{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T01:22:32Z","timestamp":1788916952208,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007374","name":"Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Annona squamosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      L. (custard apple) is a tropical fruit of the Annonaceae family whose biological effects depend on the presence and gastrointestinal bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and biogenic amines and to assess the effect of in vitro digestion on the antioxidant potential of custard apple pulp (CAP) using the INFOGEST protocol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CAP was analysed for total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant potential using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2\u2032-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. Individual phenolic compounds and biogenic amines were identified and quantified by chromatographic methods. An\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      gastrointestinal digestion (INFOGEST) model was applied to determine antioxidant potential after digestion and the bioaccessibility index (BI) of target compounds.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CAP contained 5.51 mg GAE\/g total phenolics and 3.39 mg CE\/g flavonoids, with antioxidant values of 21.94 \u00b5mol TE\/g (DPPH) and 29.09 \u00b5mol TE\/g (ABTS). Four phenolics were detected in undigested CAP: ferulic acid (9.36 \u00b5g\/g), quercetin (4.84 \u00b5g\/g), gallic acid (0.57 \u00b5g\/g), and caffeic acid (0.47 \u00b5g\/g). Among nine amines analysed, only putrescine (15.78 mg\/kg) and spermidine (7.31 mg\/kg) were present. After digestion, antioxidant potential decreased by 53 % (DPPH) and 29 % (ABTS). BI values were 58 % for total phenolics and 53 % for flavonoids; putrescine and spermidine showed BI of 67 % and 46 %, respectively. Myricetin and rutin were detected only in digested fractions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Custard apple pulp contains phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and the biogenic amines putrescine and spermidine that remain bioaccessible after in vitro digestion, despite reductions in antioxidant potential. The detection of myricetin and rutin only in digested fractions indicates digestion-related transformations and interactions between the digestive medium and the CAP matrix. These findings support further investigation of CAP as a source of bioactive compounds for nutraceutical, food, and pharmaceutical applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-026-03919-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T11:29:34Z","timestamp":1772018974000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["In vitro digestion of custard apple pulp: bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds, bioactive amines, and effect on antioxidant potential"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Ang\u00e9lica Pereira","family":"Todescato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pollyanna Francielli","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia Felix","family":"\u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maysa","family":"do Vale-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00e1via Beatriz","family":"Cust\u00f3dio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Beatriz Abreu","family":"Gloria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5022-4796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno Martins","family":"Dala-Paula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"3919_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2119203","volume":"64","author":"M Gon\u00e7alves Santana","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves Santana M, Freitas-Silva O, Mariutti LRB, Teodoro AJ, A.J. (2024) A review of in vitro methods to evaluate the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds in tropical fruits. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 64(6):1780\u20131790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2022.2119203","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"3919_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2016.02.001","volume":"82","author":"R Baskaran","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baskaran R, Pullencheri RD, Somasundaram R (2016) Characterization of free, esterified and bound phenolics in custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) fruit pulp by UPLC-ESI-MS\/MS. Food Res Int 82:121\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodres.2016.02.001","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"3919_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10102343","volume":"10","author":"DOD Leite","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leite DOD, Camilo CJ, Nonato CDFA, Carvalho NKGD, Salazar GJT, de Morais SM, Costa JGMD (2016) Chemical profile and evaluation of the antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae) extracts. Foods 10(10):2343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods10102343","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"3919_CR4","first-page":"622","volume":"73","author":"DS Kumhar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kumhar DS, Ameta KD (2014) Effect of antioxidants and storage temperatures on browning and quality of custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) pulp. J Sci Ind Res 73:622\u2013626","journal-title":"J Sci Ind Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3919_CR5","first-page":"34","volume":"1","author":"JD Patel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Patel JD, Kumar V (2008) Annona squamosa L.: phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial screening. J Pharm Res 1(1):34\u201338","journal-title":"J Pharm Res"},{"issue":"18","key":"3919_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X17500501","volume":"31","author":"C Ma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ma C, Wang Q, Shi Y, Li Y, Wang X, Li X et al (2017) Three new antitumor annonaceous acetogenins from the seeds of Annona squamosa. Nat Prod Res 31(18):2085\u20132090. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/S0192415X17500501","journal-title":"Nat Prod Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3919_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85772-8","volume":"11","author":"MG Shehata","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shehata MG, Abu-Serie MM, Abd El-Aziz NM, El-Sohaimy SA (2021) Nutritional, phytochemical, and in vitro anticancer potential of sugar apple (Annona squamosa) fruits. Sci Rep 11(1):6224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-85772-8","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3919_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2018.00010","volume":"6","author":"AK Handa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Handa AK, Fatima T, Mattoo AK (2018) Polyamines: bio-molecules with diverse functions in plant and human health and disease. Front Chem 6:10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fchem.2018.00010","journal-title":"Front Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"3919_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12921","volume":"21","author":"G Rocchetti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rocchetti G, Gregorio RP, Lorenzo JM, Barba FJ, Oliveira PG, Prieto MA, Simal-Gandara J, Mosele JI, Motilva MJ, Tomas M, Patrone V, Capanoglu E, Lucini L (2022) Functional implications of bound phenolic compounds and phenolics\u2013food interaction: a review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 21(2):811\u2013842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1541-4337.12921","journal-title":"Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf"},{"key":"3919_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28083456","volume":"28","author":"OR Negrean","year":"2022","unstructured":"Negrean OR, Farcas AC, Pop OL, Socaci SA (2022) Blackthorn\u2014a valuable source of phenolic antioxidants with potential health benefits. Molecules 28:3456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules28083456","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"3919_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2023.113666","volume":"175","author":"PF \u00c1vila","year":"2024","unstructured":"\u00c1vila PF, Todescato AP, dos Santos MDMC, Ramos LF, Menon IC, Carvalho MO, do vale M, Gl\u00f3ria MBA, Dala-Paula BM, de Oliveira PF (2024) Anonna crassiflora suppresses colonic carcinogenesis through its antioxidant effects, bioactive amines, and phenol content in rats. Food Res Int 175:113666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodres.2023.113666","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"3919_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2020.100856","volume":"40","author":"BM Dala-Paula","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dala-Paula BM, de Maria F\u00e1tima VS, Gloria MBA (2020) Vegetables consumed in Brazilian cuisine as sources of bioactive amines. Food Biosci 40:100856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fbio.2020.100856","journal-title":"Food Biosci"},{"key":"3919_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129.2024.2366845","author":"JP Barbosa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barbosa JP, Dala-Paula BM, Souza PA (2024) Polyamines and their precursor, putrescine, produced by lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented foods and their concept as metabiotics. Food Rev Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/87559129.2024.2366845","journal-title":"Food Rev Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"3919_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11010164","volume":"11","author":"K Soda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Soda K (2022) Overview of polyamines as nutrients for human healthy long life and effect of increased polyamine intake on DNA methylation. Cells 11(1):164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11010164","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"3919_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2022.133883","volume":"1270","author":"N Yuldasheva","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yuldasheva N, Acikyildiz N, Akyuz M, Yabo-Dambagi L, Aydin T, Cakir A, Kazaz C (2022) The synthesis of Schiff bases and new secondary amine derivatives of p-vanillin and evaluation of their neuroprotective, antidiabetic, antidepressant and antioxidant potentials. J Mol Struct 1270:133883. