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Q.C. is an employee of Amgen Ltd and a shareholder of Amgen Inc. The work presented here was conducted while Q.C. was employees of Imperial College London and E.H. holds shares in Melico Sciences Ltd. The study funders had no role in the study design, data collection, management, analysis, or interpretation of the data, decision to submission, preparation, or revision of the manuscript.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The Ethics Committees of the Shiga University of Medical Science, the Sapporo Medical University, the Kanazawa Medical University, the Wakayama Medical University, and the Pacific Health Research Institute approved the study protocol, and written informed consent was received from each participant. INTERMAP is registered at\n                      \n                      as NCT00005271.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"223"}}