{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T02:33:47Z","timestamp":1792982027336,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/046nvst19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Nutri-Score categorizes foods by nutritional value per 100\u00a0g or 100\u00a0ml, which may lead to poor discriminatory ability for products with low energy density and large portion sizes, like ready-to-eat meals. We hypothesized that adapting the Nutri-Score algorithm to account for variation in energy density could better capture nutritional quality, particularly in lower energy-dense foods like ready meals, without substantially affecting other food scores. The aim of this study was to perform a proof\u2011of\u2011concept evaluation of adapting the Nutri-Score algorithm for general foods to different levels of energy density.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study utilized the Norwegian food databases Tradesolution and Unil (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200925,813) to compare the energy-adjusted algorithm with the Nutri-Score 2023.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The energy-adjusted Nutri-Score shifted food categorizations for 22% of products. Foods with low energy density, such as ready meals, showed increased scoring variation, indicating a more nuanced nutritional quality assessment, as intended. In these foods, we also saw a decline in favourable scores and an increase in unfavourable ones. However, high-energy-density food categories, like cakes and pastries, more often received more favourable scores. Also, the discriminatory ability between low-fat and full-fat products was reduced.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While the energy-adjusted Nutri-Score improved scoring differentiation for certain low-energy-density foods, it showed unfavourable side-effects, indicating that overall, it is not superior to the Nutri-Score 2023. Nonetheless, adapting the algorithm to energy density offers potential for improved nutrient profiling methodologies in specific contexts. Further refinement of the weighting system could address observed weaknesses, optimizing this approach for broader application.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-026-04105-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T15:30:28Z","timestamp":1789831828000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring an energy-density adjustment to the Nutri-Score algorithm for general foods"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Amberntsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari Mohn","family":"Paulsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta Angela","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryndis Eva","family":"Birgisdottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja Pia","family":"Biltoft-Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina Moxness","family":"Konglevoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Lise","family":"Brantsaeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lene Frost","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6519-2064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianne Hope","family":"Abel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"4105_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Nutrient profiling. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022. Available from: ( https:\/\/apps.who.int\/nutrition\/topics\/profiling\/en\/index.html)"},{"issue":"6","key":"4105_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmy045","volume":"9","author":"ME Labonte","year":"2018","unstructured":"Labonte ME, Poon T, Gladanac B, Ahmed M, Franco-Arellano B, Rayner M (2018) L\u2019Abbe, Nutrient profile models with applications in government-led nutrition policies aimed at health promotion and noncommunicable disease prevention: A systematic review. Adv Nutr 9(6):741\u2013788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/advances\/nmy045","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"4105_CR3","first-page":"712","volume":"3","author":"C Julia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Julia C, Hercberg S, Organization WH (2017) Development of a new front-of-pack nutrition label in France: the five-colour Nutri-Score. Public health panorama 3(4):712\u2013725","journal-title":"Public health panorama"},{"issue":"10","key":"4105_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-021-00381-y","volume":"2","author":"D Mozaffarian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mozaffarian D, El-Abbadi NH, O\u2019Hearn M, Erndt-Marino J, Masters WA, Jacques P, Shi PL, Blumberg JB, Micha R (2021) Food Compass is a nutrient profiling system using expanded characteristics for assessing healthfulness of foods. Nat Food 2(10):809\u2013818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43016-021-00381-y","journal-title":"Nat Food"},{"issue":"1","key":"4105_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2007.00003.x","volume":"66","author":"A Drewnowski","year":"2008","unstructured":"Drewnowski A, Fulgoni V (2008) Nutrient profiling of foods: creating a nutrient-rich food index. Nutr Rev 66(1):23\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2007.00003.x","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"4105_CR6","unstructured":"The Scientific Committee of the Nutri-Score (2023) Update of the Nutri-Score algorithm for beverages - Second update report from the Scientific Committee of the Nutri-Score V2\u20132023"},{"key":"4105_CR7","unstructured":"The Scientific Committee of the Nutri-Score (2022) Update of the Nutri-Score algorithm - Update report from the Scientific Committee of the Nutri-Score 2022"},{"key":"4105_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paulsen MM, \u00d8vreb\u00f8 B, L\u00f8vhaug AL, Lund-Iversen K, Andersen LF, Helleve A, Abel MH (2024) Responses to the updated Nutri-Score algorithms in Norway: A qualitative study among food system actors in the NewTools-project. Food Nutr Res 68. