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We evaluated PDQS-measured diet quality in relation to mortality and major chronic disease outcomes in the UK Biobank.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This population-based cohort study included UK adults (40\u201369 years) recruited in 2006\u20132010 and followed until 2021. PDQS was derived from \u2265\u20092 dietary recalls. Multivariable Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for total and cause-specific mortality, cardio-metabolic diseases (type 2 diabetes [T2D], cardiovascular disease [CVD], myocardial infarction [MI], stroke), respiratory diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], asthma), cancers (total, lung, colorectal, oesophageal, postmenopausal breast, prostate), neurodegenerative diseases (dementia, Parkinson\u2019s, anxiety, depression), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), eczema, psoriasis, fracture, and osteoporosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 124,851 participants (mean age 59\u2009\u00b1\u20098 years), those in the highest PDQS quartile had lower mortality risks: total (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.73\u20130.88), cancer (0.87, 0.77\u20130.98), respiratory (0.56, 0.37\u20130.87), and neurodegenerative (0.61, 0.39\u20130.96). Chronic morbidity risks were lower for T2D (0.73, 0.66\u20130.81), MI (0.80, 0.71\u20130.90), ischemic stroke (0.86, 0.74\u20131.00), COPD (0.80, 0.69\u20130.94), total cancer (0.94, 0.88\u20130.99), lung cancer (0.75, 0.58\u20130.97), anxiety (0.85, 0.78\u20130.92), NAFLD (0.66, 0.56\u20130.77), and CKD (0.74, 0.69\u20130.80).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher PDQS scores are linked to reduced mortality and chronic disease risk. PDQS is a practical tool for assessing diet quality in epidemiological research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-025-03877-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T11:21:45Z","timestamp":1773746505000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS), chronic disease and cause-specific mortality in UK Biobank: a prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5414-8671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selma","family":"Kronsteiner-Gicevic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alysha S.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reynalda","family":"Cordova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Gaggl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayne V.","family":"Woodside","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aed\u00edn","family":"Cassidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Rohrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tilman","family":"K\u00fchn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10184","key":"3877_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8","volume":"393","author":"A Afshin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Afshin A, Sur PJ, Fay KA, Cornaby L, Ferrara G, Salama JS et al (2019) Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. 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