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molstruc.2022.133883","journal-title":"J Mol Struct"},{"key":"3919_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phanu.2020.100212","volume":"13","author":"MM Ommati","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ommati MM, Farshad O, Mousavi K, Taghavi R, Farajvajari S, Azarpira N, Moezi L, Heidari R (2020) Agmatine alleviates hepatic and renal injury in a rat model of obstructive jaundice. PharmaNutrition 13:100212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phanu.2020.100212","journal-title":"PharmaNutrition"},{"issue":"3","key":"3919_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12547","volume":"19","author":"C Dima","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dima C, Assadpour E, Dima S, Jafari SM (2020) Bioavailability of nutraceuticals: role of the food matrix, processing conditions, the gastrointestinal tract, and nanodelivery systems. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 19(3):954\u2013994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1541-4337.12547","journal-title":"Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf"},{"key":"3919_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2023.112920","volume":"170","author":"AM Dantas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dantas AM, Fernandes FG, Magnani M, Borges GSC (2023) Gastrointestinal digestion assays for evaluating the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds in fruits and their derivates: an overview. Food Res Int 170:112920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodres.2023.112920","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"issue":"20","key":"3919_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6188","DOI":"10.1021\/jf049509u","volume":"52","author":"S Casal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Casal S, Mendes E, Alves MR, Alves RC, Beatriz M, Oliveira PP, Ferreira MA (2004) Free and conjugated biogenic amines in green and roasted coffee beans. J Agric Food Chem 52(20):6188\u20136192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jf049509u","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"3919_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-025-03834-3","volume":"64","author":"AP Todescato","year":"2025","unstructured":"Todescato AP, de Oliveira PF, \u00c1vila PF, do Vale-Oliveira M, Martins JP, Reis IB, dos Souza BLS, Carvalho MO, Menon IC, Cust\u00f3dio FB, Gloria MBA, Dala-Paula BM (2025) Bioaccessibility and nutraceutical potential of phenolic compounds in Annona crassiflora Mart. pulp for colorectal chemoprevention. Eur J Nutr 64:319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-025-03834-3","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"3919_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-018-0119-1","volume":"14","author":"A Brodkorb","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brodkorb A, Egger L, Alminger M, Alvito P, Assun\u00e7\u00e3o R, Ballance S, Bohn T, Bourlieu-Lacanal C, Boutrou R, Carriere F, Clemente A, Corredig M, Dupont D, Dufour C, Edwards C, Golding M, Karakaya S, Kirkhus B, Le Feunteun S, Recio I (2019) INFOGEST static in vitro simulation of gastrointestinal food digestion. Nat Protoc 14(4):991\u20131014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41596-018-0119-1","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"issue":"10","key":"3919_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4290","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0502698","volume":"53","author":"G Prior","year":"2005","unstructured":"Prior G, Wu X, Schaich K (2005) Standardized methods for the determination of antioxidant capacity and phenolics in foods and dietary supplements. J Agric Food Chem 53(10):4290\u20134302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jf0502698","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"3919_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1021\/jf204223w","volume":"60","author":"F Rubio-Senent","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rubio-Senent F, Rodr\u00edguez-Gut\u00ederrez G, Lama-Mu\u00f1oz A, Fern\u00e1ndez-Bola\u00f1os J (2012) New phenolic compounds hydrothermally extracted from the olive oil byproduct alperujo and their antioxidative activities. J Agric Food Chem 60(5):1175\u20131186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jf204223w","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"3919_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11483-024-09864-4","author":"BM Dala-Paula","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dala-Paula BM, Todescato AP, Gon\u00e7alves JE, Gloria MBA (2024) Bioactive amines in conventional and non-conventional edible plants from Brazil: health benefits and concerns. Food Biophys. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11483-024-09864-4","journal-title":"Food Biophys"},{"issue":"1","key":"3919_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1080\/15538362.2022.2138684","volume":"22","author":"I Ghasil","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ghasil I, Meena NK, Bhatnagar P, Singh H, Kumar A, Jain SK, Bhateshwar M (2022) Effect of postharvest treatments on biochemical and bioactive compounds of custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) cv. balanagar. Int J Fruit Sci 22(1):826\u2013836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15538362.2022.2138684","journal-title":"Int J Fruit Sci"},{"key":"3919_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.08.102","volume":"238","author":"KDRR Silva","year":"2018","unstructured":"Silva KDRR, Sirasa MSF (2018) Antioxidant properties of selected fruit cultivars grown in Sri Lanka. Food Chem 238:203\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.08.102","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"3919_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2009.10.006","volume":"43","author":"CVK Reddy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Reddy