{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:14:36Z","timestamp":1791645276574,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-024-03575-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T12:04:55Z","timestamp":1735905895000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The effects of dietary protein on physical performance and body composition in middle age and older people having type II diabetes mellitus: a randomized pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Dionysia","family":"Argyropoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzortzis","family":"Nomikos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerasimos","family":"Terzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sotiria","family":"Tataki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nickos D.","family":"Geladas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9469-0457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vassilis","family":"Paschalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3575_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.00540.x","volume":"54","author":"I Janssen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Janssen I (2006) Influence of sarcopenia on the development of physical disability: the Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 54(1):56\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.00540.x","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"3575_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.5.953","volume":"81","author":"KS Nair","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nair KS (2005) Aging muscle. Am J Clin Nutr 81(5):953\u2013963. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/81.5.953","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"3575_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.05.004","volume":"14","author":"F Landi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Landi F, Onder G, Bernabei R (2013) Sarcopenia and diabetes: two sides of the same coin. J Am Med Dir Assoc 14(8):540\u2013541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.05.004","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"3575_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12365","volume":"6","author":"H Umegaki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Umegaki H (2015) Sarcopenia and diabetes: hyperglycemia is a risk factor for age-associated muscle mass and functional reduction. J Diabetes Invest 6(6):623\u2013624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdi.12365","journal-title":"J Diabetes Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"3575_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk7020048","volume":"7","author":"D Argyropoulou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Argyropoulou D, Geladas ND, Nomikos T, Paschalis V (2022) Exercise and nutrition strategies for combating sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes mellitus in older adults. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 7(2):48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jfmk7020048","journal-title":"J Funct Morphol Kinesiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3575_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1159\/000356760o","volume":"60","author":"S Ali","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ali S, Garcia JM (2014) Sarcopenia, cachexia and aging: diagnosis, mechanisms and therapeutic options - a mini-review. Gerontology 60(4):294\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000356760o","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"issue":"7","key":"3575_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02982703","volume":"12","author":"AA Sayer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sayer AA, Syddall H, Martin H, Patel H, Baylis D, Cooper C (2008) The developmental origins of sarcopenia. J Nutr Health Aging 12(7):427\u2013432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02982703","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"issue":"6","key":"3575_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glt131","volume":"69","author":"RA Murphy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Murphy RA, Ip EH, Zhang Q, Boudreau RM, Cawthon PM, Newman AB, Tylavsky FA, Visser M, Goodpaster BH, Harris TB, Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study (2014) Transition to sarcopenia and determinants of transitions in older adults: a population-based study. J Gerontol A 69(6):751\u2013758. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glt131","journal-title":"J Gerontol A"},{"issue":"1","key":"3575_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2991\/jegh.k.191028.001","volume":"10","author":"MAB Khan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khan MAB, Hashim MJ, King JK, Govender RD, Mustafa H, Al Kaabi J (2020) Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes - global burden of disease and forecasted trends. J Epidemiol Glob Health 10(1):107\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2991\/jegh.k.191028.001","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"3575_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-S002","volume":"47","author":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee","year":"2024","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (2024) Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes. Diabetes Care 47(Suppl 1):S20\u2013S42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc24-S002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"3575_CR11","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2004) Diabetes action now: an initiative of the World Health Organization and the International Diabetes Federation"},{"issue":"17","key":"3575_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6275","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176275","volume":"21","author":"U Galicia-Garcia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Galicia-Garcia U, Benito-Vicente A, Jebari S, Larrea-Sebal A, Siddiqi H, Uribe KB, Ostolaza