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Supplements were ingested 60\u00a0min before performing a countermovement jump (CMJ) test (outcomes included jump height, rate of force development, peak force, and peak power), one-repetition maximum (1RM) squat and bench press, and repetitions to muscular failure in the squat and bench press with 60% of 1RM. Pain perception was evaluated following the repetitions to failure tests. The study was registered at ISRCTN (registration number: ISRCTN11694009).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Compared to the placebo condition, isolated caffeine ingestion and co-ingestion of caffeine and CitMal significantly enhanced strength in 1RM bench press (Cohen\u2019s <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>: 0.05\u20130.06; 2.5\u20132.7%), muscular endurance in the squat (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>: 0.46\u20130.58; 18.6\u201318.7%) and bench press (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>: 0.48\u20130.64; 9.3\u20139.5%). However, there was no significant difference between isolated caffeine ingestion and caffeine co-ingested with CitMal, and isolated CitMal supplementation did not have an ergogenic effect in any outcome. No main effect of condition was found in the analysis for CMJ-derived variables, 1RM squat and pain perception.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Caffeine ingestion appears to be ergogenic for muscular strength and muscular endurance, while adding CitMal does not seem to further enhance these effects.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-023-03212-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T06:02:40Z","timestamp":1689314560000},"page":"2963-2975","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effect of isolated and combined ingestion of caffeine and citrulline malate on resistance exercise and jumping performance: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0797-664X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus Estifanos","family":"Haugen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrik Tonstad","family":"V\u00e5rvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jozo","family":"Grgic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Studsrud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Espen","family":"Austheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik Mathias","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hallvard Nygaard","family":"Falch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stian","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"van den Tillaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Bj\u00f8rnsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"3212_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020286","author":"M Aguilar-Navarro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aguilar-Navarro M, Mu\u00f1oz G, Salinero JJ et al (2019) Urine caffeine concentration in doping control samples from 2004 to 2015. 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