{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T22:22:05Z","timestamp":1791411725093,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620000000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["200893"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200893"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Basic Res Cardiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stroke remains one of the most common causes of death and disability worldwide. Several preclinical studies demonstrated that the brain can be effectively protected against ischaemic stroke by two seemingly distinct treatments: remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC), involving cycles of ischaemia\/reperfusion applied to a peripheral organ or tissue, or by systemic administration of glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor (GLP-1R) agonists. The mechanisms underlying RIC- and GLP-1-induced neuroprotection are not completely understood. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that GLP-1 mediates neuroprotection induced by RIC and investigated the effect of GLP-1R activation on cerebral blood vessels, as a potential mechanism of GLP-1-induced protection against ischaemic stroke. A rat model of ischaemic stroke (90 min of\u00a0middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 24-h reperfusion) was used. RIC was induced by 4 cycles of 5\u00a0min left hind limb ischaemia interleaved with 5-min reperfusion periods. RIC markedly (by\u2009~\u200980%) reduced the cerebral infarct size and improved the neurological score. The neuroprotection established by RIC was abolished by systemic blockade of GLP-1R with a specific antagonist Exendin(9\u201339). In the cerebral cortex of GLP-1R reporter mice,\u2009~\u200970% of cortical arterioles displayed GLP-1R expression. In acute brain slices of the rat cerebral cortex, activation of GLP-1R with an agonist Exendin-4 had a strong dilatory effect on cortical arterioles and effectively reversed arteriolar constrictions induced by metabolite lactate or oxygen and glucose deprivation, as an ex vivo model of ischaemic stroke. In anaesthetised rats, Exendin-4 induced lasting increases in brain tissue PO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, indicative of increased cerebral blood flow. These results demonstrate that neuroprotection against ischaemic stroke established by remote ischaemic conditioning is mediated by a mechanism involving GLP-1R signalling. Potent dilatory effect of GLP-1R activation on cortical arterioles suggests that the neuroprotection in this model is mediated via modulation of cerebral blood flow and improved brain perfusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-021-00873-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T22:11:53Z","timestamp":1620079913000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor activation dilates cerebral arterioles, increases cerebral blood flow, and mediates remote (pre)conditioning neuroprotection against ischaemic stroke"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Shereen","family":"Nizari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Basalay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippa","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Korte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alla","family":"Korsak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel N.","family":"Christie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shefeeq M.","family":"Theparambil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean M.","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Reimann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Trapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek M.","family":"Yellon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3068-491X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander V.","family":"Gourine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"873_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e614","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001606","volume":"44","author":"GL Ackland","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ackland GL, Whittle J, Toner A, Machhada A, Del Arroyo AG, Sciuso A, Jenkins N, Dyson A, Struthers R, Sneyd JR, Minto G, Singer M, Shah AM, Gourine AV (2016) Molecular mechanisms linking autonomic dysfunction and impaired cardiac contractility in critical illness. Crit Care Med 44:e614\u2013e624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001606","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"873_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e006740","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.118.006740","volume":"11","author":"R Ang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ang R, Mastitskaya S, Hosford PS, Basalay M, Specterman M, Aziz Q, Li Y, Orini M, Taggart P, Lambiase PD, Gourine A, Tinker A, Gourine AV (2018) Modulation of cardiac ventricular excitability by GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1). Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 11:e006740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCEP.118.006740","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"873_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.739938","volume":"117","author":"K Ban","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ban K, Noyan-Ashraf MH, Hoefer J, Bolz SS, Drucker DJ, Husain M (2008) Cardioprotective and vasodilatory actions of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor are mediated through both glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor-dependent and -independent pathways. Circulation 117:2340\u20132350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.739938","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"873_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0002-2","volume":"14","author":"JC Baron","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baron JC (2018) Protecting the ischaemic penumbra as an adjunct to thrombectomy for acute stroke. Nat Rev Neurol 14:325\u2013337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41582-018-0002-2","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"873_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2012.064923","volume":"97","author":"M Basalay","year":"2012","unstructured":"Basalay M, Barsukevich V, Mastitskaya S, Mrochek A, Pernow J, Sj\u00f6quist P-O, Ackland GL, Gourine AV, Gourine A (2012) Remote ischaemic pre- and delayed postconditioning\u2014similar degree of cardioprotection but distinct mechanisms. Exp Physiol 97:908\u2013917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/expphysiol.2012.064923","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"873_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvw216","volume":"112","author":"MV Basalay","year":"2016","unstructured":"Basalay MV, Mastitskaya S, Mrochek A, Ackland GL, Del Arroyo AG, Sanchez J, Sjoquist P-O, Pernow J, Gourine AV, Gourine A (2016) Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mediates cardioprotection by remote ischaemic conditioning. Cardiovasc Res 112:669\u2013676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvw216","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"873_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvw238","volume":"113","author":"M Basalay","year":"2017","unstructured":"Basalay M, Mastitskaya S, Mrochek A, Ackland GL, del Arroyo AG, Sanchez J, Sjoquist P-O, Pernow J, Gourine AV, Gourine A (2017) Reply: Glucagon-like peptide-1 mediates cardioprotection by remote ischaemic conditioning. Cardiovasc Res 113:13\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvw238","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"873_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-018-0684-z","volume":"113","author":"MV Basalay","year":"2018","unstructured":"Basalay MV, Davidson SM, Gourine AV, Yellon DM (2018) Neural mechanisms in remote ischaemic conditioning in the heart and brain: Mechanistic and translational aspects. Basic Res Cardiol 113:1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00395-018-0684-z","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"key":"873_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-019-06915-8","volume":"33","author":"MV Basalay","year":"2019","unstructured":"Basalay MV, Davidson SM, Yellon DM (2019) Neuroprotection in rats following ischaemia-reperfusion injury by GLP-1 analogues\u2014liraglutide and semaglutide. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 33:661\u2013667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10557-019-06915-8","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drugs Ther"},{"key":"873_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74046-4","volume":"10","author":"MV Basalay","year":"2020","unstructured":"Basalay MV, Wiart M, Chauveau F, Dumot C, Leon C, Amaz C, Bolbos R, Cash D, Kim E, Mechtouff L, Cho TH, Nighoghossian N, Davidson SM, Ovize M, Yellon DM (2020) Neuroprotection by remote ischemic conditioning in the setting of acute ischemic stroke: a preclinical two-centre study. Sci Rep 10:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-74046-4","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"873_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-021-00843-1","volume":"116","author":"HE B\u00f8tker","year":"2021","unstructured":"B\u00f8tker HE (2021) Searching myocardial rescue through intermittent upper arm occlusion and lizard saliva. Basic Res Cardiol 116:5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00395-021-00843-1","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"key":"873_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3791\/52213","volume":"2015","author":"A Brandli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brandli A (2015) Remote limb ischemic preconditioning: a neuroprotective technique in rodents. J Vis Exp 2015:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/52213","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"873_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvw219","volume":"113","author":"DI Bromage","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bromage DI, Pickard JMJ, Rossello X, Ziff OJ, Burke N, Yellon DM, Davidson SM (2017) Remote ischaemic conditioning reduces infarct size in animal in vivo models of