{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T23:32:53Z","timestamp":1788910373664,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]],"date-time":"2022-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]],"date-time":"2022-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"glico nutrition co., ltd., osaka, japan."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study investigates if co-ingestion of cluster dextrin (CDX) augments the appearance of intrinsically labeled meat protein hydrolysate-derived amino acid (D<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>-phenylalanine), Akt\/mTORC1 signaling, and myofibrillar protein fractional synthetic rate <jats:bold>(<\/jats:bold>FSR).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Ten moderately trained healthy males (age: 21.5\u2009\u00b1\u20092.1\u00a0years, body mass: 75.7\u2009\u00b1\u20097.6\u00a0kg, body mass index (BMI): 22.9\u2009\u00b1\u20092.1\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) were included for a double-blinded randomized controlled crossover trial. Either 75\u00a0g of CDX or glucose (GLC) was given in conjunction with meat protein hydrolysate (0.6\u00a0g protein * FFM<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) following a whole-body resistance exercise. A primed-continuous intravenous infusion of L-[<jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>N]-phenylalanine with serial muscle biopsies and venous blood sampling was performed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A time\u2009\u00d7\u2009group interaction effect was found for serum D<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>-phenylalanine enrichment (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Serum EAA and BCAA concentrations showed a main effect for group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). T<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> serum BCAA was greater in CDX as compared to GLC (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). However, iAUC of all serum parameters did not differ between CDX and GLC (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). T<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> serum EAA showed a trend towards a statistical significance favoring CDX over GLC. The phosphorylation of p70S6K<jats:sup>Thr389<\/jats:sup>, rpS6<jats:sup>Ser240\/244<\/jats:sup>, ERK1\/2<jats:sup>Thr202\/Tyr204<\/jats:sup> was greater in CDX compared to GLC (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). However, postprandial myofibrillar FSR did not differ between CDX and GLC (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.17).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In moderately trained younger males, co-ingestion of CDX with meat protein hydrolysate does not augment the postprandial amino acid availability or myofibrillar FSR as compared to co-ingestion of GLC during the recovery from a whole-body resistance exercise despite an increased intramuscular signaling.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03303729 (registered on October 3, 2017).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-021-02782-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]],"date-time":"2022-02-19T16:03:23Z","timestamp":1645286603000},"page":"2475-2491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Co-ingestion of cluster dextrin carbohydrate does not increase exogenous protein-derived amino acid release or myofibrillar protein synthesis following a whole-body resistance exercise in moderately trained younger males: a double-blinded randomized controlled crossover trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"61","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03303729","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8225-7675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikkel","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"B\u00fclow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas Tagmose","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuma","family":"Arimitsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerrit","family":"van Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4392-9616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Holm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2782_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097608","volume":"52","author":"RW Morton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morton RW, Murphy KT, McKellar SR, Schoenfeld BJ, Henselmans M, Helms E, Aragon AA, Devries MC, Banfield L, Krieger JW, Phillips SM (2018) A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adults. Br J Sports Med 52(6):376\u2013384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097608","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2782_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.055517","volume":"99","author":"OC Witard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Witard OC, Jackman SR, Breen L, Smith K, Selby A, Tipton KD (2013) Myofibrillar muscle protein synthesis rates subsequent to a meal in response to increasing doses of whey protein at rest and after resistance exercise\u2013. Am J Clin Nutr 99(1):86\u201395","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2782_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.2.525S","volume":"136","author":"RR Wolfe","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wolfe RR (2006) Skeletal muscle protein metabolism and resistance exercise. J Nutr 