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29219\/fnr.v68.10254","DOI":"10.29219\/fnr.v68.10254"},{"key":"4105_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amberntsson A, Mohn Paulsen M, Angela Bianchi M, Birgisd\u00f3ttir BE, Biltoft-Jensen AP, Moxness Konglevoll D, Brants\u00e6ter AL, Lund-Iversen K, Frost L, Andersen (2025) Hope Abel, Improvements to the Nutri-Score to address challenges identified in a Nordic setting. Food Nutr Res 69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29219\/fnr.v69.10914","DOI":"10.29219\/fnr.v69.10914"},{"issue":"2","key":"4105_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-007-2002-7","volume":"46","author":"M Garsetti","year":"2007","unstructured":"Garsetti M, de Vries J, Smith M, Amosse A, Rolf-Pedersen N (2007) a.i.s.b.l, Nutrient profiling schemes: overview and comparative analysis. Eur J Nutr 46(2):15\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-007-2002-7","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"4105_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2008.53","volume":"63","author":"A Drewnowski","year":"2009","unstructured":"Drewnowski A, Maillot M, Darmon N (2009) Should nutrient profiles be based on 100\u00a0g, 100\u00a0kcal or serving size? Eur J Clin Nutr 63(7):898\u2013904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ejcn.2008.53","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"21","key":"4105_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8992","DOI":"10.3390\/su12218992","volume":"12","author":"M Bianchi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bianchi M, Strid A, Winkvist A, Lindroos A-K, Sonesson U, Hallstr\u00f6m E (2020) Systematic Evaluation of Nutrition Indicators for Use within Food LCA Studies. Sustainability 12(21):8992","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"4105_CR13","unstructured":"Agence Fran\u00e7aise de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sanitaire des Aliments (2008) Setting of nutrient profiles for accessing nutrition and health claims: proposals and arguments [Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/www.anses.fr\/en\/system\/files\/NUT-Ra-ProfilsEN.pdf"},{"key":"4105_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Meltzer HM, Lund-Iversen K, Helleve A, Hope Abel M, L\u00f8vhaug AL, Morseth MS, Olsen HF, Ydersbond TA, Klepp KI (2025) NewTools - A novel collaboration across the Norwegian food system with the aim of developing tools for food system transformation. Public Health Nutr 1\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980025100785","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980025100785"},{"issue":"1","key":"4105_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-023-01525-y","volume":"20","author":"B Ovrebo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ovrebo B, Brantsaeter AL, Lund-Iversen K, Andersen LF, Paulsen MM, Abel MH (2023) How does the updated Nutri-Score discriminate and classify the nutritional quality of foods in a Norwegian setting? Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 20(1):122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12966-023-01525-y","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"4105_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paulsen MM, Bucher Holm L, Amberntsson A, Hope Abel M, Andersen LF (2025) Evaluation of Nutri-Score and NewTools-score in a Norwegian setting using a reference standard based on nutrition experts\u2019 ranking of foods\u2019 healthiness. Food Nutr Res 69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29219\/fnr.v69.11444","DOI":"10.29219\/fnr.v69.11444"},{"key":"4105_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993238","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.993238","volume":"9","author":"A Vlassopoulos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vlassopoulos A, Katidi A, Kapsokefalou M (2022) Performance and discriminatory capacity of Nutri-Score in branded foods in Greece. Front Nutr 9:993238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.993238","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"4105_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0130491","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130491","volume":"10","author":"EB Fern","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fern EB, Watzke H, Barclay DV, Roulin A, Drewnowski A (2015) The Nutrient Balance Concept: A New Quality Metric for Composite Meals and Diets. PLoS ONE 10(7):e0130491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0130491","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4105_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Furuta C, Jinzu H, Cao L, Drewnowski A, Okabe Y (2022) Nutrient Profiling of Japanese Dishes: The Development of a Novel Ajinomoto Group Nutrient Profiling System. Front Nutr 9\u20132022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.912148","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.912148"},{"issue":"3","key":"4105_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmab018","volume":"12","author":"A Drewnowski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Drewnowski A, Amanquah D, Gavin-Smith B (2021) Perspective: How to Develop Nutrient Profiling Models Intended for Global Use: A Manual. Adv Nutr 12(3):609\u2013620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/advances\/nmab018","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"4105_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3037","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20092-w","volume":"24","author":"M Cerf","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cerf M, Serry A-J, Marty L, Nicklaus S, Ducrot P (2024) Evidence on consumers\u2019 perceptions, understanding and uses of the Nutri-Score to improve communication about its update: a qualitative study with shopping observations in France. BMC Public Health 24(1):3037. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-20092-w","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"4105_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.12.017","volume":"119","author":"A Montericcio","year":"2024","unstructured":"Montericcio A, Bonaccio M, Ghulam A, Di Castelnuovo A, Gianfagna F, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L (2024) Dietary indices underpinning front-of-pack nutrition labels and health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr 119(3):756\u2013768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.12.017","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00394-026-04105-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00394-026-04105-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00394-026-04105-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T02:02:29Z","timestamp":1792980149000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00394-026-04105-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["4105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-026-04105-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-6207","1436-6215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-6207","type":"print"},{"value":"1436-6215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"During the preparation of this work, the authors used GPT UiO in order to clarify the text in the Methods section. After using this tool\/service, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and takes full responsibility for the content of the published article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"255"}}