H, Mart\u00edn C (2020) Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 21(17):6275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21176275","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"3575_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051293","volume":"12","author":"SK Papadopoulou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Papadopoulou SK (2020) Sarcopenia: a contemporary health problem among older adult populations. Nutrients 12(5):1293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12051293","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"11","key":"3575_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0264","volume":"32","author":"SW Park","year":"2009","unstructured":"Park SW, Goodpaster BH, Lee JS, Kuller LH, Boudreau R, de Rekeneire N, Harris TB, Kritchevsky S, Tylavsky FA, Nevitt M, Cho YW, Newman AB (2009) Excessive loss of skeletal muscle mass in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 32(11):1993\u20131997. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc09-0264","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"3575_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.681232","volume":"8","author":"SM Chung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chung SM, Moon JS, Chang MC (2021) Prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with diabetes: a meta-analysis of community-dwelling asian population. Front Med 8:681232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.681232","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"3575_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38937","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38937","volume":"6","author":"T Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang T, Feng X, Zhou J, Gong H, Xia S, Wei Q, Hu X, Tao R, Li L, Qian F, Yu L (2016) Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with increased risks of sarcopenia and pre-sarcopenia in Chinese elderly. Sci Rep 6:38937. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep38937","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"3575_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000018708","volume":"99","author":"M Cui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cui M, Gang X, Wang G, Xiao X, Li Z, Jiang Z, Wang G (2020) A cross-sectional study: associations between sarcopenia and clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes. Medicine 99(2):e18708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000018708","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"3575_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-1732","volume":"40","author":"PG Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee PG, Halter JB (2017) The pathophysiology of hyperglycemia in older adults: clinical considerations. Diabetes Care 40(4):444\u2013452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc16-1732","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"3575_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2010.04.014","volume":"11","author":"JE Morley","year":"2010","unstructured":"Morley JE, Argiles JM, Evans WJ, Bhasin S, Cella D, Deutz NE, Doehner W, Fearon KC, Ferrucci L, Hellerstein MK, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Lochs H, MacDonald N, Mulligan K, Muscaritoli M, Ponikowski P, Posthauer ME, Rossi Fanelli F, Schambelan M, Schols AM, Schuster MW, Anker SD, Society for Sarcopenia, Cachexia, and Wasting Disease (2010) Nutritional recommendations for the management of sarcopenia. J Am Med Directors Assoc 11(6):391\u2013396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2010.04.014","journal-title":"J Am Med Directors Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"3575_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12164","volume":"5","author":"JH Huang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huang JH, Cheng FC, Tsai LC, Lee NY, Lu YF (2014) Appropriate physical activity and dietary intake achieve optimal metabolic control in older type 2 diabetes patients. J Diabetes Invest 5(4):418\u2013427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdi.12164","journal-title":"J Diabetes Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"3575_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.01.001","volume":"27","author":"E B\u00f8rsheim","year":"2008","unstructured":"B\u00f8rsheim E, Bui QU, Tissier S, Kobayashi H, Ferrando AA, Wolfe RR (2008) Effect of amino acid supplementation on muscle mass, strength and physical function in elderly. Clin Nutr 27(2):189\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.01.001","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"3575_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14851","volume":"39","author":"J Henson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Henson J, Arsenyadis F, Redman E, Brady EM, Coull NA, Edwardson CL, Hall AP, James LJ, Khunti K, Rowlands AV, Stevenson EJ, West DJ, Davies MJ, Yates T (2022) Relative protein intake and associations with markers of physical function in those with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic Med 39(8):e14851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.14851","journal-title":"Diabetic Med"},{"key":"3575_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111269","volume":"91\u201392","author":"LC Chan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chan LC, Yang YC, Lin HC, Wahlqvist ML, Hung YJ, Lee MS (2021) Nutrition counseling is associated with less sarcopenia in diabetes: A cross-sectional and retrospective cohort study. Nutrition 91\u201392:111269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nut.2021.111269","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"4","key":"3575_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.08.016","volume":"37","author":"SM Robinson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Robinson SM, Reginster JY, Rizzoli R, Shaw SC, Kanis JA, Bautmans I, Bischoff-Ferrari H, Bruy\u00e8re O, Cesari M, Dawson-Hughes B, Fielding RA, Kaufman JM, Landi F, Malafarina V, Rolland Y, van Loon LJ, Vellas B, Visser