{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T16:39:39Z","timestamp":1784133579831,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inflammation is a key contributor to the pathogenesis and progression of heart failure (HF), correlating with increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the molecular impact of a 24-week nutritional intervention on inflammasome-related components in HF patients, comparing a Mediterranean diet alone versus the same diet supplemented with hypercaloric, high-protein oral nutritional supplements (ONS) enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In a cohort of 38 patients, expression levels of inflammasome markers were assessed via microfluidic quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells at baseline and post-intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Some components, especially cytokines and apoptosis regulation components are overexpressed in patients with sarcopenia (NLRP1, NLRC4, CASP1, CASP5, CTSL, IFI16, TLR8, PSXR7, CCR1, CHUCK, MAPK14, CDKN1B). We observed a significant downregulation of Nod-like receptors NLRP12 and NLRP6, along with decreased expression of inflammasome activation components CASP5, TLR2, and TLR9 in the intervention group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Additionally, cytokines and inflammation-related molecules such as CXCR1, CXCR2, TGFB, CCL2, and NF-\u03baB showed reduced expression, while the inhibitor CHUCK increased (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Cell cycle regulators also shifted, with decreased CDKN2D expression (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), suggesting potential effects on cellular senescence and DNA repair pathways. Notably, these molecular changes were absent in patients adhering solely to the Mediterranean diet.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>these findings suggest that supplementing a Mediterranean diet with hypercaloric, high-protein, EPA and DHA-enriched ONS induces molecular modifications in inflammasome pathways associated with cardiac remodeling. Therefore, targeted nutritional strategies may offer a promising adjunct to improve cardiac function and disease progression in HF patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-025-03878-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T11:59:52Z","timestamp":1770119992000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Modulation of inflammasome components in patients with heart failure using oral nutritional supplements: investigating the molecular mechanisms beyond the clinical benefit"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1437-9878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aura D.","family":"Herrera-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Herm\u00e1n-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel E.","family":"G-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concepci\u00f3n","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas M.","family":"P\u00e9rez-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio J.","family":"Montero-Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"L\u00f3pez-Aguilera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Manzanares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda \u00c1ngeles","family":"G\u00e1lvez-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Molina-Puerta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal M.","family":"Luque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"3878_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2014.12.007","volume":"24","author":"P Iyngkaran","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iyngkaran P et al (2015) Northern Territory perspectives on heart failure with comorbidities\u2014understanding trial validity and exploring collaborative opportunities to broaden the evidence base. Heart Lung Circ 24(6):536\u2013543","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"issue":"3","key":"3878_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hfc.2013.04.003","volume":"9","author":"RJ Mentz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mentz RJ, Felker GM (2013) Noncardiac comorbidities and acute heart failure patients. Heart Fail Clin 9(3):359\u201367, cii","journal-title":"Heart Fail Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"3878_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2010.08.017","volume":"124","author":"CY Wong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wong CY et al (2011) Trends in comorbidity, disability, and polypharmacy in heart failure. Am J Med 124(2):136\u2013143","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3878_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-0755","volume":"41","author":"PB Sandesara","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sandesara PB et al (2018) The prognostic significance of diabetes and microvascular complications in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Diabetes Care 41(1):150\u2013155","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"3878_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.11.040","volume":"59","author":"S Ather","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ather S et al (2012) Impact of noncardiac comorbidities on morbidity and mortality in a predominantly male population with heart failure and preserved versus reduced ejection fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol 59(11):998\u20131005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"3878_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16111637","author":"AD Herrera-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Herrera-Mart\u00ednez AD et al (2024) Nutritional support reduces circulating cytokines in patients with heart failure. Nutrients. