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Data on anthropometric parameters, dietary nutrient intake, and nutritional status were collected. The nutritional status of the participants was assessed at baseline and after 4 months. The results were compared between groups using ANCOVA. The results for vitamins and choline are presented here.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After adjustment for baseline values, age, sex, and multiple testing, no significant between-group differences in biomarker concentration changes from baseline to 4 months were observed for vitamin A, retinol-binding protein, transthyretin, beta-carotene, methylmalonic acid, homocysteine, choline, total osteocalcin, carboxylated and undercarboxylated osteocalcin, and folate. In contrast, significant between-group differences in changes were observed for flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), serum vitamin B\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      , holotranscobalamin, and the combined vitamin B\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      status indicator (cB\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) after adjustment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A multinutrient supplement containing 82\u00a0\u00b5g of vitamin B\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      per day significantly positively affected vitamin B\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      blood biomarkers in healthy vegans.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00028151).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-025-03814-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T06:22:45Z","timestamp":1766125365000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessment of vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, vitamin K, folate, and choline status following 4 months of multinutrient supplementation in healthy vegans: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0743-5736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Zerback","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3761-4220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Koeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5360-1940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stine","family":"Weder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Sputtek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8002-9983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gunter P.","family":"Eckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5789-6280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"3814_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.4455\/eu.2023.012","volume":"70","author":"A Dittmann","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dittmann A, Werner L, Storcksdieck genannt Bonsmann S, Hoffmann I (2023) How high is the share of vegetarian and vegan diets in germany? 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