M, Cooper C (2018) Does nutrition play a role in the prevention and management of sarcopenia? Clin Nutr 37(4):1121\u20131132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.08.016","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"3575_CR25","unstructured":"Joint WHO\/FAO\/UNU Expert Consultation (2007) Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition. World Health Organization technical report series, 935"},{"issue":"3","key":"3575_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665123003555","volume":"82","author":"CH Murphy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Murphy CH, McCarthy SN, Roche HM (2023) Nutrition strategies to counteract sarcopenia: a focus on protein, LC n-3 PUFA and precision nutrition. Proc Nutr Soc 82(3):419\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0029665123003555","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"issue":"8","key":"3575_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.05.021","volume":"14","author":"J Bauer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bauer J, Biolo G, Cederholm T, Cesari M, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Morley JE, Phillips S, Sieber C, Stehle P, Teta D, Visvanathan R, Volpi E, Boirie Y (2013) Evidence-based recommendations for optimal dietary protein intake in older people: a position paper from the PROT-AGE Study Group. J Am Med Dir Assoc 14(8):542\u2013559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.05.021","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"8","key":"3575_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2012.07.005","volume":"13","author":"M Tieland","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tieland M, van de Rest O, Dirks ML, van der Zwaluw N, Mensink M, van Loon LJ, de Groot LC (2012) Protein supplementation improves physical performance in frail elderly people: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc 13(8):720\u2013726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2012.07.005","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"3575_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.1.150","volume":"87","author":"DK Houston","year":"2008","unstructured":"Houston DK, Nicklas BJ, Ding J, Harris TB, Tylavsky FA, Newman AB, Lee JS, Sahyoun NR, Visser M, Kritchevsky SB, Health ABC Study (2008) Dietary protein intake is associated with lean mass change in older, community-dwelling adults: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study. Am J Clin Nutr 87(1):150\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/87.1.150","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"3575_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afz046","volume":"48","author":"AJ Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, Bruy\u00e8re O, Cederholm T, Cooper C, Landi F, Rolland Y, Sayer AA, Schneider SM, Sieber CC, Topinkova E, Vandewoude M, Visser M, Zamboni M, Writing Group for the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2), and the Extended Group for EWGSOP2 (2019) Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing 48(4):601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afz046","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"12A","key":"3575_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980011002515","volume":"14","author":"A Bach-Faig","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bach-Faig A, Berry EM, Lairon D, Reguant J, Trichopoulou A, Dernini S, Medina FX, Battino M, Belahsen R, Miranda G, Serra-Majem L, Mediterranean Diet Foundation Expert Group (2011) Mediterranean diet pyramid today. Sci Cult Updates Public Health Nutr 14(12A):2274\u20132284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1368980011002515","journal-title":"Sci Cult Updates Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"3575_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119946045.ch59","volume-title":"Present knowledge in nutrition","author":"WA van Staveren","year":"2012","unstructured":"van Staveren WA, Ock\u00e9 MC, de Vries JH (2012) Estimation of dietary intake. In: Erdman JW Jr, Macdonald IA, Zeisel SH (eds) Present knowledge in nutrition. International Life Sciences Institute, Washington DC, pp 1012\u20131026"},{"key":"3575_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2023.105547","volume":"123","author":"DG Rhodes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rhodes DG, Morton S, Myrowitz R, Moshfegh AJ (2023) Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies 2019\u20132020: an application database for national dietary surveillance. J Food Compos Anal 123:105547","journal-title":"J Food Compos Anal"},{"issue":"4","key":"3575_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2002439","volume":"6","author":"NJ Wareham","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wareham NJ, Jakes RW, Rennie KL, Schuit J, Mitchell J, Hennings S, Day NE (2003) Validity and repeatability of a simple index derived from the short physical activity questionnaire used in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Public Health Nutr 6(4):407\u2013413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/PHN2002439","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"3575_CR35","unstructured":"Health Canada Reference Guide to Understanding and Using the Data\u20142015 Canadian Community Health Survey\u2014Nutrition (2017) https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/food-nutrition\/food-nutrition-surveillance\/health-nutrition-surveys\/canadian-community-health-survey-cchs\/reference-guide-understanding-using-data-2015.html"},{"issue":"10","key":"3575_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.11124\/jbisrir-2015-2256","volume":"13","author":"B Fox","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fox B, Henwood T, Schaap L, Bruy\u00e8re O, Reginster JY, Beaudart C, Buckinx F, Roberts H, Cooper C, Cherubini A, dell\u2019Aquilla G, Maggio M, Volpato S (2015) Adherence to a standardized protocol for measuring grip strength and appropriate cut-off values in adults over 65 years with sarcopenia: a systematic review protocol. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep 13(10):50\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11124\/jbisrir-2015-2256","journal-title":"JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"3575_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M539","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/57.8.m539","volume":"57","author":"SR Lord","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lord SR, Murray SM, Chapman K, Munro B, Tiedemann A (2002) Sit-to-stand performance depends on sensation, speed, balance, and psychological status in addition to strength in older people. J Gerontol A 57(8):M539\u2013M543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/57.8.m539","journal-title":"J Gerontol A"},{"issue":"3","key":"3575_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1080\/0361073X.2018.1449591","volume":"44","author":"AB Gadelha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gadelha AB, Neri SGR, Oliveira RJ, Bottaro M, David AC, Vainshelboim B, Lima RM (2018) Severity of sarcopenia is associated with postural balance and risk of falls in community-dwelling older women. Exp Aging Res 44(3):258\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0361073X.2018.1449591","journal-title":"Exp Aging Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"3575_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afq034","volume":"39","author":"AJ Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, Boirie Y, Cederholm T, Landi F, Martin FC, Michel JP, Rolland Y, Schneider SM, Topinkov\u00e1 E, Vandewoude M, Zamboni M, European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (2010) Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Age Ageing 39(4):412\u2013423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afq034","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"6","key":"3575_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","volume":"18","author":"WT Friedewald","year":"1972","unstructured":"Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS (1972) Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 18(6):499\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"7","key":"3575_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","volume":"28","author":"DR Matthews","year":"1985","unstructured":"Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC (1985) Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 28(7):412\u2013419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00280883","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"3575_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6823-13-47","volume":"13","author":"P Gayoso-Diz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gayoso-Diz P, Otero-Gonz\u00e1lez A, Rodriguez-Alvarez MX, Gude F, Garc\u00eda F, De Francisco A, Quintela AG (2013) Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) cut-off values and the metabolic syndrome in a general adult population: effect of gender and age: EPIRCE cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 13:47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6823-13-47","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"issue":"11A","key":"3575_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69E","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.03.004","volume":"101","author":"SB Solerte","year":"2008","unstructured":"Solerte SB, Gazzaruso C, Bonacasa R, Rondanelli M, Zamboni M, Basso C, Locatelli E, Schifino N, Giustina A, Fioravanti M (2008) Nutritional supplements with oral amino acid mixtures increases whole-body lean mass and insulin sensitivity in elderly subjects with sarcopenia. Am J Cardiol 101(11A):69E-77E. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.03.004","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3575_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmy065","volume":"10","author":"NI Hanach","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hanach NI, McCullough F, Avery A (2019) The impact of dairy protein intake on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in middle-aged to older adults with or without existing sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv Nutr 10(1):59\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/advances\/nmy065","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"3575_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S67449","volume":"9","author":"H Alem\u00e1n-Mateo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alem\u00e1n-Mateo H, Carre\u00f3n VR, Mac\u00edas L, Astiazaran-Garc\u00eda H, Gallegos-Aguilar AC, Enr\u00edquez JR (2014) Nutrient-rich dairy proteins improve appendicular skeletal muscle mass and physical performance, and attenuate the loss of muscle strength in older men and women subjects: a single-blind randomized clinical trial. Clin Interv Aging 9:1517\u20131525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CIA.S67449","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"issue":"3","key":"3575_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1159\/000468153","volume":"10","author":"R Sammarco","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sammarco R, Marra M, Di Guglielmo ML, Naccarato M, Contaldo F, Poggiogalle E, Donini LM, Pasanisi F (2017) Evaluation of hypocaloric diet with protein supplementation in middle-aged sarcopenic obese women: a pilot study. Obes Facts 10(3):160\u2013167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000468153","journal-title":"Obes Facts"},{"issue":"6A","key":"3575_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.11.005","volume":"37","author":"A Granic","year":"2018","unstructured":"Granic A, Mendon\u00e7a N, Sayer AA, Hill TR, Davies K, Adamson A, Siervo M, Mathers JC, Jagger C (2018) Low protein intake, muscle strength and physical performance in the very old: the Newcastle 85+ Study. Clin Nutr 37(6A):2260\u20132270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.11.005","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"3575_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.20473\/spmrj.v2i1.16313","volume":"2","author":"T