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A linear mixed-effect model was used to model the association of serum 25(OH)D as independent variable and z-scores of inflammatory markers [CRP, cytokines, adipokines, combined inflammation score] as dependent variables, where one level accounts for differences between individuals and the other for changes over age within individuals.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 1,582 children were included in the study. In the adjusted model, 25(OH)D levels were positively associated with adiponectin (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.11 [95% CI 0.07; 0.16]) and negatively with the inflammation score (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.24 [95% CI \u2212\u20090.40; \u2212\u20090.08]) indicating that the adiponectin z-score increased by 0.11 units and the inflammation score decreased by 0.24 units per 12.5\u00a0nmol\/l increase in 25(OH)D. In children with overweight or obesity, only a positive association between 25(OH)D and IP-10 was observed while in children with normal weight adiponectin was positively and the inflammation score was negatively associated. Associations of vitamin D with adiponectin and the inflammation score were stronger in girls than in boys and a positive association with TNF-\u03b1 was observed only in girls.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our results suggest that an increase in vitamin D concentrations may help to regulate inflammatory biomarkers. However, it seems to be no benefit of a better vitamin D status in children with overweight\/obesity unless their weight is managed to achieve an improved inflammatory marker status.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-024-03488-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T20:29:31Z","timestamp":1725481771000},"page":"3047-3060","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Longitudinal associations between vitamin D status and biomarkers of inflammation in a pan-European cohort of children and adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4943-2141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maike","family":"Wolters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronja","family":"Foraita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis A.","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9nes","family":"Moln\u00e1r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Tornaritis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefaan","family":"De Henauw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Lissner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toomas","family":"Veidebaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Marron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajini","family":"Nagrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"IDEFICS\u00a0and I.Family consortia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"3488_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2014.130","volume":"38","author":"W Ahrens","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ahrens W, Moreno LA, M\u00e5rild S, Moln\u00e1r D, Siani A, De Henauw S, B\u00f6hmann J, G\u00fcnther K, Hadjigeorgiou C, Iacoviello L, Lissner L, Veidebaum T, Pohlabeln H, Pigeot I (2014) Metabolic syndrome in young children: definitions and results of the IDEFICS study. 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