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Adenosine is regulated by various enzymes and nucleoside transporters for its balance between intra- and extracellular compartments. Adenosine-mediated coronary microvascular tone and reactive hyperemia are through receptors mainly involving A\n                    <jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub>\n                    R activation on both endothelial and smooth muscle cells, but also involving interaction among other ARs. Activation of ARs further stimulates downstream targets of H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , K\n                    <jats:sub>ATP<\/jats:sub>\n                    , K\n                    <jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>\n                    and K\n                    <jats:sub>Ca2+<\/jats:sub>\n                    channels leading to coronary vasodilation. An altered adenosine-ARs signaling in coronary microcirculation has been observed in several cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease. Adenosine as a metabolite and its receptors have been studied for its both therapeutic and diagnostic abilities. The present review summarizes important aspects of adenosine metabolism and AR-mediated actions in the coronary microcirculation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-021-00859-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T06:03:29Z","timestamp":1616479409000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Adenosine and adenosine receptor-mediated action in coronary microcirculation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Wernly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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