Kristiana","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kristiana T, Widajanti N, Satyawati R (2020) Association between muscle mass and muscle strength with physical performance in elderly in Surabaya. Surabaya Phys Med Rehabil J 2(1):24","journal-title":"Surabaya Phys Med Rehabil J"},{"issue":"4","key":"3575_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.02.034","volume":"40","author":"HN Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim HN, Kim SH, Eun YM, Song SW (2021) Impact of dietary protein intake on the incidence of low muscle strength in middle-aged and older adults. Clin Nutr 40(4):1467\u20131474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.02.034","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"3575_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy192","volume":"108","author":"DSM Ten Haaf","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ten Haaf DSM, Nuijten MAH, Maessen MFH, Horstman AMH, Eijsvogels TMH, Hopman MTE (2018) Effects of protein supplementation on lean body mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in nonfrail community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 108(5):1043\u20131059. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy192","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"3575_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1177\/10815589221140599","volume":"71","author":"W Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu W, Ma Y, He L, Xing D (2023) The correlation between serum creatine kinase with low muscle mass in type 2 diabetes patients. J Investig Med 71(3):279\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10815589221140599","journal-title":"J Investig Med"},{"key":"3575_CR52","unstructured":"Rehman SU (2022) Association between elevated creatine kinase and myocardial infarction. Doctoral dissertation, University Of Central Punjab"},{"issue":"4","key":"3575_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/s1056-8727(99)00047-1","volume":"13","author":"M Rodr\u00edguez-Mor\u00e1n","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mor\u00e1n M, Guerrero-Romero F (1999) Increased levels of C-reactive protein in noncontrolled type II diabetic subjects. J Diabetes Complications 13(4):211\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1056-8727(99)00047-1","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"issue":"5","key":"3575_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051694","volume":"13","author":"AH Alzahrani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alzahrani AH, Skytte MJ, Samkani A, Thomsen MN, Astrup A, Ritz C, Frystyk J, Holst JJ, Madsbad S, Haugaard SB, Krarup T, Larsen TM, Magkos F (2021) Effects of a self-prepared carbohydrate-reduced high-protein diet on cardiovascular disease risk markers in patients with type 2 diabetes. Nutrients 13(5):1694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13051694","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"3575_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2004.00426.x","volume":"7","author":"A Due","year":"2005","unstructured":"Due A, Toubro S, Stender S, Skov AR, Astrup A (2005) The effect of diets high in protein or carbohydrate on inflammatory markers in overweight subjects. Diabetes Obes Metab 7(3):223\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2004.00426.x","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"3575_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1080\/00365513.2020.1759137","volume":"80","author":"MJ Skytte","year":"2020","unstructured":"Skytte MJ, Samkani A, Astrup A, Larsen TM, Frystyk J, Poulsen HE, Henriksen T, Holst JJ, Andersen O, Madsbad S, Haugaard SB, Krarup T, Larsen EL (2020) Effects of a highly controlled carbohydrate-reduced high-protein diet on markers of oxidatively generated nucleic acid modifications and inflammation in weight stable participants with type 2 diabetes; a randomized controlled trial. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 80(5):401\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00365513.2020.1759137","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"3575_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.3.327","volume":"286","author":"AD Pradhan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pradhan AD, Manson JE, Rifai N, Buring JE, Ridker PM (2001) C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA 286(3):327\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.286.3.327","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"3575_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1080\/1359084021000036774","volume":"12","author":"ELB Novelli","year":"2002","unstructured":"Novelli ELB, Dr AF, Campos KE, Diniz YS, Almeida JA, Faine LA, Ribas BO (2002) The adverse effect of a high energy dense diet on cardiac tissue. J Nutr Environ Med 12(4):287\u2013294","journal-title":"J Nutr Environ Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"3575_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114513002055","volume":"110","author":"JY Dong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dong JY, Zhang ZL, Wang PY, Qin LQ (2013) Effects of high-protein diets on body weight, glycaemic control, blood lipids and blood pressure in type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 110(5):781\u2013789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0007114513002055","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"3575_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.08.008","volume":"39","author":"Z Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu Z, Nan F, Wang LY, Jiang H, Chen W, Jiang Y (2020) Effects of high-protein diet on glycemic control, insulin resistance and blood pressure in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr 39(6):1724\u20131734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.08.008","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"3575_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2010.29","volume":"64","author":"E