136(2):525S-528S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/136.2.525S","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2782_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26401","volume":"89","author":"DR Moore","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moore DR, Robinson MJ, Fry JL, Tang JE, Glover EI, Wilkinson SB, Prior T, Tarnopolsky MA, Phillips SM (2009) Ingested protein dose response of muscle and albumin protein synthesis after resistance exercise in young men. Am J Clin Nutr 89(1):161\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26401","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2782_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E628","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1999.276.4.E628","volume":"276","author":"KD Tipton","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tipton KD, Ferrando AA, Phillips SM, Doyle D Jr, Wolfe RR (1999) Postexercise net protein synthesis in human muscle from orally administered amino acids. Am J Physiol 276(4):E628-634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.1999.276.4.E628","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2782_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.2.250","volume":"78","author":"E Volpi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Volpi E, Kobayashi H, Sheffield-Moore M, Mittendorfer B, Wolfe RR (2003) Essential amino acids are primarily responsible for the amino acid stimulation of muscle protein anabolism in healthy elderly adults. Am J Clin Nutr 78(2):250\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/78.2.250","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"2782_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.134593","volume":"582","author":"S Fujita","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fujita S, Dreyer HC, Drummond MJ, Glynn EL, Cadenas JG, Yoshizawa F, Volpi E, Rasmussen BB (2007) Nutrient signalling in the regulation of human muscle protein synthesis. J Physiol 582(Pt 2):813\u2013823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.134593","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2782_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.3.856S","volume":"131","author":"JC Anthony","year":"2001","unstructured":"Anthony JC, Anthony TG, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS (2001) Signaling pathways involved in translational control of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle by leucine. J Nutr 131(3):856S-860S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/131.3.856S","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2782_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-009-0377-x","volume":"38","author":"PJ Atherton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Atherton PJ, Smith K, Etheridge T, Rankin D, Rennie MJ (2010) Distinct anabolic signalling responses to amino acids in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Amino Acids 38(5):1533\u20131539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00726-009-0377-x","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"5","key":"2782_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.008102","volume":"93","author":"B Pennings","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pennings B, Boirie Y, Senden JM, Gijsen AP, Kuipers H, van Loon LJ (2011) Whey protein stimulates postprandial muscle protein accretion more effectively than do casein and casein hydrolysate in older men. Am J Clin Nutr 93(5):997\u20131005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.110.008102","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"2782_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.050674","volume":"552","author":"J Bohe","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bohe J, Low A, Wolfe RR, Rennie MJ (2003) Human muscle protein synthesis is modulated by extracellular, not intramuscular amino acid availability: a dose-response study. J Physiol 552(Pt 1):315\u2013324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.050674","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2782_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.013722","volume":"94","author":"DW West","year":"2011","unstructured":"West DW, Burd NA, Coffey VG, Baker SK, Burke LM, Hawley JA, Moore DR, Stellingwerff T, Phillips SM (2011) Rapid aminoacidemia enhances myofibrillar protein synthesis and anabolic intramuscular signaling responses after resistance exercise. Am J Clin Nutr 94(3):795\u2013803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.111.013722","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2782_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00076.2009","volume":"107","author":"JE Tang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tang JE, Moore DR, Kujbida GW, Tarnopolsky MA, Phillips SM (2009) Ingestion of whey hydrolysate, casein, or soy protein isolate: effects on mixed muscle protein synthesis at rest and following resistance exercise in young men (Bethesda, Md: 1985). J Appl Physiol 107(3):987\u2013992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00076.2009","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2782_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E231","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00513.2010","volume":"300","author":"S Reitelseder","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reitelseder S, Agergaard J, Doessing S, Helmark IC, Lund P, Kristensen NB, Frystyk J, Flyvbjerg A, Schjerling P, van Hall G, Kjaer M, Holm L (2011) Whey and casein labeled with L-[1-13C]leucine and muscle protein synthesis: effect of resistance exercise and protein ingestion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 