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M. received research funding from CNIEL, Sodiaal-Candia R&I, and Danone Nutricia Research, congress travel funding from CNIEL and symposium honorarium from IMGC, which are not related to the present epidemiological study. PR received grants and personal fees from Vifor Fresenius Medical Care Renal Pharma, personal fees from Idorsia, personal fees from KBP, Sanofi, NovoNordisk, personal fees from Ablative Solutions, non-financial support from G3P, personal fees from Corvidia, grants, personal fees from Relypsa, a Vifor company, and Vifor, personal fees from CardioRenal, grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca, grants and personal fees from Bayer, grants and personal fees from CVRx, personal fees from Fresenius, grants and personal fees from Novartis, personal fees from Grunenthal, personal fees from Servier, personal fees from Stealth Peptides, all outside the submitted work. NG received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer, Echosens, Lilly, Roche diagnostics, Novartis. PR: reports consulting for Idorsia, G3P, honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Cincor, CVRx, Fresenius, KBP biosciences, Novartis, NovoNordisk, Relypsa, Servier, and Vifor Fresenius Medical Care Renal Pharma; and travel grants from AstraZeneca, Bayer, CVRx, Novartis, and Vifor Fresenius Medical Care Renal Pharma; Cofounder: CardioRenal, all outside the submitted work. The other co-authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose related to the submitted work, and declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The research protocols were all approved by the local Ethics Committee (Comit\u00e9 de Protection des Personnes Est III\u2014 Nancy\u2014France), and all study participants gave informed written consent. The informed written consent was previously approved by the local Ethics Committee.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"267"}}