ischaemia-reperfusion injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Res 113:288\u2013297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvw219","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"873_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00040","author":"G Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen G, Thakkar M, Robinson C, Dor\u00e9 S (2018) Limb remote ischemic conditioning: mechanisms, anesthetics, and the potential for expanding therapeutic options. Front Neurol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2018.00040","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"873_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.02.019","volume":"1686","author":"X Cheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheng X, Zhao H, Yan F, Tao Z, Wang R, Han Z, Li G, Luo Y, Ji X (2018) Limb remote ischemic post-conditioning mitigates brain recovery in a mouse model of ischemic stroke by regulating reactive astrocytic plasticity. Brain Res 1686:94\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.02.019","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"873_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2015.07.008","volume":"4","author":"SC Cork","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cork SC, Richards JE, Holt MK, Gribble FM, Reimann F, Trapp S (2015) Distribution and characterisation of Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor expressing cells in the mouse brain. Mol Metab 4:718\u2013731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmet.2015.07.008","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"873_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.115.011395","volume":"68","author":"C de Graaf","year":"2016","unstructured":"de Graaf C, Donnelly D, Wootten D, Lau J, Sexton PM, Miller LJ, Ahn J-M, Liao J, Fletcher MM, Yang D, Brown AJH, Zhou C, Deng J, Wang M-W (2016) Glucagon-like peptide-1 and its class B G protein-coupled receptors: a long march to therapeutic successes. Pharmacol Rev 68:954\u20131013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/pr.115.011395","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"873_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600110","volume":"25","author":"IT Demchenko","year":"2005","unstructured":"Demchenko IT, Luchakov YI, Moskvin AN, Gutsaeva DR, Allen BW, Thalmann ED, Piantadosi CA (2005) Cerebral blood flow and brain oxygenation in rats breathing oxygen under pressure. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 25:1288\u20131300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600110","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"873_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1038\/nm919","volume":"9","author":"MJ During","year":"2003","unstructured":"During MJ, Cao L, Zuzga DS, Francis JS, Fitzsimons HL, Jiao X, Bland RJ, Klugmann M, Banks WA, Drucker DJ, Haile CN (2003) Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor is involved in learning and neuroprotection. Nat Med 9:1173\u20131179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm919","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"873_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.016429","volume":"48","author":"TJ England","year":"2017","unstructured":"England TJ, Hedstrom A, O\u2019Sullivan S, Donnelly R, Barrett DA, Sarmad S, Sprigg N, Bath PM (2017) RECAST (remote ischemic conditioning after stroke trial): a pilot randomized placebo controlled phase II trial in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 48:1412\u20131415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.016429","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"873_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2019.1587000","volume":"33","author":"D Erbil","year":"2019","unstructured":"Erbil D, Eren CY, Demirel C, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcker MU, Solaro\u011flu I, Eser HY (2019) GLP-1\u2019s role in neuroprotection: a systematic review. Brain Inj 33:734\u2013819. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02699052.2019.1587000","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"873_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-021-00842-2","volume":"116","author":"B Garc\u00eda Del Blanco","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda Del Blanco B, Otaegui I, Rodr\u00edguez-Palomares JF, Bay\u00e9s-Genis A, Fern\u00e1ndez-Nofrer\u00edas E, Vilalta Del Olmo V, Carrillo X, Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez B, Worner F, Casanova J, Pueo E, Gonz\u00e1lez-Juanatey JR, L\u00f3pez-Pais J, Bardaj\u00ed A, Bonet G, Fuertes M, Rodr\u00edguez-Sinovas A, Ruiz-Meana M, Inserte J, Barba I, G\u00f3mez-Talavera S, Mart\u00ed G, Serra B, Bellera N, Ojeda-Ramos M, Cuellar H, Valente F, Carmona M\u00c1, Mir\u00f3-Casas E, Marsal JR, Sambola A, Lid\u00f3n RM, Ba\u00f1eras J, El\u00edzaga J, Padilla F, Barrab\u00e9s JA, Hausenloy DJ, Ferreira-Gonz\u00e1lez I, Garc\u00eda-Dorado D (2021) Effect of COMBinAtion therapy with remote ischemic conditioning and exenatide on the Myocardial Infarct size: a two-by-two factorial randomized trial (COMBAT-MI). Basic Res Cardiol 