CVK, Sreeramulu D, Raghunath M (2010) Antioxidant activity of fresh and dry fruits commonly consumed in India. Food Res Int 43(1):285\u2013288","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"3919_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.12.013","volume":"152","author":"VM Moo-Huchin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moo-Huchin VM, Estrada-Mota I, Estrada-Le\u00f3n R, Cuevas-Glory L, Ortiz-V\u00e1zquez E, Vargas E, Vargas MDLV et al (2014) Determination of some physicochemical characteristics, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of tropical fruits from Yucatan, Mexico. Food Chem 152:508\u2013515","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"3919_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1981-6723.29619","volume":"23","author":"ALAA Nascimento","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nascimento ALAA, Brandi IV, Dur\u00e3es CAF, Lima JP, Soares SB, Mesquita BMAC (2020) Chemical characterization and antioxidant potential of native fruits of the Cerrado of northern Minas Gerais. Braz J Food Technol 23:e2019296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1981-6723.29619","journal-title":"Braz J Food Technol"},{"key":"3919_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2022.101644","volume":"47","author":"GT Vo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vo GT, Liu Z, Chou O, Zhong B, Barrow CJ, Dunshea FR, Suleria HAR (2022) Screening of phenolic compounds in australian grown grapes and their potential antioxidant activities. Food Biosci 47:101644. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fbio.2022.101644","journal-title":"Food Biosci"},{"key":"3919_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2023.11.025","volume":"136","author":"L-Y Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang L-Y, Liu C-Y, Geng X-Q, Jiang W, Bao K-S, Zhu Z-Y (2024) Cell wall polysaccharides from Annona squamosa: chemical and functional characterization. Process Biochem 136:136\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procbio.2023.11.025","journal-title":"Process Biochem"},{"issue":"11","key":"3919_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.1873","volume":"84","author":"S Ou","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ou S, Kwok KC (2004) Ferulic acid: pharmaceutical functions, preparation and applications in foods. J Sci Food Agric 84(11):1261\u20131269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jsfa.1873","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric"},{"key":"3919_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1002\/fft2.366","volume":"5","author":"Y Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen Y, Teng W, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Cao J (2024) The intestinal delivery systems of ferulic acid: absorption, metabolism, influencing factors, and potential applications. Food Front 5:1126\u20131144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fft2.366","journal-title":"Food Front"},{"issue":"42","key":"3919_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25046","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA04559D","volume":"10","author":"D Isika","year":"2020","unstructured":"Isika D, \u00c7e\u015fme M, Osonga FJ, Sadik OA (2020) Novel quercetin and apigenin-acetamide derivatives: design, synthesis, characterization, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies. RSC Adv 10(42):25046\u201325058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D0RA04559D","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"3919_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101354","volume":"10","author":"C Schwarz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schwarz C, Stekovic S, Wirth M, Benson G, Royer P, Sigrist SJ, Pieber T, Dammbrueck C, Magnes C, Eisenberg T, Pendl T, Bohlken J, K\u00f6be T, Madeo F, Fl\u00f6el A (2018) Safety and tolerability of spermidine supplementation in mice and older adults with subjective cognitive decline. Aging 10:19\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/aging.101354","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"3919_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-022-00322-9","volume":"2","author":"SJ Hofer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hofer SJ, Simon AK, Bergmann M, Eisenberg T, Kroemer G, Madeo F (2022) Mechanisms of spermidine-induced autophagy and geroprotection. Nat Aging 2:1112\u20131129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43587-022-00322-9","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"key":"3919_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158191","volume":"23","author":"Z Kov\u00e1cs","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kov\u00e1cs Z, Skatchkov SN, Szab\u00f3 Z, Qahtan S, M\u00e9ndez-Gonz\u00e1lez MP, Malpica-Nieves CJ, Eaton MJ, Kardos J, H\u00e9ja L (2022) Putrescine intensifies Glu\/GABA exchange mechanism and promotes early termination of seizures. Int J Mol Sci 23:8191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23158191","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3919_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-384947-2.00071-4","volume-title":"Encycl. food health","author":"R Tofalo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tofalo R, Perpetuini G, Schirone M, Suzzi G (2016) Biogenic amines: toxicology and health effect. In: Caballero B, Finglas P, Toldr\u00e1 F (eds) Encycl. food health, vol 1. Academic Press, Oxford, pp 424\u2013429"},{"issue":"2","key":"3919_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/J.LWT.2014.05.040","volume":"59","author":"V Pavan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pavan V, Sancho RAS, Pastore GM (2014) The effect of in vitro digestion on the antioxidant activity of fruit extracts (Carica papaya, Artocarpus heterophillus and Annona marcgravii). LWT Food Sci Technol 59(2):1247\u20131251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.LWT.2014.05.040","journal-title":"LWT Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"3919_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.131897","volume":"375","author":"M Tomas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tomas M (2022) Effect of dietary fiber addition on the content and in vitro bioaccessibility of antioxidants in red raspberry puree. Food Chem 375:131897. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.131897","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"3919_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/jfoodchem.2020.127157","volume":"329","author":"M Peanparkdee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peanparkdee M, Patrawart J, Iwamoto S (2020) Physicochemical stability and in vitro bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins from Thai rice bran extracts. Food Chem 329:127157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/jfoodchem.2020.127157","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"3919_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4138","DOI":"10.1039\/d0fo00129e","volume":"11","author":"J Kruger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kruger J, Sus N, Frank J (2020) Ascorbic acid, sucrose and olive oil lipids mitigate the inhibitory effects of pectin on the bioaccessibility and Caco-2 cellular uptake of ferulic acid and naringenin. Food Funct 11:4138\u20134145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d0fo00129e","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"3919_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2015.10.009","volume":"78","author":"E Celep","year":"2015","unstructured":"Celep E, Charehsaz M, Aky\u00fcz S, Acar ET, Yesilada E (2015) Effect of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the bioavailability of phenolic components and the antioxidant potentials of some Turkish fruit wines. Food Res Int 78:209\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodres.2015.10.009","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"3919_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2021.103447","volume":"14","author":"Z Xiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiang Z, Deng J, Yang K, Zhu Y, Xia C, Chen J, Liu T (2021) Effect of processing on the release of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity during in vitro digestion of hulless barley. Arab J Chem 14(12):103447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arabjc.2021.103447","journal-title":"Arab J Chem"},{"key":"3919_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2021.110767","volume":"150","author":"PD Farias","year":"2021","unstructured":"Farias PD, de Ara\u00fajo FF, Neri-Numa IA, Dias-Audibert FL, Delafiori J, Catharino RR, Pastore GM (2021) Effect of in vitro digestion on the bioaccessibility and bioactivity of phenolic compounds in fractions of Eugenia pyriformis fruit. Food Res Int 150:110767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodres.2021.110767","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"3919_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.01.148","volume":"285","author":"F Giusti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Giusti F, Capuano E, Sagratini G, Pellegrini N (2019) A comprehensive investigation of the behaviour of phenolic compounds in legumes during domestic cooking and in vitro digestion. Food Chem 285:458\u2013467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.01.148","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"3919_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10091995","volume":"10","author":"XC Sollano-Mendieta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sollano-Mendieta XC, Meza-M\u00e1rquez OG, Osorio-Revilla G, T\u00e9llez-Medina DI (2021) Effect of in vitro digestion on the antioxidant compounds and antioxidant capacity of 12 plum (spondias purpurea L.) ecotypes. Foods 10:1995","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"9","key":"3919_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods7090145","volume":"7","author":"A Fern\u00e1ndez-Reina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Reina A, Urdiales JL, S\u00e1nchez-Jim\u00e9nez F (2018) What we know and what we need to know about aromatic and cationic biogenic amines in the gastrointestinal tract. Foods 7(9):145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods7090145","journal-title":"Foods"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00394-026-03919-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00394-026-03919-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00394-026-03919-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T18:51:51Z","timestamp":1781635911000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00394-026-03919-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["3919"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-026-03919-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-6207","1436-6215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-6207","type":"print"},{"value":"1436-6215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"69"}}