{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T09:35:45Z","timestamp":1792920945106,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dutch Top-Consortium for Knowledge and Innovation Agri & Food","award":["Project Restructure; (TKI 22.150)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project Restructure; (TKI 22.150)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Disrupted satiety signalling has been proposed as a possible mechanism driving high energy intakes associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs). We examined whether transitioning from a diet low in UPFs to a high-UPF diet affects satiety responsiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a randomized crossover trial, participants (n\u00a0=\u00a032; mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SD: age 27\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02 y; BMI 23.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.3\u00a0kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) with habitual low-UPF intakes completed two 14-day UPF diets (~\u200995%EN from UPFs), separated by a 14-day washout period. Acute satiety responsiveness was assessed using a mixed-meal tolerance test with a fixed-calorie load at baseline and following each 14-day diet. Subjective appetite ratings and plasma concentrations of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), ghrelin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and peptide YY (PYY) were measured from 10\u00a0min prior to 180\u00a0min following the fixed-calorie load. Satiety responsiveness was also assessed over-time within each UPF diet-arm, through daily fasting-state appetite ratings prior to breakfast.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A small but significant difference was observed in acute subjective satiety ratings for total area under the curves (AUCs), with higher hunger and lower fullness AUCs following the high-UPF diets compared with baseline-measurements, though no significant differences were observed at individual timepoints (all,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). Satiety hormone responses to the fixed-calorie load did not differ between baseline and following 14-day high-UPF exposure (all,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). Within each diet period, fasting-state appetite ratings remained stable across days on both UPF diets.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results do not support the hypothesis that satiety responsiveness is disrupted following two 14-day periods of high-UPF diet exposure. The study was pre-registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06113146).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-026-04111-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:36:33Z","timestamp":1790253393000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Satiety responsiveness following dietary exposure to ultra-processed foods differing in texture-derived eating rate: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled crossover diet intervention"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7960-7854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marieke","family":"van Bruinessen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7443-3271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4156-8252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lise A. J.","family":"Heuven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8736-6026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Stieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1279-6742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlou P.","family":"Lasschuijt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4001-9182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ciar\u00e1n G.","family":"Forde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"4111_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2025.108139","volume":"213","author":"E Ulug","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ulug E, Acikgoz Pinar A, Yildiz BO (2025) Impact of ultra-processed foods on hedonic and homeostatic appetite regulation: a systematic review. Appetite 213:108139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.appet.2025.108139","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"issue":"10","key":"4111_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-020-00650-z","volume":"44","author":"M Askari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Askari M, Heshmati J, Shahinfar H, Tripathi N, Daneshzad E (2020) Ultra-processed food and the risk of overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Obes (Lond) 44(10):2080\u20132091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41366-020-00650-z","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"issue":"5","key":"4111_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980018003762","volume":"22","author":"CA Monteiro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Monteiro CA, Cannon G, Levy RB, Moubarac JC, Louzada ML, Rauber F et al (2019) Ultra-processed foods: what they are and how to identify them. Public Health Nutr 22(5):936\u2013941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1368980018003762","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"4111_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.1039\/c6fo00107f","volume":"7","author":"A Fardet","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fardet A (2016) Minimally processed foods are more satiating and less hyperglycemic than ultra-processed foods: a preliminary study with 98 ready-to-eat foods. Food Funct 7(5):2338\u20132346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c6fo00107f","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"issue":"4","key":"4111_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2023.04.006","volume":"14","author":"VM Valicente","year":"2023","unstructured":"Valicente VM, Peng CH, Pacheco KN, Lin L, Kielb EI, Dawoodani E et al (2023) Ultraprocessed foods and obesity risk: a critical review of reported mechanisms. Adv Nutr 14(4):718\u2013738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.advnut.2023.04.006","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"11","key":"4111_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-025-01143-7","volume":"21","author":"F Juul","year":"2025","unstructured":"Juul F, Martinez-Steele E, Parekh N, Monteiro CA (2025) The role of ultra-processed food in obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol 21(11):672\u2013685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41574-025-01143-7","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4111_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmab049","volume":"12","author":"F Juul","year":"2021","unstructured":"Juul F, Vaidean G, Parekh N (2021) Ultra-processed foods and cardiovascular diseases: potential mechanisms of action. Adv Nutr 12(5):1673\u20131680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/advances\/nmab049","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"12","key":"4111_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00169-8","volume":"7","author":"B Srour","year":"2022","unstructured":"Srour B, Kordahi MC, Bonazzi E, Deschasaux-Tanguy M, Touvier M, Chassaing B (2022) Ultra-processed foods and human health: from epidemiological evidence to mechanistic insights. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 7(12):1128\u20131140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00169-8","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"4111_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2017.10.005","volume":"46","author":"D Dupont","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dupont D, Le Feunteun S, Marze S, Souchon I (2018) Structuring food to control its disintegration in the gastrointestinal tract and optimize nutrient bioavailability. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 46:83\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ifset.2017.10.005","journal-title":"Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol"},{"key":"4111_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.153001","volume":"464","author":"P Abiega-Franyutti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abiega-Franyutti P, Freyre-Fonseca V (2021) Chronic consumption of food-additives lead to changes via microbiota gut-brain axis. Toxicology 464:153001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tox.2021.153001","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"2","key":"4111_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-014-0094-y","volume":"3","author":"AL Simmons","year":"2014","unstructured":"Simmons AL, Schlezinger JJ, Corkey BE (2014) What are we putting in our food that is making us fat? Food additives, contaminants, and other putative contributors to obesity. Curr Obes Rep 3(2):273\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13679-014-0094-y","journal-title":"Curr Obes Rep"},{"key":"4111_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2023.112730","volume":"167","author":"Z Song","year":"2023","unstructured":"Song Z, Song R, Liu Y, Wu Z, Zhang X (2023) Effects of ultra-processed foods on the microbiota-gut-brain axis: the bread-and-butter issue. Food Res Int 167:112730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodres.2023.112730","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"issue":"6425","key":"4111_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav0556","volume":"363","author":"DM Small","year":"2019","unstructured":"Small DM, DiFeliceantonio AG (2019) Processed foods and food reward. Science 363(6425):346\u2013347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aav0556","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4111_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2022.106274","volume":"178","author":"AL Kelly","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kelly AL, Baugh ME, Oster ME, DiFeliceantonio AG (2022) The impact of caloric availability on eating behavior and ultra-processed food reward. Appetite 178:106274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.appet.2022.106274","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"issue":"3","key":"4111_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzaa019","volume":"4","author":"CG Forde","year":"2020","unstructured":"Forde CG, Mars M, de Graaf K (2020) Ultra-processing or oral processing? A role for energy density and eating rate in moderating energy intake from processed foods. Curr Dev Nutr 4(3):nzaa019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cdn\/nzaa019","journal-title":"Curr Dev Nutr"},{"key":"4111_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NT.0000000000000410","author":"BJ Rolls","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rolls BJ, Cunningham PM, Diktas HE (2020) Properties of ultraprocessed foods that can drive excess intake. Nutr Today. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/NT.0000000000000410","journal-title":"Nutr Today"},{"issue":"2","key":"4111_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-3010.2009.01753.x","volume":"34","author":"B Benelam","year":"2009","unstructured":"Benelam B (2009) Satiation, satiety and their effects on eating behaviour. Nutr Bull 34(2):126\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-3010.2009.01753.x","journal-title":"Nutr Bull"},{"issue":"5","key":"4111_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2007.0018","volume":"17","author":"WS Dhillo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dhillo WS (2007) Appetite regulation: an overview. Thyroid 17(5):433\u2013445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/thy.2007.0018","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"1","key":"4111_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI30227","volume":"117","author":"DE Cummings","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cummings DE, Overduin J (2007) Gastrointestinal regulation of food intake. J Clin Invest 117(1):13\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI30227","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"4111_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.841444","volume":"9","author":"CG Forde","year":"2022","unstructured":"Forde CG, de Graaf K (2022) Influence of sensory properties in moderating eating behaviors and food intake. Front Nutr 9:841444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.841444","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"4111_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1018","volume":"95","author":"A Kokkinos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kokkinos A, le Roux CW, Alexiadou K, Tentolouris N, Vincent RP, Kyriaki D et al (2010) Eating slowly increases the postprandial response of the anorexigenic gut hormones, peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95(1):333\u2013337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2009-1018","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"4111_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512005053","volume":"110","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Hsu WH, Hollis JH (2013) Increasing the number of masticatory cycles is associated with reduced appetite and altered postprandial plasma concentrations of gut hormones, insulin and glucose. Br J Nutr 110(2):384\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0007114512005053","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"4111_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2719","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-020-02466-z","volume":"60","author":"AT Goh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Goh AT, Choy JYM, Chua XH, Ponnalagu S, Khoo CM, Whitton C et al (2021) Increased oral processing and a slower eating rate increase glycaemic, insulin and satiety responses to a mixed meal tolerance test. Eur J Nutr 60(5):2719\u20132733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-020-02466-z","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"4111_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11010050","volume":"11","author":"K Hawton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hawton K, Ferriday D, Rogers P, Toner P, Brooks J, Holly J et al (2019) Slow down: behavioural and physiological effects of reducing eating rate. Nutrients 11(1):50. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11010050","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"4111_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E244","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20075","volume":"21","author":"JP Karl","year":"2013","unstructured":"Karl JP, Young AJ, Rood JC, Montain SJ (2013) Independent and combined effects of eating rate and energy density on energy intake, appetite, and gut hormones. Obesity 21(3):E244\u2013E252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.20075","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"1","key":"4111_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.081745","volume":"100","author":"E Robinson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Robinson E, Almiron-Roig E, Rutters F, de Graaf C, Forde CG, Tudur Smith C et al (2014) A systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effect of eating rate on energy intake and hunger. Am J Clin Nutr 100(1):123\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.113.081745","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"4111_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8050315","author":"D Ferriday","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ferriday D, Bosworth ML, Godinot N, Martin N, Forde CG, Van Den Heuvel E et al (2016) Variation in the oral processing of everyday meals is associated with fullness and meal size; a potential nudge to reduce energy intake? Nutrients. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu8050315","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"4111_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2020.10.021","volume":"106","author":"DP Bolhuis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bolhuis DP, Forde CG (2020) Application of food texture to moderate oral processing behaviors and energy intake. Trends Food Sci Tech 106:445\u2013456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tifs.2020.10.021","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Tech"},{"issue":"4","key":"4111_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1111\/nbu.70027","volume":"50","author":"MP Lasschuijt","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lasschuijt MP, Heuven LAJ, van Bruinessen M, Liu Z, Rubert J, Stieger M et al (2025) The effect of eating rate of ultra-processed foods on dietary intake, eating behaviour, body composition and metabolic responses\u2014rationale, design and outcomes of the restructure randomised controlled trial. Nutr Bull 50(4):640\u2013655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nbu.70027","journal-title":"Nutr Bull"},{"key":"4111_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.11.012","author":"CG Forde","year":"2025","unstructured":"Forde CG, Heuven LAJ, van Bruinessen M, Liu Z, Stieger M, de Graaf K et al (2025) Eating rate has sustained effects on energy intake from ultra-processed diets: a two-week ad libitum dietary randomized controlled cross-over trial. Am J Clin Nutr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2025.11.012","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"4111_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cohen J (2013) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge"},{"key":"4111_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107598","volume":"201","author":"MC Prater","year":"2024","unstructured":"Prater MC, Guadagni AJ, Cooper JA (2024) Postprandial appetite responses to a pecan enriched meal: a randomized crossover trial. Appetite 201:107598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.appet.2024.107598","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"4111_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-025-01961-9","author":"MN \u00c7elik","year":"2025","unstructured":"\u00c7elik MN, Ulug E (2025) Impact of ultra-processed foods on short-term appetite regulation: does body mass index make a difference? Int J Obes. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41366-025-01961-9","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"3","key":"4111_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.015164","volume":"94","author":"J Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li J, Zhang N, Hu L, Li Z, Li R, Li C et al (2011) Improvement in chewing activity reduces energy intake in one meal and modulates plasma gut hormone concentrations in obese and lean young Chinese men123. Am J Clin Nutr 94(3):709\u2013716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.111.015164","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"4111_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(198602)5:2<295::AID-EAT2260050209>3.0.CO;2-T","volume":"5","author":"T van Strien","year":"1986","unstructured":"van Strien T, Frijters JER, Bergers GPA, Defares PB (1986) The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) for assessment of restrained, emotional, and external eating behavior. Int J Eat Disord 5(2):295\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1098-108X(198602)5:2%3c295::AID-EAT2260050209%3e3.0.CO;2-T","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"4111_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.04.008","volume":"117","author":"DA Lucassen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lucassen DA, Brouwer-Brolsma EM, Boshuizen HC, Mars M, de Vogel-Van den Bosch J, Feskens EJM (2023) Validation of the smartphone-based dietary assessment tool \u201cTraqq\u201d for assessing actual dietary intake by repeated 2-h recalls in adults: comparison with 24-h recalls and urinary biomarkers. Am J Clin Nutr 117(6):1278\u20131287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.04.008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"4111_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lucassen DA, Brouwer-Brolsma EM, van de Wiel AM, Siebelink E, Feskens EJM (2021) Iterative Development of an Innovative Smartphone-Based Dietary Assessment Tool: Traqq (vol 169): 1940-087X","DOI":"10.3791\/62032-v"},{"issue":"4","key":"4111_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114524001478","volume":"132","author":"LAJ Heuven","year":"2024","unstructured":"Heuven LAJ, van Bruinessen M, Tang CS, Stieger M, Lasschuijt MP, Forde CG (2024) Consistent effect of eating rate on food and energy intake across twenty-four ad libitum meals. Br J Nutr 132(4):535\u2013546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0007114524001478","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"4111_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2949","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-023-03202-z","volume":"62","author":"M Lasschuijt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lasschuijt M, Camps G, Mars M, Siebelink E, de Graaf K, Bolhuis D (2023) Speed limits: the effects of industrial food processing and food texture on daily energy intake and eating behaviour in healthy adults. Eur J Nutr 62(7):2949\u20132962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-023-03202-z","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"4111_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114525106193","author":"M van Bruinessen","year":"2026","unstructured":"van Bruinessen M, Heuven LAJ, Stieger M, Lasschuijt MP, Forde CG (2026) The sustained effect of texture-based eating rate on food intake in an 11-d randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0007114525106193","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"4111_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.06.006","volume":"155","author":"MP Lasschuijt","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lasschuijt MP, Heuven LAJ, Gonzalez-Estanol K, Siebelink E, Chen Y, Forde CG (2025) The effect of energy density and eating rate on ad libitum energy intake in healthy adults\u2014a randomized controlled study. J Nutr 155(8):2602\u20132610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjnut.2025.06.006","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"4111_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801083","volume":"24","author":"A Flint","year":"2000","unstructured":"Flint A, Raben A, Blundell JE, Astrup A (2000) Reproducibility, power and validity of visual analogue scales in assessment of appetite sensations in single test meal studies. Int J Obes 24(1):38\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801083","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"2","key":"4111_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.18.2.245","volume":"18","author":"DB Allison","year":"1995","unstructured":"Allison DB, Paultre F, Maggio C, Mezzitis N, Pi-Sunyer FX (1995) The use of areas under curves in diabetes research. Diabetes Care 18(2):245\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.18.2.245","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"4111_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2010.00714.x","volume":"11","author":"J Blundell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Blundell J, De Graaf C, Hulshof T, Jebb S, Livingstone B, Lluch A et al (2010) Appetite control: methodological aspects of the evaluation of foods. Obes Rev 11(3):251\u2013270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2010.00714.x","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"4111_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2008.04.012","volume":"94","author":"S Higgs","year":"2008","unstructured":"Higgs S (2008) Cognitive influences on food intake: the effects of manipulating memory for recent eating. Physiol Behav 94(5):734\u2013739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2008.04.012","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"4111_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1006\/appe.2002.0500","volume":"39","author":"S Higgs","year":"2002","unstructured":"Higgs S (2002) Memory for recent eating and its influence on subsequent food intake. Appetite 39(2):159\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/appe.2002.0500","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"issue":"2","key":"4111_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2011.01.002","volume":"56","author":"JM Brunstrom","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brunstrom JM, Brown S, Hinton EC, Rogers PJ, Fay SH (2011) Expected satiety\u2019 changes hunger and fullness in the inter-meal interval. Appetite 56(2):310\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.appet.2011.01.002","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"issue":"4","key":"4111_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90036-X","volume":"7","author":"AR Willian","year":"1986","unstructured":"Willian AR, Pater JL (1986) Using baseline measurements in the two-period crossover clinical trial. Control Clin Trials 7(4):282\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90036-X","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"issue":"3","key":"4111_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.08.015","volume":"67","author":"J McCambridge","year":"2014","unstructured":"McCambridge J, Witton J, Elbourne DR (2014) Systematic review of the Hawthorne effect: new concepts are needed to study research participation effects. J Clin Epidemiol 67(3):267\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.08.015","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4111_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.05.008","volume":"30","author":"KD Hall","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hall KD, Ayuketah A, Brychta R, Cai H, Cassimatis T, Chen KY et al (2019) Ultra-processed diets cause excess calorie intake and weight gain: an inpatient randomized controlled trial of ad libitum food intake. Cell Metab 30(1):67-77.e63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.05.008","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"4111_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-025-01866-7","volume":"49","author":"JA King","year":"2025","unstructured":"King JA, Thackray AE, Gibbons C, Martins C, Broom DR, Stensel DJ et al (2025) The mixed-meal tolerance test as an appetite assay: methodological and practical considerations. Int J Obes 49(11):2168\u20132183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41366-025-01866-7","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"24","key":"4111_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16244398","volume":"16","author":"MB Galdino-Silva","year":"2024","unstructured":"Galdino-Silva MB, Almeida KMM, Oliveira ADSd, Santos JVLd, Macena MdL, Silva DR et al (2024) A meal with ultra-processed foods leads to a faster rate of intake and to a lesser decrease in the capacity to eat when compared to a similar, matched meal without ultra-processed foods. Nutrients 16(24):4398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16244398","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"4111_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2025.101781","volume":"86","author":"A Pinson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pinson A, Glachet C, Jacquinet C, Sevrin E, Moralia M-A, Parent A-S (2025) Endocrine disrupting chemicals alter neuronal circuits controlling reproduction and appetite. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 86(3):101781. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ando.2025.101781","journal-title":"Ann Endocrinol (Paris)"},{"issue":"4","key":"4111_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A104","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205448","volume":"121","author":"A Bergman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bergman A, Heindel JJ, Kasten T, Kidd KA, Jobling S, Neira M et al (2013) The impact of endocrine disruption: a consensus statement on the state of the science. Environ Health Perspect 121(4):A104-106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1205448","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"1","key":"4111_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.05.022","volume":"89","author":"DE Cummings","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cummings DE (2006) Ghrelin and the short- and long-term regulation of appetite and body weight. Physiol Behav 89(1):71\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.05.022","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"4111_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13531","volume":"24","author":"MI Aukan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aukan MI, Coutinho S, Pedersen SA, Simpson MR, Martins C (2023) Differences in gastrointestinal hormones and appetite ratings between individuals with and without obesity\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 24(2):e13531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/obr.13531","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"4111_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.4.707","volume":"50","author":"M Tschop","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tschop M, Weyer C, Tataranni PA, Devanarayan V, Ravussin E, Heiman ML (2001) Circulating ghrelin levels are decreased in human obesity. Diabetes 50(4):707\u2013709. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diabetes.50.4.707","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"8","key":"4111_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2015.59","volume":"39","author":"FL Greenway","year":"2015","unstructured":"Greenway FL (2015) Physiological adaptations to weight loss and factors favouring weight regain. Int J Obes 39(8):1188\u20131196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ijo.2015.59","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"5","key":"4111_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-025-01726-4","volume":"49","author":"Z Jin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jin Z, Li J, Thackray AE, Shen T, Deighton K, King JA et al (2025) Fasting appetite-related gut hormone responses after weight loss induced by calorie restriction, exercise, or both in people with overweight or obesity: a meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 49(5):776\u2013792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41366-025-01726-4","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"issue":"17","key":"4111_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1105816","volume":"365","author":"P Sumithran","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sumithran P, Prendergast LA, Delbridge E, Purcell K, Shulkes A, Kriketos A et al (2011) Long-term persistence of hormonal adaptations to weight loss. N Engl J Med 365(17):1597\u20131604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1105816","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4111_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2026.108604","volume":"225","author":"PS Teo","year":"2026","unstructured":"Teo PS, Lim AJ, Goh AT, Janani R, McCrickerd K, Forde CG (2026) Impact of food texture and degree of food processing on post-meal satiety and later snack intake. Appetite 225:108604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.appet.2026.108604","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"issue":"10520","key":"4111_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01566-1","volume":"406","author":"G Scrinis","year":"2025","unstructured":"Scrinis G, Popkin BM, Corvalan C, Duran AC, Nestle M, Lawrence M et al (2025) Policies to halt and reverse the rise in ultra-processed food production, marketing, and consumption. Lancet 406(10520):2685\u20132702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01566-1","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"4111_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2014.10.007","volume":"41","author":"L Chambers","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chambers L, McCrickerd K, Yeomans MR (2015) Optimising foods for satiety. Trends Food Sci Tech 41(2):149\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tifs.2014.10.007","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Tech"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00394-026-04111-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00394-026-04111-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00394-026-04111-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T09:13:44Z","timestamp":1792919624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00394-026-04111-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["4111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00394-026-04111-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-6207","1436-6215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-6207","type":"print"},{"value":"1436-6215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"CGF has received financial support for research from Ajinomoto, Ferrero (Somartec), Tate and Lyle, and the Dutch Public\u2013private partnerships scheme, TKI Top Sector Agri-Food program (the Netherlands), and is a member of the Scientific committee of ILSI Europe, Lesaffre and the Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutritional Science (IAFNS, non-nutritive sweetener committee). C.G.F reports travel reimbursements from Kerry Taste and Nutrition, USDA, International Life Sciences Institute, Ajinomoto Co. Ing, British Nutrition Society, Nestl\u00e9 Nutrition Institute, AB Mauri, and the Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences, World Sugar Research Organization and Northern Irish Dairy Council, and speaking and lecture fees from Ferrero, PepsiCo Ing, General Mills Inc, and Mondelez International Inc. M.P.L. reports speaking and lecture fees, as well as travel reimbursement from Nestl\u00e9 Nutrition. All other authors report no declaration of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"261"}}