116:4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00395-021-00842-2","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"key":"873_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-018-0672-3","volume":"113","author":"A Gaspar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gaspar A, Louren\u00e7o AP, Pereira M\u00c1, Azevedo P, Roncon-Albuquerque R, Marques J, Leite-Moreira AF (2018) Randomized controlled trial of remote ischaemic conditioning in ST-elevation myocardial infarction as adjuvant to primary angioplasty (RIC-STEMI). Basic Res Cardiol 113:14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00395-018-0672-3","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"key":"873_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12660","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12833-2","volume":"7","author":"N Gedik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gedik N, Kottenberg E, Thielmann M, Frey UH, Jakob H, Peters J, Heusch G, Kleinbongard P (2017) Potential humoral mediators of remote ischemic preconditioning in patients undergoing surgical coronary revascularization. Sci Rep 7:12660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-12833-2","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"873_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00041.2018","volume":"34","author":"AV Gourine","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gourine AV, Ackland GL (2018) Cardiac vagus and exercise. Physiology 34:71\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physiol.00041.2018","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"873_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00037.2013","volume":"29","author":"A Gourine","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gourine A, Gourine AV (2014) Neural mechanisms of cardioprotection. Physiology 29:133\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physiol.00037.2013","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"873_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2008.08.001","volume":"478","author":"BD Green","year":"2008","unstructured":"Green BD, Hand KV, Dougan JE, McDonnell BM, Cassidy RS, Grieve DJ (2008) GLP-1 and related peptides cause concentration-dependent relaxation of rat aorta through a pathway involving KATP and cAMP. Arch Biochem Biophys 478:136\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.abb.2008.08.001","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"873_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09226-y","volume":"266","author":"C Gregori-Pla","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gregori-Pla C, Blanco I, Camps-Renom P, Zirak P, Serra I, Cotta G, Maruccia F, Prats-S\u00e1nchez L, Mart\u00ednez-Dome\u00f1o A, Busch DR, Giacalone G, Mart\u00ed-F\u00e0bregas J, Durduran T, Delgado-Mederos R (2019) Early microvascular cerebral blood flow response to head-of-bed elevation is related to outcome in acute ischemic stroke. J Neurol 266:990\u2013997. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09226-y","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"873_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2960","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.622340","volume":"42","author":"CD Hahn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hahn CD, Manlhiot C, Schmidt MR, Nielsen TT, Redington AN (2011) Remote ischemic per-conditioning: a novel therapy for acute stroke? Stroke 42:2960\u20132962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.622340","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"873_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109537","volume":"120","author":"F Han","year":"2019","unstructured":"Han F, Hou N, Liu Y, Huang N, Pan R, Zhang X, Mao E, Sun X (2019) Liraglutide improves vascular dysfunction by regulating a cAMP-independent PKA-AMPK pathway in perivascular adipose tissue in obese mice. Biomed Pharmacother 120:109537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109537","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"873_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.223","volume":"11","author":"DC Hess","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hess DC, Blauenfeldt RA, Andersen G, Hougaard KD, Hoda MN, Ding Y, Ji X (2015) Remote ischaemic conditioning-a new paradigm of self-protection in the brain. Nat Rev Neurol 11:698\u2013710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.223","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"873_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-019-0756-8","volume":"114","author":"G Heusch","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heusch G (2019) Coronary microvascular obstruction: the new frontier in cardioprotection. Basic Res Cardiol 114:45. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00395-019-0756-8","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"key":"873_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-0403-y","volume":"17","author":"G Heusch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heusch G (2020) Myocardial ischaemia\u2013reperfusion injury and cardioprotection in perspective. Nat Rev Cardiol 17:773\u2013789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41569-020-0403-y","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"873_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00034.2006","volume":"87","author":"JJ Holst","year":"2007","unstructured":"Holst JJ (2007) The physiology of glucagon-like peptide 1. Physiol Rev 87:1409\u20131439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00034.2006","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"873_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2337\/db18-0729","volume":"68","author":"MK Holt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Holt MK, Richards JE, Cook DR, Brierley DI, Williams DL, Reimann F, Gribble FM, Trapp S (2019) Preproglucagon neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract are the main source of brain GLP-1, mediate stress-induced hypophagia, and limit unusually large intakes of food. Diabetes 68:21\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db18-0729","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"873_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.101024","author":"MK Holt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Holt MK, Cook DR, Brierley DI, Richards JE, Reimann F, Gourine AV, Marina N, Trapp S (2020) PPG neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract modulate heart rate but do not mediate GLP-1 receptor agonist-induced tachycardia in mice. Mol Metab. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.101024","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"873_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.001346","volume":"45","author":"KD Hougaard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hougaard KD, Hjort N, Zeidler D, S\u00f8rensen L, N\u00f8rgaard A, Hansen TM, von Weitzel-Mudersbach P, Simonsen CZ, Damgaard D, Gottrup H, Svendsen K, Rasmussen PV, Ribe LR, Mikkelsen IK, Nagenthiraja K, Cho T-H, Redington AN, B\u00f8tker HE, \u00d8stergaard L, Mouridsen K, Andersen G (2014) Remote ischemic perconditioning as an adjunct therapy to thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a randomized trial. Stroke 45:159\u2013167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.001346","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"873_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1460863","volume":"146","author":"H Hui","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hui H, Farilla L, Merkel P, Perfetti R (2002) The short half-life of glucagon-like peptide-1 in plasma does not reflect its long-lasting beneficial effects. Eur J Endocrinol 146:863\u2013869. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje.0.1460863","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"873_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.02.032","volume":"65","author":"B Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez B, Heusch G, Ovize M, Van de Werf F (2015) Evolving therapies for myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury. J Am Coll Cardiol 65:1454\u20131471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.02.032","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"873_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902710405","volume":"271","author":"S-LC Jin","year":"1988","unstructured":"Jin S-LC, Han VKM, Simmons JG, Towle AC, Lauder JM, Lund PK (1988) Distribution of glucagonlike peptide I (GLP-I), glucagon, and glicentin in the rat brain: an immunocytochemical study. J Comp Neurol 271:519\u2013532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cne.902710405","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"873_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000000046","volume":"25","author":"J Jin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jin J, Kang HM, Jung J, Jeong JW, Park C (2014) Related expressional change of HIF-1\u03b1 to the neuroprotective activity of exendin-4 in transient global ischemia. NeuroReport 25:65\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNR.0000000000000046","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"873_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30034-1","volume":"18","author":"CO Johnson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Johnson CO, Nguyen M, Roth GA, Nichols E, Alam T, Abate D, Abd-Allah F, Abdelalim A, Abraha HN, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Adebayo OM, Adeoye AM, Agarwal G, Agrawal S, Aichour AN, Aichour I, Aichour MTE, Alahdab F, Ali R, Alvis-Guzman N, Anber NH, Anjomshoa M, Arabloo J, Arauz A, \u00c4rnl\u00f6v J, Arora A, Awasthi A, Banach M, Barboza MA, Barker-Collo SL, B\u00e4rnighausen TW, Basu S, Belachew AB, Belayneh YM, Bennett DA, Bensenor IM, Bhattacharyya K, Biadgo B, Bijani A, Bikbov B, Bin Sayeed MS, Butt ZA, Cahuana-Hurtado L, Carrero JJ, Carvalho F, Casta\u00f1eda-Orjuela CA, Castro F, Catal\u00e1-L\u00f3pez F, Chaiah Y, Chiang PPC, Choi JYJ, Christensen H, Chu DT, Cortinovis M, Damasceno AAM, Dandona L, Dandona R, Daryani A, Davletov K, De Courten B, De la Cruz-G\u00f3ngora V, Degefa MG, Dharmaratne SD, Diaz D, Dubey M, Duken EE, Edessa D, Endres M, Faraon EJA, Farzadfar F, Fernandes E, Fischer F, Flor LS, Ganji M, Gebre