{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:30:21Z","timestamp":1787059821882,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2017YFC0907300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC0907300"]}]},{"name":"the National Key R&D Program of China","award":["NO.2017YFC0907301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NO.2017YFC0907301"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No. 82173566"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 82173566"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82360663"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82360663"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Guizhou Provincial Health Commission Science and Technology Fund","award":["2024GZWJKJXM0209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024GZWJKJXM0209"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-026-04067-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T06:54:37Z","timestamp":1785394477000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sex-specific associations of urinary zinc, iron, and zinc-to-iron ratio with obesity indicators and phenotypes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Jianqin","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueyi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonghai","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8864-828X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingting","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6329-5331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"4067_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.316101","volume":"126","author":"M-E Pich\u00e9","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pich\u00e9 M-E, Tchernof A, Despr\u00e9s J-P (2020) Obesity phenotypes, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Circ Res 126(11):1477\u20131500","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"4067_CR2","unstructured":"World Obesity Atlas (2025) World Obesity Federation, London"},{"issue":"8","key":"4067_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13764","volume":"25","author":"\u00c1 Gonz\u00e1lez-Dom\u00ednguez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Dom\u00ednguez \u00c1, Jurado-Sumariva L, Gonz\u00e1lez-Dom\u00ednguez R (2024) Association between childhood obesity, trace elements, and heavy metals: recent discoveries and future perspectives. Obes Rev 25(8):e13764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/obr.13764","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"4067_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae025","volume":"31","author":"A Welsh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Welsh A, Hammad M, Pi\u00f1a IL, Kulinski J (2024) Obesity and cardiovascular health. Eur J Prev Cardiol 31(8):1026\u20131035. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae025","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4067_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114523001435","volume":"131","author":"Y Lu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lu Y, Liu Q, Huang C, Tang X, Wei Y, Mo X et al (2024) Association between plasma and dietary trace elements and obesity in a rural Chinese population. Br J Nutr 131(1):123\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0007114523001435","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"4067_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.06.001","volume":"33","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Funcke J-B, Zi Z, Zhao S, Straub LG, Zhu Y et al (2021) Adipocyte iron levels impinge on a fat-gut crosstalk to regulate intestinal lipid absorption and mediate protection from obesity. Cell Metab 33(8):1624\u201339.e9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.06.001","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"4067_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-024-03891-3","volume":"99","author":"DP Kiouri","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kiouri DP, Chasapis CT, Mavromoustakos T, Spiliopoulou CA, Stefanidou ME (2025) Zinc and its binding proteins: essential roles and therapeutic potential. Arch Toxicol 99(1):23\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-024-03891-3","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4067_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9061456","volume":"9","author":"GJ Kontoghiorghes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kontoghiorghes GJ, Kontoghiorghe CN (2020) Iron and chelation in biochemistry and medicine: new approaches to controlling iron metabolism and treating related diseases. Cells 9(6):1456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells9061456","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"10270","key":"4067_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32594-0","volume":"397","author":"S-R Pasricha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pasricha S-R, Tye-Din J, Muckenthaler MU, Swinkels DW (2021) Iron deficiency. Lancet 397(10270):233\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32594-0","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"16","key":"4067_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13161359","volume":"13","author":"R Ahmad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahmad R, Shaju R, Atfi A, Razzaque MS (2024) Zinc and diabetes: a connection between micronutrient and metabolism. Cells 13(16):1359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells13161359","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"4067_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1049936","author":"S Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang S, Sun Z, Jiang X, Lu Z, Ding L, Li C et al (2022) Ferroptosis increases obesity: Crosstalk between adipocytes and the neuroimmune system. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1049936","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4067_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.113900","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Chen L, Xuan Y, Zhang L, Tian W, Zhu Y et al (2024) Iron overload in hypothalamic AgRP neurons contributes to obesity and related metabolic disorders. Cell Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.113900","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"4067_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2021.04.035","volume":"164","author":"VM Silva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Silva VM, Putti FF, White PJ, Reis ARd (2021) Phytic acid accumulation in plants: biosynthesis pathway regulation and role in human diet. Plant Physiol Biochem 164:132\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.plaphy.2021.04.035","journal-title":"Plant Physiol Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"4067_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02060-8","volume":"198","author":"MJ Rios-Lugo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rios-Lugo MJ, Madrigal-Arellano C, Gayt\u00e1n-Hern\u00e1ndez D, Hern\u00e1ndez-Mendoza H, Romero-Guzm\u00e1n ET (2020) Association of serum zinc levels in overweight and obesity. Biol Trace Elem Res 198(1):51\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-020-02060-8","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"issue":"21","key":"4067_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15214702","volume":"15","author":"D Laudisio","year":"2023","unstructured":"Laudisio D, de Alteriis G, Vetrani C, Aprano S, Pugliese G, Zumbolo F et al (2023) Iron levels and markers of inflammation in a population of adults with severe obesity, a cross-sectional study. Nutrients 15(21):4702","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"21","key":"4067_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113437","volume":"23","author":"A Ziomber-Lisiak","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ziomber-Lisiak A, Piana K, Ostachowicz B, Wr\u00f3bel P, Kasprzyk P, Kaszuba-Zwoi\u0144ska J et al (2022) The new markers of early obesity-related organ and metabolic abnormalities. Int J Mol Sci 23(21):13437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms232113437","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"4067_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081885","volume":"11","author":"P Kondaiah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kondaiah P, Yaduvanshi PS, Sharp PA, Pullakhandam R (2019) Iron and zinc homeostasis and interactions: does enteric zinc excretion cross-talk with intestinal iron absorption? Nutrients 11(8):1885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11081885","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"4067_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-024-04289-z","volume":"203","author":"T Roli\u0107","year":"2025","unstructured":"Roli\u0107 T, Yazdani M, Mandi\u0107 S, Distante S (2025) Iron metabolism, calcium, magnesium and trace elements: a review. Biol Trace Elem Res 203(4):2216\u20132225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-024-04289-z","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"4067_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14122451","volume":"14","author":"M Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim M, Kim Y-H, Min S, Lee S-M (2022) High iron exposure from the fetal stage to adulthood in mice alters lipid metabolism. Nutrients 14(12):2451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14122451","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"4067_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13062023","volume":"13","author":"M Banaszak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Banaszak M, G\u00f3rna I, Przys\u0142awski J (2021) Zinc and the innovative zinc-\u03b12-glycoprotein adipokine play an important role in lipid metabolism: a critical review. Nutrients 13(6):2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13062023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"4067_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721-l","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyaa185","volume":"50","author":"X Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao X, Hong F, Yin J, Tang W, Zhang G, Liang X et al (2021) Cohort profile: the China multi-ethnic cohort (CMEC) study. Int J Epidemiol 50(3):721\u2013l. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyaa185","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"4067_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.116696","volume":"282","author":"J Zhong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhong J, Yang T, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Hu Y et al (2024) Associations between individual and mixed urinary metal exposure and dyslipidemia among Chinese adults: data from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort Study. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 282:116696. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.116696","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"issue":"8","key":"4067_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3449","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-023-03938-z","volume":"202","author":"KJC Cruz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cruz KJC, de Oliveira ARS, Fontenelle LC, Morais JBS, de Sousa Melo SR, dos Santos LR et al (2024) Relationship between zinc, selenium, and magnesium status and markers of metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity phenotypes. Biol Trace Elem Res 202(8):3449\u20133464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-023-03938-z","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"issue":"16","key":"4067_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e010870","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.010870","volume":"8","author":"J Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu J, Tse LA, Liu Z, Rangarajan S, Hu B, Yin L et al (2019) Predictive values of anthropometric measurements for cardiometabolic risk factors and cardiovascular diseases among 44048 Chinese. J Am Heart Assoc 8(16):e010870. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.118.010870","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"4067_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2024.108100","volume":"187","author":"Y Hu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hu Y, Zhang Y, Zhong J, Wang Y, Zhou E, Hong F (2024) Association between obesity phenotypes and dietary patterns: a two-step cluster analysis based on the China multi-ethnic cohort study. Prev Med 187:108100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2024.108100","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"4067_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3697","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-022-03484-0","volume":"201","author":"G Fan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fan G, Liu Q, Wu M, Bi J, Qin X, Fang Q et al (2023) Exposure to metal mixtures and overweight or obesity among Chinese adults. Biol Trace Elem Res 201(8):3697\u20133705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-022-03484-0","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"4067_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02177-w","volume":"199","author":"AA Tinkov","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tinkov AA, Skalnaya MG, Ajsuvakova OP, Serebryansky EP, Chao JCJ, Aschner M et al (2021) Selenium, zinc, chromium, and vanadium levels in serum, hair, and urine samples of obese adults assessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Biol Trace Elem Res 199(2):490\u2013499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-020-02177-w","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"4067_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5677","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-023-03639-7","volume":"201","author":"JBS Morais","year":"2023","unstructured":"Morais JBS, Cruz KJC, de Oliveira ARS, Cardoso BEP, da Silva Dias TM, de Sousa Melo SR et al (2023) Association between parameters of cortisol metabolism, biomarkers of minerals (zinc, selenium, and magnesium), and insulin resistance and oxidative stress in women with obesity. Biol Trace Elem Res 201(12):5677\u20135691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-023-03639-7","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"4067_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-024-00625-x","volume":"37","author":"ARS de Oliveira","year":"2024","unstructured":"de Oliveira ARS, Cruz KJC, Morais JBS, dos Santos LR, de Sousa Melo SR, Fontenelle LC et al (2024) Magnesium, selenium and zinc deficiency compromises antioxidant defense in women with obesity. Biometals 37(6):1551\u20131563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10534-024-00625-x","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"4067_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112976","volume":"210","author":"X Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang X, Karvonen-Gutierrez CA, Herman WH, Mukherjee B, Park SK (2022) Metals and risk of incident metabolic syndrome in a prospective cohort of midlife women in the United States. Environ Res 210:112976. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112976","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"20","key":"4067_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15204460","volume":"15","author":"C \u00d6verm\u00f6hle","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u00d6verm\u00f6hle C, Rimbach G, Waniek S, Strathmann EA, Liedtke T, St\u00fcrmer P et al (2023) Association of plasma zinc and copper with body composition, lipids and inflammation in a cross-sectional general population sample from Germany. Nutrients 15(20):4460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15204460","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"4067_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1273177","author":"C Franco","year":"2024","unstructured":"Franco C, Canzoniero LMT (2024) Zinc homeostasis and redox alterations in obesity. Front Endocrinol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1273177","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4067_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47684-9","volume":"15","author":"S Qiu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qiu S, Wu Q, Wang H, Liu D, Chen C, Zhu Z et al (2024) AZGP1 in POMC neurons modulates energy homeostasis and metabolism through leptin-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation. Nat Commun 15(1):3377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-47684-9","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"14","key":"4067_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15143133","volume":"15","author":"A Zavros","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zavros A, Andreou E, Aphamis G, Bogdanis GC, Sakkas GK, Roupa Z et al (2023) The effects of zinc and selenium co-supplementation on resting metabolic rate, thyroid function, physical fitness, and functional capacity in overweight and obese people under a hypocaloric diet: a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial. Nutrients 15(14):3133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15143133","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"4067_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126940","volume":"71","author":"TA Cunha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cunha TA, Vermeulen-Serpa KM, Grilo EC, Leite-Lais L, Brand\u00e3o-Neto J, Vale SHL (2022) Association between zinc and body composition: an integrative review. J Trace Elem Med Biol 71:126940. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126940","journal-title":"J Trace Elem Med Biol"},{"issue":"19","key":"4067_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197306","volume":"21","author":"W Banach","year":"2020","unstructured":"Banach W, Nitschke K, Krajewska N, Mongia\u0142\u0142o W, Matuszak O, Muszy\u0144ski J et al (2020) The association between excess body mass and disturbances in somatic mineral levels. Int J Mol Sci 21(19):7306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21197306","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"4067_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11050689","volume":"11","author":"AA Tinkov","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tinkov AA, Bogda\u0144ski P, Skrypnik D, Skrypnik K, Skalny AV, Aaseth J et al (2021) Trace element and mineral levels in serum, hair, and urine of obese women in relation to body composition, blood pressure, lipid profile, and insulin resistance. Biomolecules 11(5):689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom11050689","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"21","key":"4067_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7938","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c09464","volume":"57","author":"Y-J Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu Y-J, Li Z-C, Tian J-L, Hao C-J, Kuang H-X, Dong C-Y et al (2023) Why do people gain belly fat in rural areas? A study of urinary metal(loid)s and abdominal obesity in China. Environ Sci Technol 57(21):7938\u20137949. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.2c09464","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"7251","key":"4067_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(62)90110-1","volume":"280","author":"B Wenzel","year":"1962","unstructured":"Wenzel B, Stults H, Mayer J (1962) Hypoferraemia in obese adolescents. Lancet 280(7251):327\u2013328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(62)90110-1","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"4067_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10050751","volume":"10","author":"R Rodr\u00edguez-Mortera","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mortera R, Caccavello R, Hermo R, Garay-Sevilla ME, Gugliucci A (2021) Higher hepcidin levels in adolescents with obesity are associated with metabolic syndrome dyslipidemia and visceral fat. Antioxidants Basel 10(5):751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox10050751","journal-title":"Antioxidants Basel"},{"issue":"6","key":"4067_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-020-0522-x","volume":"44","author":"NU Stoffel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stoffel NU, El-Mallah C, Herter-Aeberli I, Bissani N, Wehbe N, Obeid O et al (2020) The effect of central obesity on inflammation, hepcidin, and iron metabolism in young women. Int J Obes 44(6):1291\u20131300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41366-020-0522-x","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"4067_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.108653","author":"M Pilar Vaquero","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pilar Vaquero M, Mart\u00ednez-Su\u00e1rez M, Garc\u00eda-Quismondo \u00c1, del Ca\u00f1izo FJ, S\u00e1nchez-Muniz FJ (2021) Diabesity negatively affects transferrin saturation and iron status. The DICARIVA study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.108653","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"15","key":"4067_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155529","volume":"21","author":"\u00c1 Gonz\u00e1lez-Dom\u00ednguez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Dom\u00ednguez \u00c1, Visiedo-Garc\u00eda FM, Dom\u00ednguez-Riscart J, Gonz\u00e1lez-Dom\u00ednguez R, Mateos RM, Lechuga-Sancho AM (2020) Iron metabolism in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 21(15):5529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21155529","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"4067_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2024.107948","author":"S-Y Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang S-Y, Mayasari NR, Tung T-H, Lin W-L, Tseng S-H, Chang C-C et al (2024) Weight loss induced by a hypocaloric diet with or without fish oil supplementation re-established iron and omega-3 fatty acid homeostasis in middle-aged women with obesity: a post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Maturitas. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.maturitas.2024.107948","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"4067_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13010217","author":"S Aguree","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aguree S, Reddy MB (2021) Inflammatory markers and hepcidin are elevated but serum iron is lower in obese women of reproductive age. Nutrients. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13010217","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"4067_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051539","volume":"13","author":"A Moore Heslin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moore Heslin A, O\u2019Donnell A, Buffini M, Nugent AP, Walton J, Flynn A et al (2021) Risk of iron overload in obesity and implications in metabolic health. Nutrients 13(5):1539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13051539","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"4067_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1424651","author":"M Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li M, Zhang J, Ding J, Gao Z (2024) Association between dietary mineral intakes and urine flow rate: data from the 2009\u20132018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Front Nutr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2024.1424651","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"4067_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.09.093","volume":"236","author":"C Rodr\u00edguez-P\u00e9rez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-P\u00e9rez C, Vrhovnik P, Gonz\u00e1lez-Alzaga B, Fern\u00e1ndez MF, Martin-Olmedo P, Olea N et al (2018) Socio-demographic, lifestyle, and dietary determinants of essential and possibly-essential trace element levels in adipose tissue from an adult cohort. Environ Pollut 236:878\u2013888. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.09.093","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"issue":"16","key":"4067_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12165338","volume":"12","author":"F Merlo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Merlo F, Groothof D, Khatami F, Ahanchi NS, Wehrli F, Bakker SJL et al (2023) Changes in iron status biomarkers with advancing age according to sex and menopause: a population-based study. J Clin Med 12(16):5338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12165338","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"4067_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2022.903937","author":"CE Badenhorst","year":"2022","unstructured":"Badenhorst CE, Forsyth AK, Govus AD (2022) A contemporary understanding of iron metabolism in active premenopausal females. Front Sports Active Living. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fspor.2022.903937","journal-title":"Front Sports Active Living"},{"issue":"1","key":"4067_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10010139","volume":"10","author":"S MacKenzie","year":"2022","unstructured":"MacKenzie S, Bergdahl A (2022) Zinc homeostasis in diabetes mellitus and vascular complications. Biomedicines 10(1):139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines10010139","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"2","key":"4067_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2020.0287","volume":"46","author":"H Gao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gao H, Yang J, Pan W, Yang M (2022) Iron overload and the risk of diabetes in the general population: results of the Chinese health and nutrition survey cohort study. Diabetes Metab J 46(2):307\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4093\/dmj.2020.0287","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"key":"4067_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.120367","volume":"294","author":"Z Hajializadeh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hajializadeh Z, Khaksari M, Najafipour H, Sanjari M, Mahani FD, Raji-Amirhasani A (2022) Substitution of calorie restriction for protective effects of estrogen on cardiometabolic risk factors and oxidative stress in obese postmenopausal rat model. Life Sci 294:120367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.120367","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4067_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95777-y","volume":"11","author":"X Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun X, Liu Z, Du T (2021) Secular trends in the prevalence of abdominal obesity among Chinese adults with normal weight, 1993\u20132015. Sci Rep 11(1):16404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-95777-y","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"4067_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2019-000741","volume":"8","author":"J Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiang J, Cai X, Pan Y, Du X, Zhu H, Yang X et al (2020) Relationship of obesity to adipose tissue insulin resistance. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 8(1):e000741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjdrc-2019-000741","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care"},{"issue":"13","key":"4067_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137342","volume":"25","author":"A Koceva","year":"2024","unstructured":"Koceva A, Herman R, Janez A, Rakusa M, Jensterle M (2024) Sex- and gender-related differences in obesity: from pathophysiological mechanisms to clinical implications. Int J Mol Sci 25(13):7342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25137342","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4067_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-022-00558-6","volume":"28","author":"F Qiu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qiu F, Wu L, Yang G, Zhang C, Liu X, Sun X et al (2022) The role of iron metabolism in chronic diseases related to obesity. Mol Med 28(1):130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10020-022-00558-6","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4067_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-018-1629-y","volume":"191","author":"JBS Morais","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morais JBS, Severo JS, Beserra JB, de Oiveira ARS, Cruz KJC, de Sousa Melo SR et al (2019) Association between cortisol, insulin resistance and zinc in obesity: a mini-review. Biol Trace Elem Res 191(2):323\u2013330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-018-1629-y","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"4067_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2021.100944","volume":"63","author":"JP Cavalcanti-de-Albuquerque","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cavalcanti-de-Albuquerque JP, Donato J Jr (2021) Rolling out physical exercise and energy homeostasis: focus on hypothalamic circuitries. Front Neuroendocrinol 63:100944. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yfrne.2021.100944","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"11","key":"4067_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.09.010","volume":"26","author":"Y Ding","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ding Y, Xu X (2023) Dose-response relationship between leisure-time physical activity and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in overweight\/obese populations. J Sci Med Sport 26(11):616\u2013621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.09.010","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"3","key":"4067_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.RV22015","volume":"31","author":"M Ishida","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ishida M, Sakai C, Kobayashi Y, Ishida T (2024) Cigarette smoking and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. J Atheroscler Thromb 31(3):189\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5551\/jat.RV22015","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb"},{"issue":"6","key":"4067_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16454","volume":"119","author":"GD Carrasquilla","year":"2024","unstructured":"Carrasquilla GD, Garc\u00eda-Ure\u00f1a M, Romero-Lado MJ, Kilpel\u00e4inen TO (2024) Estimating causality between smoking and abdominal obesity by Mendelian randomization. Addiction 119(6):1024\u20131034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.16454","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"4067_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-101320-125839","volume":"41","author":"SP Canny","year":"2023","unstructured":"Canny SP, Orozco SL, Thulin NK, Hamerman JA (2023) Immune mechanisms in inflammatory anemia. Annu Rev Immunol 41:405\u2013429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-immunol-101320-125839","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00394-026-04067-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00394-026-04067-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00394-026-04067-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:14:47Z","timestamp":1787058887000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00394-026-04067-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["4067"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-026-04067-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-6207","1436-6215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-6207","type":"print"},{"value":"1436-6215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Sichuan University (K2016038) and the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University (2018[094]).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all the participants, who were included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"224"}}