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Baseline data on medical history, lifestyle factors, and antioxidant vitamin intake were collected via validated questionnaires. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for quartiles of antioxidant vitamin intake.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      During an average follow-up was 15.1\u00a0years, we documented 581 incident pancreatic cancers. Our results did not indicate a potential inverse association between antioxidant vitamin intake and risk of pancreatic cancer. When stratified by body mass index, the inverse association between dietary retinol, \u03b2-carotene, \u03b1-carotene, and \u03b2-cryptoxanthin intake and risk of pancreatic cancer indicated a statistically significant association among those with BMI\u2009\u2265\u200925 but not BMI\u2009&lt;\u200925. Corresponding multivariable hazard ratios for the highest versus lowest quartiles among BMI\u2009\u2265\u200925 were intake of retinol activity equivalents of 0.52 (0.31\u20130.86;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01), \u03b2-carotene equivalent of 0.53 (0.31\u20130.91;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01), \u03b1-carotene of 0.57 (0.33\u20130.97;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05), and \u03b2-cryptoxanthin of 0.56 (0.33\u20130.95;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggests that intake of antioxidant vitamins, particularly retinol activity equivalents and \u03b2-carotene equivalents, may play a role in the prevention of pancreatic cancer in overweight subjects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-025-03874-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T07:25:24Z","timestamp":1771053924000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins and risk of pancreatic cancer: the Japan public health center-based prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Sayo","family":"Uesugi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumiko","family":"Kito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiki","family":"Yamaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoki","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manami","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoichiro","family":"Tsugane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8999-175X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norie","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"3874_CR1","unstructured":"WHO (2022) Data visualization tools for exploring the global cancer burden in 2022. https:\/\/gco.iarc.fr\/today\/home."},{"key":"3874_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2021.06.027","volume":"520","author":"J Cai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cai J, Chen H, Lu M, Zhang Y, Lu B, You L, Zhang T, Dai M, Zhao Y (2021) Advances in the epidemiology of pancreatic cancer: trends, risk factors, screening, and prognosis. 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