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16111637","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"11","key":"3878_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-020-01382-2","volume":"22","author":"EC Castillo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Castillo EC et al (2020) What is the role of the inflammation in the pathogenesis of heart failure? Curr Cardiol Rep 22(11):139","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"3878_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-020-0167-x","volume":"6","author":"D Zheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng D, Liwinski T, Elinav E (2020) Inflammasome activation and regulation: toward a better understanding of complex mechanisms. Cell Discovery 6(1):36","journal-title":"Cell Discovery"},{"issue":"6","key":"3878_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3452","volume":"13","author":"E Latz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Latz E, Xiao TS, Stutz A (2013) Activation and regulation of the inflammasomes. Nat Rev Immunol 13(6):397\u2013411","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"3878_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243906","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1243906","volume":"14","author":"AD Herrera-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Herrera-Mart\u00ednez AD et al (2023) Bariatric surgery and calcifediol treatment, Gordian knot of severe-obesity-related comorbidities treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 14:1243906","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"12","key":"3878_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2351","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23581","volume":"30","author":"AD Herrera-Martinez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Herrera-Martinez AD et al (2022) Inflammasomes: cause or consequence of obesity-associated comorbidities in humans. Obesity 30(12):2351\u20132362","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"12","key":"3878_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.042336","volume":"141","author":"X Tang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tang X et al (2020) SNO-MLP (S-nitrosylation of muscle LIM protein) facilitates myocardial hypertrophy through TLR3 (toll-like receptor 3)-mediated RIP3 (receptor-interacting protein kinase 3) and NLRP3 (NOD-Like receptor pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome activation. Circulation 141(12):984\u20131000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"3878_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107511","volume":"209","author":"AA Pinar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pinar AA et al (2020) Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome to treat cardiovascular fibrosis. Pharmacol Ther 209:107511","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"3878_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101523","volume":"34","author":"C Zeng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zeng C et al (2020) NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis contributes to the pathogenesis of non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Redox Biol 34:101523","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"3878_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16010110","author":"AD Herrera-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Herrera-Mart\u00ednez AD et al (2023) Mediterranean diet, vitamin D, and hypercaloric, hyperproteic oral supplements for treating sarcopenia in patients with heart failure-a randomized clinical trial. Nutrients. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16010110","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"3878_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-023-10327-0","volume":"28","author":"K Prokopidis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Prokopidis K et al (2023) Does omega-3 supplementation improve the inflammatory profile of patients with heart failure? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Fail Rev 28(6):1417\u20131425","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"key":"3878_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab586","author":"V Herrero-Aguayo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Herrero-Aguayo V et al (2021) Dysregulation of components of the inflammasome machinery after bariatric surgery: novel targets for a chronic disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgab586","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"3878_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12383","volume":"10","author":"T Cederholm","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cederholm T et al (2019) GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition\u2014a consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 10(1):207\u2013217","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"1","key":"3878_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","volume":"48","author":"AJ Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cruz-Jentoft AJ et al (2019) Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing 48(1):16\u201331","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"3878_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.10.056","volume":"37","author":"MD Gahete","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gahete MD et al (2018) Changes in splicing machinery components influence, precede, and early predict the development of type 2 diabetes: from the CORDIOPREV study. EBioMedicine 37:356\u2013365","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"3878_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jimenez-Vacas JMEA (2019) Dysregulation of the splicing machinery is directly associated to aggressiveness of prostate cancer. EBioMedicine. In Press","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.11.008"},{"issue":"7","key":"3878_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"RESEARCH0034","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2002-3-7-research0034","volume":"3","author":"J Vandesompele","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vandesompele J et al (2002) Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes. Genome Biol 3(7):RESEARCH0034","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3878_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.01.014","volume":"75","author":"SP Murphy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Murphy SP et al (2020) Inflammation in heart failure: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol 75(11):1324\u20131340","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"16","key":"3878_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.16.2055","volume":"103","author":"A Deswal","year":"2001","unstructured":"Deswal A et al (2001) Cytokines and cytokine receptors in advanced heart failure: an analysis of the cytokine database from the Vesnarinone trial (VEST). Circulation 103(16):2055\u20132059","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"25","key":"3878_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3060","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.25.3060","volume":"102","author":"M Rauchhaus","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rauchhaus M et al (2000) Plasma cytokine parameters and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation 