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We aimed to assess whether adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and cardiovascular risk factor were similar in the middle-aged and oldest participants in the PREDIMED study.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We analyzed participants belonging to the first and fourth quartiles of age (Q1 and Q4, respectively) to compare between-group differences in adherence to the nutritional intervention and cardiovascular risk factor (CRF) control during a 3-year follow-up. All participants underwent yearly clinical, nutritional, and laboratory assessments during the following.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 2278 patients were included (1091 and 1187 in Q1 and Q4, respectively). At baseline, mean ages were 59.6\u2009\u00b1\u20092.1\u00a0years in Q1 and 74.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.6\u00a0years in Q4. In Q4, there were more women, greater prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, and lower obesity and smoking rates than the younger cohort (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.001, all). Adherence to the MedDiet was similar in Q1 and Q4 at baseline (mean 8.7 of 14 points for both) and improved significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and to a similar extent (mean 10.2 and 10.0 points, respectively) during follow-up. Systolic blood pressure, low density\u2013lipoprotein cholesterol, and body weight were similarly reduced at 3\u00a0years in Q1 and Q4 participants.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The youngest and oldest participants showed improved dietary habits and CRFs to a similar extent after 3\u00a0years\u2019 intervention. Therefore, it is never too late to improve dietary habits and ameliorate CRF in high-risk individuals, even those of advanced age.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The trial is registered in the London-based Current Controlled Trials Registry (ISRCTN number 35739639).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-021-02741-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,28]],"date-time":"2021-11-28T16:02:16Z","timestamp":1638115336000},"page":"1429-1444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Change to a healthy diet in people over 70\u00a0years old: the PREDIMED experience"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Rosa","family":"Casas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Rib\u00f3-Coll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Ros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Montserrat","family":"Fit\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa-Mar\u00eda","family":"Lamuela-Raventos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Salas-Salvad\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itziar","family":"Zazpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel-Angel","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose V.","family":"Sorl\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramon","family":"Estruch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8018-1523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilio","family":"Sacanella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2741_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.04.052","volume":"70","author":"GA Roth","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roth GA, Johnson C, Abajobir A et al (2017) Global, regional, and national burden of cardiovascular diseases for 10 causes, 1990 to 2015. 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Ageing Res Rev 49:27\u201348","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00394-021-02741-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00394-021-02741-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00394-021-02741-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]],"date-time":"2022-03-14T16:17:51Z","timestamp":1647274671000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00394-021-02741-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,28]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2741"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-021-02741-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-6207","1436-6215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-6207","type":"print"},{"value":"1436-6215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 June 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 November 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 November 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Dr Estruch reports personal fees and non-financial support from The Research Foundation on Wine and Nutrition (FIVIN), non-financial support from The Beer and Health Foundation and the European Foundation for Alcohol Research (ERAB), personal fees from Cerveceros de Espa\u00f1a, personal fees from Sanofi-Aventis, grants from Novartis, outside the submitted work. Dr Ros reports grants, personal fees, non-financial support and other from California Walnut Commission, grants, personal fees, non-financial support and other from Alexion, personal fees, non-financial support and other from Ferrer International, personal fees, non-financial support and other from Danone, outside the submitted work. Dr Lamuela-Ravent\u00f3s reports personal fees and non-financial support from The Beer and Health Foundation and the European Foundation for Alcohol Research (ERAB), personal fees from Cerveceros de Espa\u00f1a, outside the submitted work. Dr Salas-Salavad\u00f3 reports non-financial support from the Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group (DNSG) of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and the Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee of the European Association for the study of Diabetes (EASD) during the conduct of the study, grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, and US National Institutes of Health, other from the Almond Board of California and Patrimonio Comunal Olivarero, personal fees from Danone and the Instituto Danone Spain, and grants and non-financial support from the International Nut and Dried Fruit Council outside the submitted work, and Jordi Salas-Salvad\u00f3 served on the Scientific Committee of the Spanish Food and Safety Agency and the Spanish Federation of the Scientific Societies of Food, Nutrition, and Dietetics. He is a member of the International Carbohydrate Quality Consortium (ICQC). No other potential conflict of interest relevant to this article is reported.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The protocol was approved by the institutional review boards of the participating centres. The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and is registered at controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN35739639.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Institutional review board statement"}},{"value":"All participants provided the written informed consent.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent statement"}},{"value":"The dataset analyzed during the current study is not publicly available due to national data regulations and for ethical reasons, e.g. we do not have the explicit written consent of the study volunteers to make their deidentified data available at the end of the study. However, data described in the manuscript, codebook, and analytic codes will be made available upon request by contacting the PREDIMED Steering Committee (predimed-steering-committe@googlegroups.com). The request will be passed to all the members of the committee for deliberation.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of data and materials"}}]}}