub-sample of 53 children was considered for paired assessment of the gut microbiome by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>At baseline, the gut microbiota consisted of <jats:italic>Bifidobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic> (15.6%), <jats:italic>Prevotellaceae<\/jats:italic> (12.2%), <jats:italic>Lactobacillaceae<\/jats:italic> (3.6%), <jats:italic>Clostridiaceae<\/jats:italic> (4.1%) and <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic> (2.8%). Overall, there was no significant treatment effect of the low-iron MNP compared to the standard MNP. However, an apparent treatment effect was observed in children with a relative adult-like microbiota, with a higher relative abundance of potentially pathogenic <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic> after receiving the standard MNP compared to the low-iron MNP. This effect, however, was statistically non-significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.07).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In Bangladeshi children drinking iron-rich groundwater, a low-iron MNP supplementation did not have a significant impact on their gut microbiota profile\/composition compared to the standard MNP.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>The trial registration number is ISRCTN60058115; Date of registration 03\/07\/2019; retrospectively registered.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-021-02523-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T22:02:31Z","timestamp":1614290551000},"page":"3423-3436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effect of low-iron micronutrient powder (MNP) on the composition of gut microbiota of Bangladeshi children in a high-iron groundwater setting: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Sabuktagin","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guus A. 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