102(25):3060\u20133067","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"3878_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111320","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1111320","volume":"14","author":"Y Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang Y et al (2023) Activation of the sirtuin silent information regulator 1 pathway inhibits pathological myocardial remodeling. Front Pharmacol 14:1111320","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3878_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.51","volume":"14","author":"S von Haehling","year":"2017","unstructured":"von Haehling S et al (2017) Muscle wasting and cachexia in heart failure: mechanisms and therapies. Nat Rev Cardiol 14(6):323\u2013341","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3878_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.12.010","volume":"35","author":"NE Deutz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Deutz NE et al (2016) Readmission and mortality in malnourished, older, hospitalized adults treated with a specialized oral nutritional supplement: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Nutr 35(1):18\u201326","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"3878_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13092965","author":"F Oppedisano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oppedisano F et al (2021) PUFA supplementation and heart failure: effects on fibrosis and cardiac remodeling. Nutrients. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13092965","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"3878_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114522000575","volume":"129","author":"Y Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo Y et al (2023) 3 PUFA can reduce IL-6 and TNF levels in patients with cancer. Br J Nutr 129(1):54\u201365","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"12 Suppl","key":"3878_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3427S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.12.3427S","volume":"134","author":"WE Hardman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hardman WE (2004) (n-3) fatty acids and cancer therapy. J Nutr 134(12 Suppl):3427S-3430S","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"3878_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13255","volume":"8","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Y et al (2021) Sarcopenia in heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ESC Heart Fail 8(2):1007\u20131017","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"3878_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16101535","author":"A Benitez-Velasco","year":"2024","unstructured":"Benitez-Velasco A et al (2024) Differences in the evaluation of malnutrition and body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis, nutritional ultrasound, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in patients with heart failure. Nutrients. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16101535","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"9","key":"3878_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.07.027","volume":"40","author":"A Fernandez-Pombo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fernandez-Pombo A et al (2021) Relevance of nutritional assessment and treatment to counteract cardiac cachexia and sarcopenia in chronic heart failure. Clin Nutr 40(9):5141\u20135155","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"3878_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2016.11.005","volume":"47","author":"JL Bonilla-Palomas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bonilla-Palomas JL et al (2016) Nutritional intervention in malnourished hospitalized patients with heart failure. Arch Med Res 47(7):535\u2013540","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"issue":"25","key":"3878_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4065","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1208570","volume":"24","author":"JM Ceruti","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ceruti JM et al (2005) Induction of p19INK4d in response to ultraviolet light improves DNA repair and confers resistance to apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. Oncogene 24(25):4065\u20134080","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"3878_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.06.193","volume":"220","author":"S Bleda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bleda S et al (2016) Elevated levels of triglycerides and vldl-cholesterol provoke activation of nlrp1 inflammasome in endothelial cells. Int J Cardiol 220:52\u201355","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"3878_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834289","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.834289","volume":"13","author":"Y Liao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liao Y, Liu K, Zhu L (2022) Emerging roles of inflammasomes in cardiovascular diseases. Front Immunol 13:834289","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3878_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2020.151940","volume":"225","author":"MEA Borborema","year":"2020","unstructured":"Borborema MEA et al (2020) Inflammasome activation by NLRP1 and NLRC4 in patients with coronary stenosis. Immunobiology 225(3):151940","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"3878_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.114.000724","volume":"8","author":"\u00c5 Johansson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Johansson \u00c5 et al (2015) NLRC4 inflammasome is an important regulator of interleukin-18 levels in patients with acute coronary syndromes: genome-wide association study in the PLATelet inhibition and patient outcomes trial (PLATO). Circ Cardiovasc Genet 8(3):498\u2013506","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Genet"},{"key":"3878_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.10.051","volume":"270","author":"W Akosile","year":"2018","unstructured":"Akosile W et al (2018) The inflammasome NLRP12 is associated with both depression and coronary artery disease in Vietnam veterans. Psychiatry Res 270:775\u2013779","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3878_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2021.08.006","volume":"7","author":"MB Olsen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Olsen MB et al (2022) Targeting the inflammasome in cardiovascular disease. JACC Basic Transl Sci 7(1):84\u201398","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"3878_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2018-00220","volume":"3","author":"KR Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee KR, Midgette