AK, Gebremichael TG, Geta B, Gezae KE, Gill PS, Gnedovskaya EV, G\u00f3mez-Dant\u00e9s H, Goulart AC, Grosso G, Guo Y, Gupta R, Haj-Mirzaian A, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hamidi S, Hankey GJ, Hassen HY, Hay SI, Hegazy MI, Heidari B, Herial NA, Hosseini MA, Hostiuc S, Irvani SSN, Islam SMS, Jahanmehr N, Javanbakht M, Jha RP, Jonas JB, J\u00f3zwiak JJ, J\u00fcrisson M, Kahsay A, Kalani R, Kalkonde Y, Kamil TA, Kanchan T, Karch A, Karimi N, Karimi-Sari H, Kasaeian A, Kassa TD, Kazemeini H, Kefale AT, Khader YS, Khalil IA, Khan EA, Khang YH, Khubchandani J, Kim D, Kim YJ, Kisa A, Kivim\u00e4ki M, Koyanagi A, Krishnamurthi RK, Anil Kumar G, Lafranconi A, Lewington S, Li S, Lo WD, Lopez AD, Lorkowski S, Lotufo PA, Mackay MT, Majdan M, Majdzadeh R, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Manafi N, Mansournia MA, Mehndiratta MM, Mehta V, Mengistu G, Meretoja A, Meretoja TJ, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Miller TR, Mirrakhimov EM, Mohajer B, Mohammad Y, Mohammadoo-Khorasani M, Mohammed S, Mohebi F, Mokdad AH, Mokhayeri Y, Moradi G, Morawska L, Moreno Vel\u00e1squez I, Mousavi SM, Muhammed OSS, Muruet W, Naderi M, Naghavi M, Naik G, Nascimento BR, Negoi RI, Nguyen CT, Nguyen LH, Nirayo YL, Norrving B, Noubiap JJ, Ofori-Asenso R, Ogbo FA, Olagunju AT, Olagunju TO, Owolabi MO, Pandian JD, Patel S, Perico N, Piradov MA, Polinder S, Postma MJ, Poustchi H, Prakash V, Qorbani M, Rafiei A, Rahim F, Rahimi K, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman M, Rahman MA, Reis C, Remuzzi G, Renzaho AMN, Ricci S, Roberts NLS, Robinson SR, Roever L, Roshandel G, Sabbagh P, Safari H, Safari S, Safiri S, Sahebkar A, Salehi Zahabi S, Samy AM, Santalucia P, Santos IS, Santos JV, Santric Milicevic MM, Sartorius B, Sawant AR, Schutte AE, Sepanlou SG, Shafieesabet A, Shaikh MA, Shams-Beyranvand M, Sheikh A, Sheth KN, Shibuya K, Shigematsu M, Shin MJ, Shiue I, Siabani S, Sobaih BH, Sposato LA, Sutradhar I, Sylaja PA, Szoeke CEI, Te Ao BJ, Temsah MH, Temsah O, Thrift AG, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Tran BX, Tran KB, Truelsen TC, Tsadik AG, Ullah I, Uthman OA, Vaduganathan M, Valdez PR, Vasankari TJ, Vasanthan R, Venketasubramanian N, Vosoughi K, Vu GT, Waheed Y, Weiderpass E, Weldegwergs KG, Westerman R, Wolfe CDA, Wondafrash DZ, Xu G, Yadollahpour A, Yamada T, Yatsuya H, Yimer EM, Yonemoto N, Yousefifard M, Yu C, Zaidi Z, Zamani M, Zarghi A, Zhang Y, Zodpey S, Feigin VL, Vos T, Murray CJL (2019) Global, regional, and national burden of stroke, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol 18:439\u2013458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30034-1","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"873_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X15611912","volume":"36","author":"A Karagiannis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karagiannis A, Sylantyev S, Hadjihambi A, Hosford PS, Kasparov S, Gourine AV (2016) Hemichannel-mediated release of lactate. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 36:1202\u20131211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0271678X15611912","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"873_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp010","volume":"132","author":"B Karaszewski","year":"2009","unstructured":"Karaszewski B, Wardlaw JM, Marshall I, Cvoro V, Wartolowska K, Haga K, Armitage PA, Bastin ME, Dennis MS (2009) Early brain temperature elevation and anaerobic metabolism in human acute ischaemic stroke. Brain 132:955\u2013964. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awp010","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"873_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-005-0539-2","volume":"100","author":"F Kerendi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kerendi F, Kin H, Halkos ME, Jiang R, Zatta AJ, Zhao ZQ, Guyton RA, Vinten-Johansen J (2005) Remote postconditioning: Brief renal ischemia and reperfusion applied before coronary artery reperfusion reduces myocardial infarct size via endogenous activation of adenosine receptors. Basic Res Cardiol 100:404\u2013412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00395-005-0539-2","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"key":"873_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.09.068","volume":"27","author":"K Kitagawa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kitagawa K, Saitoh M, Ishizuka K, Shimizu S (2018) Remote limb ischemic conditioning during cerebral ischemia reduces infarct size through enhanced collateral circulation in murine focal cerebral ischemia. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 27:831\u2013838. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.09.068","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"873_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-016-1922-6","volume":"469","author":"P Kleinbongard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kleinbongard P, Skyschally A, Heusch G (2017) Cardioprotection by remote ischemic conditioning and its signal transduction. Pflugers Arch 469:159\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00424-016-1922-6","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"873_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.012934","volume":"47","author":"T Kuroki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kuroki T, Tanaka R, Shimada Y, Yamashiro K, Ueno Y, Shimura H, Urabe T, Hattori N (2016) Exendin-4 inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-9 activation and reduces infarct growth after focal cerebral ischemia in hyperglycemic mice. Stroke 47:1328\u20131335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.012934","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"873_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.025494","volume":"50","author":"TRJ Landman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Landman TRJ, Schoon Y, Warl\u00e9 MC, de Leeuw F-E, Thijssen DHJ (2019) Remote ischemic conditioning as an additional treatment for acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 50:1934\u20131939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.025494","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"873_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22596","volume":"89","author":"CH Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee CH, Yan B, Yoo K-Y, Choi JH, Kwon S-H, Her S, Sohn Y, Hwang IK, Cho JH, Kim Y-M, Won M-H (2011) Ischemia-induced changes in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor and neuroprotective effect of its agonist, exendin-4, in experimental transient cerebral ischemia. J Neurosci Res 89:1103\u20131113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jnr.22596","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"873_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0806720106","volume":"106","author":"Y Li","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li Y, Perry TA, Kindy MS, Harvey BK, Tweedie D, Holloway HW, Powers K, Shen H, Egan JM, Sambamurti K, Brossi A, Lahiri DK, Mattson MP, Hoffer BJ, Wang Y, Greig NH (2009) GLP-1 receptor stimulation preserves primary cortical and dopaminergic neurons in cellular and rodent models of stroke and Parkinsonism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:1285\u20131290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0806720106","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"873_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.313859","volume":"123","author":"HR Lieder","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lieder HR, Kleinbongard P, Skyschally A, Hagelschuer H, Chilian WM, Heusch G (2018) Vago-splenic axis in signal transduction of remote ischemic preconditioning in pigs and rats. Circ Res 123:1152\u20131163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.313859","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"873_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.02.023","volume":"180","author":"IJ Llewellyn-Smith","year":"2011","unstructured":"Llewellyn-Smith IJ, Reimann F, Gribble FM, Trapp S (2011) Preproglucagon neurons project widely to autonomic control areas in the mouse brain. Neuroscience 180:111\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.02.023","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"873_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.112.968388","volume":"5","author":"J L\u00f8nborg","year":"2012","unstructured":"L\u00f8nborg J, Kelb\u00e6k H, Vejlstrup N, B\u00f8tker HE, Kim WY, Holmvang L, J\u00f8rgensen E, Helqvist S, Saunam\u00e4ki K, Terkelsen CJ, Schoos MM, K\u00f8ber L, Clemmensen P, Treiman M, Engstr\u00f8m T (2012) Exenatide reduces final infarct size in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction and short-duration of ischemia. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 5:288\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.112.968388","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"873_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69122-8","volume":"10","author":"J Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma J, Ma Y, Shuaib A, Winship IR (2020) Improved collateral flow and reduced damage after remote ischemic perconditioning during distal middle cerebral artery occlusion in aged rats. Sci Rep 10:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-69122-8","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"873_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15097","volume":"8","author":"A Machhada","year":"2017","unstructured":"Machhada A, Trapp S, Marina N, Stephens RCM, Whittle J, Lythgoe MF, Kasparov S, Ackland GL, Gourine AV (2017) Vagal determinants of exercise capacity. Nat Commun 8:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms15097","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"873_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2018.19","volume":"19","author":"PJ Magistretti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Magistretti PJ, Allaman I (2018) Lactate in the brain: From metabolic end-product to signalling molecule. Nat Rev Neurosci 19:235\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn.2018.19","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"873_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13956-y","volume":"11","author":"N