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A.K.R. reports educational support from Boston Scientific, Johnson & Johnson, Abbott and Medtronic. D.T. reports receiving lecture fees\/honoraria from Bayer Vital, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Medtronic, Pfizer Pharma, Sanofi-Aventis, St. Jude Medical and ZOLL CMS. The remaining authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the content of this paper to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"Human cardiac tissue samples were obtained from HF patients in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and with the regulations of the tissue bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT, Heidelberg, Germany), following approval of the Ethics Committee of Heidelberg University (Heidelberg, Germany) (institutional approval number S-390\/2011). Heart tissue samples from SR patients with preserved left ventricular function were acquired in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki following approval of the Ethics Committee of Heidelberg University (Heidelberg, Germany) (institutional approval number S295\/2018). Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. Animal experiments in this study have been carried out in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals as adopted and promulgated by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH publication No. 85\u201323, revised 1985), and the current version of the German Law on the Protection of Animals was followed. The investigation conforms to the Directive 2010\/63\/EU of the European Parliament. Cardiac tissue acquisition from pigs 7\u00a0days (ethics approval number G-106\/10) or 14\u00a0days (ethics approval number G-165\/12) after the initiation of atrial burst pacing and from control pigs not subjected to burst pacing was approved be the Animal Welfare Committee of the Regierungspr\u00e4sidium Karlsruhe (Karlsruhe, Germany). Experiments involving mouse cardiomyocytes were approved be the Animal Welfare Committee of the Regierungspr\u00e4sidium Karlsruhe (ethics approval number T-44\/18).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}],"article-number":"13"}}