Y, Shah R (2019) Fish oil derived omega 3 fatty acids suppress adipose NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in human obesity. J Endocr Soc 3(3):504\u2013515","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"3878_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01365-6","volume":"9","author":"J Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu J et al (2023) TNF-\u03b1 contributes to sarcopenia through caspase-8\/caspase-3\/GSDME-mediated pyroptosis. Cell Death Discov 9(1):76","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"issue":"13","key":"3878_CR45","first-page":"2639","volume":"117","author":"Z On\u00f3di","year":"2021","unstructured":"On\u00f3di Z et al (2021) AIM2-driven inflammasome activation in heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 117(13):2639\u20132651","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"3878_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106533","volume":"186","author":"L Du","year":"2022","unstructured":"Du L et al (2022) The AIM2 inflammasome: a novel biomarker and target in cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Res 186:106533","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"3878_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.11.044","volume":"187","author":"K Newton","year":"2024","unstructured":"Newton K et al (2024) Cell death. Cell 187(2):235\u2013256","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"11","key":"3878_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000043825.01705.1B","volume":"91","author":"DL Mann","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mann DL (2002) Inflammatory mediators and the failing heart: past, present, and the foreseeable future. Circ Res 91(11):988\u2013998","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"3878_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2019.01.002","volume":"4","author":"H Ueda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ueda H et al (2019) Administration of a TLR9 inhibitor attenuates the development and progression of heart failure in mice. JACC Basic Transl Sci 4(3):348\u2013363","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci"},{"key":"3878_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261049","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/261049","volume":"2013","author":"R Lohner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lohner R et al (2013) Toll-like receptor 9 promotes cardiac inflammation and heart failure during polymicrobial sepsis. Mediators Inflamm 2013:261049","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"issue":"2","key":"3878_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22740","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202201345R","volume":"37","author":"J Qian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qian J et al (2023) Toll-like receptor-2 in cardiomyocytes and macrophages mediates isoproterenol-induced cardiac inflammation and remodeling. FASEB J 37(2):e22740","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"23","key":"3878_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e40812","volume":"10","author":"M Ghiasi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ghiasi M (2024) Investigating the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway in heart failure: exploring potential therapeutic approaches. Heliyon 10(23):e40812","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"1","key":"3878_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9037","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26632-w","volume":"8","author":"K Yuasa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yuasa K et al (2018) Targeted ablation of p38\u03b1 MAPK suppresses denervation-induced muscle atrophy. Sci Rep 8(1):9037","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"3878_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.05.011","volume":"26","author":"JK Kiecolt-Glaser","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kiecolt-Glaser JK et al (2012) Omega-3 supplementation lowers inflammation in healthy middle-aged and older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Brain Behav Immun 26(6):988\u2013995","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"3878_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15122726","author":"AD Herrera-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Herrera-Mart\u00ednez AD et al (2023) Standard hypercaloric, hyperproteic vs. leucine-enriched oral supplements in patients with cancer-induced sarcopenia, a randomized clinical trial. Nutrients. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15122726","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"3878_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10577","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x202010577","volume":"54","author":"A Lorenzo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lorenzo A et al (2021) Dietary supplementation with whey protein improves systemic microvascular function in heart failure patients: a pilot study. Braz J Med Biol Res 54(6):e10577","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"3878_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15102320","author":"EM Dos Santos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dos Santos EM et al (2023) Effects of whey protein isolate on body composition, muscle mass, and strength of chronic heart failure patients: a randomized clinical trial. Nutrients. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15102320","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"3878_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428010","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1428010","volume":"11","author":"X Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu X, Chen Q, Lou IX (2024) Dietary strategies and nutritional supplements in the management of heart failure: a systematic review. Front Nutr 11:1428010","journal-title":"Front Nutr"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00394-025-03878-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00394-025-03878-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00394-025-03878-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T23:02:33Z","timestamp":1781650953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00394-025-03878-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["3878"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-025-03878-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-6207","1436-6215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-6207","type":"print"},{"value":"1436-6215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"39"}}