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Previous findings suggest that energy availability (EA) status is strongly correlated with impairments in endocrine function such as reduced leptin, triiodothyronine (T<jats:sub>3)<\/jats:sub>, and insulin, and elevated bone loss. This study aimed to report the current EA status, endocrine function and bone health of highly trained Irish male endurance athletes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093 triathletes; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910 runners) completed a 7-day testing period during the competition season using lab-based measures, to ascertain EA status, hormone level and rates of bone metabolism. Serum blood samples were obtained to assess hormone levels and markers of bone metabolism.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Mean EA was\u2009&lt;\u200930\u00a0kcal\/kg lean body mass (LBM)\/day in 76.9% of athletes. There was a strong association between LEA and low carbohydrate intake, and lower LBM. Mean levels of insulin, IGF-1 and leptin were significantly lower than their reference ranges. Elevated mean concentrations of \u03b2-CTX and a mean P1NP: \u03b2-CTX ratio\u2009&lt;\u2009100, indicated a state of bone resorption.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The EA level, carbohydrate intake, hormone status and bone metabolism status of highly trained male endurance athletes are a concern. Based on the findings of this study, more frequent assessment of EA across a season is recommended to monitor the status of male endurance athletes, in conjunction with nutritional education specific to EA and the associated risks.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-024-03433-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T12:02:20Z","timestamp":1719921740000},"page":"2655-2665","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Measurement of\u00a0energy availability in highly trained male endurance athletes and examination of its associations with bone health and endocrine function"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7863-9053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy","family":"McGuire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giles","family":"Warrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorna","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"3433_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.040410","volume":"19","author":"R Ihle","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ihle R, Loucks AB (2004) Dose-response relationships between energy availability and bone turnover in young exercising women. 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