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However, short-term studies focusing on a younger population are lacking. Therefore, short-term effects of <jats:italic>Aronia melanocarpa<\/jats:italic> extract (AME) supplementation on cognitive performance were investigated in healthy young adults. Potential underlying mechanisms were also addressed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study was performed involving 35 apparently healthy young adults. Participants consumed AME (180\u00a0mg anthocyanins\/day) or a placebo for 1\u00a0week, separated by at least 2\u00a0weeks of wash-out. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Furthermore, arterial stiffness (carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity), retinal microvascular calibers (fundus photography), and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations were measured at baseline and after 1\u00a0week.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Participants had a mean age of 25\u2009\u00b1\u20094\u00a0years and an average BMI of 23.4\u2009\u00b1\u20092.7\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. Compliance was excellent and the study product was well-tolerated. As compared to placebo, movement time was significantly reduced by 4.8% within the five-choice reaction time test after 1\u00a0week of AME supplementation (intervention effect: \u2013\u00a012\u00a0ms; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Memory and executive function did however not change. Serum BDNF concentrations were significantly higher after AME supplementation as compared to placebo (+\u20095.7%; intervention effect: 1.8\u00a0ng\/mL; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). However, arterial stiffness and retinal microvascular calibers were not affected.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Short-term AME supplementation beneficially affected cognitive performance as attention and psychomotor speed improved. Serum BDNF concentrations were increased, but vascular function markers were not affected.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study was registered on Clinical Trials under NCT03793777 on January 4th, 2019.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-024-03381-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T15:01:56Z","timestamp":1713970916000},"page":"1545-1553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Short-term Aronia melanocarpa extract supplementation improves cognitive performance: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study in healthy young adults"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"63","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03793777","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8194-529X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanne","family":"Ahles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6852-5776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter J.","family":"Joris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1570-9608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jogchum","family":"Plat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"3381_CR1","unstructured":"Risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia: WHO guidelines. 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