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This study aimed to investigate vitamin D status, its association with muscle mass and function, and other potential determinants such as age, sex, lifestyle factors (physical activity, dietary behavior), self-perceived health status, medication intake, education and financial situation in adults from Kosovo.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This cross-sectional study included 297 participants (54.5% women), aged\u2009\u2265\u200940\u00a0years. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration, hand grip strength and physical performance tests, body composition, vitamin D dietary intake and knowledge were assessed. The interaction between serum 25(OH)D status, lifestyle factors and muscle traits was investigated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency (&lt;\u200950\u00a0nmol\/L) was observed in 47.5% of the total population, of whom 14.7% of them were severely deficient (&lt;\u200930\u00a0nmol\/L). No associations were found between 25(OH)D concentration and age. Daily dietary intake of\u00a0vitamin D was low (1.89 \u00b1 0.67\u00a0\u00b5g) and 87.6% of individuals did not take vitamin D supplements. However, vitamin D supplementation was the only variable that added statistical significance (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) to the prediction of vitamin D status (3.8%). On the other hand, age, medication intake and vitamin D level contributed significantly to the overall regression model, explaining 24.9% of the 30-s chair\u00a0stand performance as an indicator of lower-body strength endurance.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among community-dwelling adults in Kosovo and low serum 25(OH)D has been associated with low muscle strength. This implies an urgent need for the development of comprehensive prevention strategies, focusing on pharmacological (supplementation) but also\u00a0on non-pharmacological strategies such as education, food\u00a0fortification or lifestyle advices.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-023-03303-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T17:03:03Z","timestamp":1704819783000},"page":"821-834","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Association between vitamin D status, physical performance, sex, and lifestyle factors: a cross-sectional study of community-dwelling Kosovar adults aged 40\u00a0years and older"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2586-0934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ermira","family":"Krasniqi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4343-9366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arben","family":"Boshnjaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4128-0769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antigona","family":"Uk\u00ebhaxhaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1683-7265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl-Heinz","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9061-7914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Wessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"3303_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2023.8145","volume":"21","author":"TD FoodAllergens","year":"2023","unstructured":"Efsa Panel on Nutrition NF, FoodAllergens TD, Bohn T, Castenmiller J, de Henauw S, Hirsch-Ernst KI, Knutsen HK, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Vinceti M, Lanham-New S, Passeri G, Craciun I, Fabiani L, De Sousa RF, Martino L, Martinez SV, Naska A (2023) Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for vitamin D, including the derivation of a conversion factor for calcidiol monohydrate. 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