Papakonstantinou","year":"2010","unstructured":"Papakonstantinou E, Triantafillidou D, Panagiotakos DB, Koutsovasilis A, Saliaris M, Manolis A, Melidonis A, Zampelas A (2010) A high-protein low-fat diet is more effective in improving blood pressure and triglycerides in calorie-restricted obese individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr 64(6):595\u2013602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ejcn.2010.29","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"3575_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-1-6","volume":"1","author":"FQ Nuttall","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC (2004) Metabolic response of people with type 2 diabetes to a high protein diet. Nutr Metab 1:6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1743-7075-1-6","journal-title":"Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"3575_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.9.2375","volume":"53","author":"MC Gannon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ (2004) Effect of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet on blood glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 53(9):2375\u20132382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diabetes.53.9.2375","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"5","key":"3575_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1974","volume":"33","author":"TP Wycherley","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wycherley TP, Noakes M, Clifton PM, Cleanthous X, Keogh JB, Brinkworth GD (2010) A high-protein diet with resistance exercise training improves weight loss and body composition in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 33(5):969\u2013976. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc09-1974","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"3575_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-022-00707-y","volume":"19","author":"F Vidal-Ostos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vidal-Ostos F, Ramos-Lopez O, Jebb SA, Papadaki A, Pfeiffer AFH, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Kune\u0161ov\u00e1 M, Blaak EE, Astrup A, Martinez JA, Diet, Obesity, and Genes (Diogenes) Project (2022) Dietary protein and the glycemic index handle insulin resistance within a nutritional program for avoiding weight regain after energy-restricted induced weight loss. Nutr Metabol 19(1):71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12986-022-00707-y","journal-title":"Nutr Metabol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3575_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114519002149","volume":"125","author":"M Mazidi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mazidi M, Kengne AP, George ES, Siervo M (2021) The association of red meat intake with inflammation and circulating intermediate biomarkers of type 2 diabetes is mediated by central adiposity. Br J Nutr 125(9):1043\u20131050. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0007114519002149","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"3575_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.121186","volume":"104","author":"T Huang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Huang T, Ley SH, Zheng Y, Wang T, Bray GA, Sacks FM, Qi L (2016) Genetic susceptibility to diabetes and long-term improvement of insulin resistance and \u03b2 cell function during weight loss: the Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS LOST) trial. Am J Clin Nutr 104(1):198\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.115.121186","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"3575_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2023.10.010","volume":"13","author":"SD Herrmann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Herrmann SD, Willis EA, Ainsworth BE, Barreira TV, Hastert M, Kracht CL, Schuna JM Jr, Cai Z, Quan M, Tudor-Locke C, Whitt-Glover MC, Jacobs DR Jr (2024) 2024 Adult Compendium of Physical Activities: A third update of the energy costs of human activities. J Sport Health Sci 13(1):6\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jshs.2023.10.010","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"3575_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2013.38","volume":"67","author":"T Psota","year":"2013","unstructured":"Psota T, Chen KY (2013) Measuring energy expenditure in clinical populations: rewards and challenges. Eur J Clin Nutr 67(5):436\u2013442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ejcn.2013.38","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"3575_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000232","volume":"46","author":"RG McMurray","year":"2014","unstructured":"McMurray RG, Soares J, Caspersen CJ, McCurdy T (2014) Examining variations of resting metabolic rate of adults: a public health perspective. Med Sci Sports Exerc 46(7):1352","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"12","key":"3575_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.4.12.370","volume":"4","author":"JA Harris","year":"1918","unstructured":"Harris JA, Benedict FG (1918) A biometric study of human basal metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci 4(12):370\u2013373","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00394-024-03575-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00394-024-03575-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00394-024-03575-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]],"date-time":"2025-02-15T14:25:46Z","timestamp":1739629546000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00394-024-03575-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["3575"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-024-03575-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-6207","1436-6215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-6207","type":"print"},{"value":"1436-6215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in adherence to the CONSORT guidelines.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"CONSORT guidelines"}}],"article-number":"63"}}