300(1):E231-242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00513.2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"2782_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31820751cb","volume":"43","author":"AW Staples","year":"2011","unstructured":"Staples AW, Burd NA, West DW, Currie KD, Atherton PJ, Moore DR, Rennie MJ, Macdonald MJ, Baker SK, Phillips SM (2011) Carbohydrate does not augment exercise-induced protein accretion versus protein alone. Med Sci Sports Exerc 43(7):1154\u20131161","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"6","key":"2782_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3970","volume":"99","author":"SH Gorissen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gorissen SH, Burd NA, Hamer HM, Gijsen AP, Groen BB, van Loon LJ (2014) Carbohydrate coingestion delays dietary protein digestion and absorption but does not modulate postprandial muscle protein accretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99(6):2250\u20132258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2013-3970","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2782_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E833","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00135.2007","volume":"293","author":"R Koopman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Koopman R, Beelen M, Stellingwerff T, Pennings B, Saris WH, Kies AK, Kuipers H, van Loon LJ (2007) Coingestion of carbohydrate with protein does not further augment postexercise muscle protein synthesis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 293(3):E833-842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00135.2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"2782_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.017","volume":"39","author":"S Reitelseder","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reitelseder S, Tranberg B, Agergaard J, Dideriksen K, Hojfeldt G, Merry ME, Storm AC, Poulsen KR, Hansen ET, van Hall G, Lund P, Holm L (2020) Phenylalanine stable isotope tracer labeling of cow milk and meat and human experimental applications to study dietary protein-derived amino acid availability. Clin Nutr (Edinburgh, Scotland) 39(12):3652\u20133662. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.03.017","journal-title":"Clin Nutr (Edinburgh, Scotland)"},{"issue":"10","key":"2782_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10101543","volume":"10","author":"N Yoshii","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yoshii N, Sato K, Ogasawara R, Nishimura Y, Shinohara Y, Fujita S (2018) Effect of mixed meal and leucine intake on plasma amino acid concentrations in young men. Nutrients 10(10):1543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10101543","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"2782_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/s0261-5614(95)80053-0","volume":"14","author":"NE Deutz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Deutz NE, Ten Have GA, Soeters PB, Moughan PJ (1995) Increased intestinal amino-acid retention from the addition of carbohydrates to a meal. Clin Nutr (Edinburgh, Scotland) 14(6):354\u2013364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0261-5614(95)80053-0","journal-title":"Clin Nutr (Edinburgh, Scotland)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2782_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.05.029","volume":"37","author":"IY Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim IY, Deutz NEP, Wolfe RR (2018) Update on maximal anabolic response to dietary protein. Clin Nutr (Edinburgh, Scotland) 37(2):411\u2013418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.05.029","journal-title":"Clin Nutr (Edinburgh, Scotland)"},{"key":"2782_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422421000329","author":"Y Nishimura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nishimura Y, H\u00f8jfeldt G, Breen L, Tetens I, Holm L (2021) Dietary protein requirements and recommendations for healthy older adults\u2013a critical narrative review of the scientific evidence. Nutr Res Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954422421000329","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2782_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R25","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0902","volume":"173","author":"J Trommelen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Trommelen J, Groen BB, Hamer HM, de Groot LC, van Loon LJ (2015) Mechanisms in endocrinology: exogenous insulin does not increase muscle protein synthesis rate when administered systemically: a systematic review. Eur J Endocrinol 173(1):R25-34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EJE-14-0902","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2782_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.6.1600-1606.1996","volume":"178","author":"H Takata","year":"1996","unstructured":"Takata H, Takaha T, Okada S, Takagi M, Imanaka T (1996) Cyclization reaction catalyzed by branching enzyme. J Bacteriol 178(6):1600\u20131606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.178.6.1600-1606.1996","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2782_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.63.2045","volume":"63","author":"H Takii","year":"1999","unstructured":"Takii H, Ishihara K, Kometani T, Okada S, Fushiki T (1999) Enhancement of swimming endurance in mice by highly branched cyclic dextrin. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 63(12):2045\u20132052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1271\/bbb.63.2045","journal-title":"Biosci Biotechnol Biochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"2782_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0922-338X(97)82539-1","volume":"84","author":"H Takata","year":"1997","unstructured":"Takata H, Takaha T, Nakamura H, Fujii K, Okada S, Takagi M, Imanaka T (1997) Production and some properties of a dextrin with a narrow size distribution by the cyclization reaction of branching enzyme. J Ferment Bioeng 84(2):119\u2013123","journal-title":"J Ferment Bioeng"},{"issue":"4","key":"2782_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-820999","volume":"26","author":"H Takii","year":"2005","unstructured":"Takii H, Takii Nagao Y, Kometani T, Nishimura T, Nakae T, Kuriki T, Fushiki T (2005) Fluids containing a highly branched cyclic dextrin influence the gastric emptying rate. Int J Sports Med 26(4):314\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2004-820999","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"2782_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12893","author":"LS Macnaughton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Macnaughton LS, Wardle SL, Witard OC, McGlory C, Hamilton DL, Jeromson S, Lawrence CE, Wallis GA, Tipton KD (2016) The response of muscle protein synthesis following whole-body resistance exercise is greater following 40 g than 20 g of ingested whey protein. Physiol Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14814\/phy2.12893","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"2782_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.3109\/00365517509095787","volume":"35","author":"J Bergstrom","year":"1975","unstructured":"Bergstrom J (1975) Percutaneous needle biopsy of skeletal muscle in physiological and clinical research. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 35(7):609\u2013616","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"2782_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2014.01.019","volume":"951","author":"A Born\u00f8","year":"2014","unstructured":"Born\u00f8 A, van Hall G (2014) Quantitative amino acid profiling and stable isotopically labeled amino acid tracer enrichment used for in vivo human systemic and tissue kinetics measurements. J Chromatogr B 951:69\u201377","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B"},{"issue":"8","key":"2782_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.3387","volume":"49","author":"A Borno","year":"2014","unstructured":"Borno A, Hulston CJ, van Hall G (2014) Determination of human muscle protein fractional synthesis rate: an evaluation of different mass spectrometry techniques and considerations for tracer choice. J Mass Spectrom 49(8):674\u2013680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jms.3387","journal-title":"J Mass Spectrom"},{"issue":"6","key":"2782_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E564","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00362.2017","volume":"314","author":"K Kido","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kido K, Ato S, Yokokawa T, Sato K, Fujita S (2018) Resistance training recovers attenuated APPL1 expression and improves insulin-induced Akt signal activation in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 314(6):E564\u2013E571. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00362.2017","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2782_CR33","volume-title":"Isotope tracers in metabolic research: principles and practice of kinetic analysis","author":"RR Wolfe","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wolfe RR, Chinkes DL (2004) Isotope tracers in metabolic research: principles and practice of kinetic analysis. John Wiley & Sons"},{"issue":"10","key":"2782_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511007422","volume":"108","author":"Y Yang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yang Y, Breen L, Burd NA, Hector AJ, Churchward-Venne TA, Josse AR, Tarnopolsky MA, Phillips SM (2012) Resistance exercise enhances myofibrillar protein synthesis with graded intakes of whey protein in older men. Br J Nutr 108(10):1780\u20131788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0007114511007422","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2782_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E392","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00582.2007","volume":"294","author":"HC Dreyer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dreyer HC, Drummond MJ, Pennings B, Fujita S, Glynn EL, Chinkes DL, Dhanani S, Volpi E, Rasmussen BB (2008) Leucine-enriched essential amino acid and carbohydrate ingestion following resistance exercise enhances mTOR signaling and protein synthesis in human muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 294(2):E392-400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00582.2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2782_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00021.2008","volume":"104","author":"MJ Drummond","year":"2008","unstructured":"Drummond MJ, Dreyer HC, Pennings B, Fry CS, Dhanani S, Dillon EL, Sheffield-Moore M, Volpi E, Rasmussen BB (2008) Skeletal muscle protein anabolic response to resistance exercise and essential amino acids is delayed with aging. J Appl Physiol 104(5):1452\u20131461","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2782_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E603","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.91002.2008","volume":"296","author":"HS Hundal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hundal HS, Taylor PM (2009) Amino acid transceptors: gate keepers of nutrient exchange and regulators of nutrient signaling. Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab 296(4):E603\u2013E613","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2782_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.3136\/fstr.10.428","volume":"10","author":"H Takii","year":"2004","unstructured":"Takii H, Kometani T, Nishimura T, Kuriki T, Fushiki T (2004) A sports drink based on highly branched cyclic dextrin generates few gastrointestinal disorders in untrained men during bicycle exercise. Food Sci Technol Res 10(4):428\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3136\/fstr.10.428","journal-title":"Food Sci Technol Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"2782_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1080\/09168451.2014.943654","volume":"78","author":"T Furuyashiki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Furuyashiki T, Tanimoto H, Yokoyama Y, Kitaura Y, Kuriki T, Shimomura Y (2014) Effects of ingesting highly branched cyclic dextrin during endurance exercise on rating of perceived exertion and blood components associated with energy metabolism. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 78(12):2117\u20132119","journal-title":"Biosci Biotechnol Biochem"},{"issue":"Supplement 2","key":"2782_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-S006","volume":"55","author":"P Newsholme","year":"2006","unstructured":"Newsholme P, Brennan L, Bender K (2006) Amino acid metabolism, \u03b2-cell function, and diabetes. Diabetes 55(Supplement 2):S39\u2013S47","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"2782_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113132","volume":"80","author":"K Lundholm","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lundholm K, Benneg\u00e5rd K, Zachrisson H, Lundgren F, Eden E, M\u00f6ller-Loswick A (1987) Transport kinetics of amino acids across the resting human leg. J Clin Investig 80(3):763\u2013771","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"1","key":"2782_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3751-0","volume":"59","author":"H Abdulla","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abdulla H, Smith K, Atherton PJ, Idris I (2016) Role of insulin in the regulation of human skeletal muscle protein synthesis and breakdown: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia 59(1):44\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-015-3751-0","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2782_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-017-0184-9","volume":"14","author":"RR Wolfe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wolfe RR (2017) Branched-chain amino acids and muscle protein synthesis in humans: myth or reality? J Int Soc Sports Nutr 14:30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12970-017-0184-9","journal-title":"J Int Soc Sports Nutr"},{"issue":"11","key":"2782_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1101-1014","volume":"3","author":"SC Bodine","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bodine SC, Stitt TN, Gonzalez M, Kline WO, Stover GL, Bauerlein R, Zlotchenko E, Scrimgeour A, Lawrence JC, Glass DJ, Yancopoulos GD (2001) Akt\/mTOR pathway is a crucial regulator of skeletal muscle hypertrophy and can prevent muscle atrophy in vivo. Nat Cell Biol 3(11):1014\u20131019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncb1101-1014","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2782_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C120","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1999.276.1.C120","volume":"276","author":"K Baar","year":"1999","unstructured":"Baar K, Esser K (1999) Phosphorylation of p70(S6k) correlates with increased skeletal muscle mass following resistance exercise. Am J Physiol 276(1):C120-127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpcell.1999.276.1.C120","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2782_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-2640fje","volume":"19","author":"D Cuthbertson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cuthbertson D, Smith K, Babraj J, Leese G, Waddell T, Atherton P, Wackerhage H, Taylor PM, Rennie MJ (2005) Anabolic signaling deficits underlie amino acid resistance of wasting, aging muscle. FASEB J: Off Publ Fed Am Soc Exp Biol 19(3):422\u2013424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.04-2640fje","journal-title":"FASEB J: Off Publ Fed Am Soc Exp Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2782_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29819","volume":"92","author":"PJ Atherton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Atherton PJ, Etheridge T, Watt PW, Wilkinson D, Selby A, Rankin D, Smith K, Rennie MJ (2010) Muscle full effect after oral protein: time-dependent concordance and discordance between human muscle protein synthesis and mTORC1 signaling. Am J Clin Nutr 92(5):1080\u20131088. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29819","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2782_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.139485","volume":"141","author":"JM Dickinson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dickinson JM, Fry CS, Drummond MJ, Gundermann DM, Walker DK, Glynn EL, Timmerman KL, Dhanani S, Volpi E, Rasmussen BB (2011) Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 activation is required for the stimulation of human skeletal muscle protein synthesis by essential amino acids. J Nutr 141(5):856\u2013862. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/jn.111.139485","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2782_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E731","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00415.2005","volume":"290","author":"DJ Cuthbertson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cuthbertson DJ, Babraj J, Smith K, Wilkes E, Fedele MJ, Esser K, Rennie M (2006) Anabolic signaling and protein synthesis in human skeletal muscle after dynamic shortening or lengthening exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 290(4):E731-738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00415.2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"2782_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.113175","volume":"576","author":"HC Dreyer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dreyer HC, Fujita S, Cadenas JG, Chinkes DL, Volpi E, Rasmussen BB (2006) Resistance exercise increases AMPK activity and reduces 4E-BP1 phosphorylation and protein synthesis in human skeletal muscle. J Physiol 576(Pt 2):613\u2013624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.113175","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2782_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.164483","volume":"587","author":"V Kumar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kumar V, Selby A, Rankin D, Patel R, Atherton P, Hildebrandt W, Williams J, Smith K, Seynnes O, Hiscock N, Rennie MJ (2009) Age-related differences in the dose-response relationship of muscle protein synthesis to resistance exercise in young and old men. J Physiol 587(1):211\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.164483","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2782_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/2044-5040-1-11","volume":"1","author":"CS Fry","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fry CS, Drummond MJ, Glynn EL, Dickinson JM, Gundermann DM, Timmerman KL, Walker DK, Dhanani S, Volpi E, Rasmussen BB (2011) Aging impairs contraction-induced human skeletal muscle mTORC1 signaling and protein synthesis. Skeletal muscle 1(1):11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2044-5040-1-11","journal-title":"Skeletal muscle"},{"issue":"8","key":"2782_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.8.1880","volume":"137","author":"R Koopman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Koopman R, Pennings B, Zorenc AH, Van Loon LJ (2007) Protein ingestion further augments S6K1 phosphorylation in skeletal muscle following resistance type exercise in males. J Nutr 137(8):1880\u20131886","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"12","key":"2782_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1056","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00481.2014","volume":"308","author":"SS Bukhari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bukhari SS, Phillips BE, Wilkinson DJ, Limb MC, Rankin D, Mitchell WK, Kobayashi H, Greenhaff PL, Smith K, Atherton PJ (2015) Intake of low-dose leucine-rich essential amino acids stimulates muscle anabolism equivalently to bolus whey protein in older women at rest and after exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 308(12):E1056-1065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00481.2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2782_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.10.013","volume":"29","author":"MD Neinast","year":"2019","unstructured":"Neinast MD, Jang C, Hui S, Murashige DS, Chu Q, Morscher RJ, Li X, Zhan L, White E, Anthony TG, Rabinowitz JD, Arany Z (2019) Quantitative analysis of the whole-body metabolic fate of branched-chain amino acids. Cell Metab 29(2):417-429.e414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.10.013","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2782_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E595","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90411.2008","volume":"295","author":"PL Greenhaff","year":"2008","unstructured":"Greenhaff PL, Karagounis LG, Peirce N, Simpson EJ, Hazell M, Layfield R, Wackerhage H, Smith K, Atherton P, Selby A, Rennie MJ (2008) Disassociation between the effects of amino acids and insulin on signaling, ubiquitin ligases, and protein turnover in human muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 295(3):E595-604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.90411.2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00394-021-02782-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00394-021-02782-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00394-021-02782-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T09:12:34Z","timestamp":1657703554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00394-021-02782-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2782"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-021-02782-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-6207","1436-6215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-6207","type":"print"},{"value":"1436-6215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 August 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Capital Region (H-17017363) and adhered with the Helsinki II declaration.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Before inclusion, each participant was informed of the purpose of the study, experimental procedures, and potential risks prior to obtaining written informed consent.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors read the final version of the manuscript and approved for publication.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}