Marina","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marina N, Christie IN, Korsak A, Doronin M, Brazhe A, Hosford PS, Wells JA, Sheikhbahaei S, Humoud I, Paton JFR, Lythgoe MF, Semyanov A, Kasparov S, Gourine AV (2020) Astrocytes monitor cerebral perfusion and control systemic circulation to maintain brain blood flow. Nat Commun 11:131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-13956-y","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"873_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12974","volume":"122","author":"IR Marlet","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marlet IR, \u00d6lmestig JNE, Vilsb\u00f8ll T, Rungby J, Kruuse C (2018) Neuroprotective mechanisms of glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies in ischaemic stroke: a systematic review based on pre-clinical studies. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 122:559\u2013569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bcpt.12974","journal-title":"Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"873_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603827","volume":"375","author":"SP Marso","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown-Frandsen K, Kristensen P, Mann JFE, Nauck MA, Nissen SE, Pocock S, Poulter NR, Ravn LS, Steinberg WM, Stockner M, Zinman B, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, Steering Committee LEADER, Trial Investigators LEADER (2016) Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 375:311\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1603827","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"873_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607141","volume":"375","author":"SP Marso","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, Eliaschewitz FG, J\u00f3dar E, Leiter LA, Lingvay I, Rosenstock J, Seufert J, Warren ML, Woo V, Hansen O, Holst AG, Pettersson J, Vilsb\u00f8ll T, SUSTAIN-6 Investigators (2016) Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 375:1834\u20131844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1607141","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"873_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvs212","volume":"95","author":"S Mastitskaya","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mastitskaya S, Marina N, Gourine A, Gilbey MP, Spyer KM, Teschemacher AG, Kasparov S, Trapp S, Ackland GL, Gourine AV (2012) Cardioprotection evoked by remote ischaemic preconditioning is critically dependent on the activity of vagal pre-ganglionic neurones. Cardiovasc Res 95:487\u2013494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvs212","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"873_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150108","volume":"11","author":"S Mastitskaya","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mastitskaya S, Basalay M, Hosford PS, Ramage AG, Gourine A, Gourine AV (2016) Identifying the source of a humoral factor of remote (pre)conditioning cardioprotection. PLoS ONE 11:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0150108","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"873_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2014.019","volume":"9","author":"A Mishra","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mishra A, O\u2019Farrell FM, Reynell C, Hamilton NB, Hall CN, Attwell D (2014) Imaging pericytes and capillary diameter in brain slices and isolated retinae. Nat Protoc 9:323\u2013336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nprot.2014.019","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"873_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4428","volume":"19","author":"A Mishra","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mishra A, Reynolds JP, Chen Y, Gourine AV, Rusakov DA, Attwell D (2016) Astrocytes mediate neurovascular signaling to capillary pericytes but not to arterioles. Nat Neurosci 19:1619\u20131627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.4428","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"873_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2019.09.010","volume":"30","author":"TD M\u00fcller","year":"2019","unstructured":"M\u00fcller TD, Finan B, Bloom SR, D\u2019Alessio D, Drucker DJ, Flatt PR, Fritsche A, Gribble F, Grill HJ, Habener JF, Holst JJ, Langhans W, Meier JJ, Nauck MA, Perez-Tilve D, Pocai A, Reimann F, Sandoval DA, Schwartz TW, Seeley RJ, Stemmer K, Tang-Christensen M, Woods SC, DiMarchi RD, Tsch\u00f6p MH (2019) Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Mol Metab 30:72\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmet.2019.09.010","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"873_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011791","volume":"131","author":"E Osto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Osto E, Doytcheva P, Corteville C, Bueter M, D\u00f6rig C, Stivala S, Buhmann H, Colin S, Rohrer L, Hasballa R, Tailleux A, Wolfrum C, Tona F, Manz J, Vetter D, Spliethoff K, Vanhoutte PM, Landmesser U, Pattou F, Staels B, Matter CM, Lutz TA, L\u00fcscher TF (2015) Rapid and body weight-independent improvement of endothelial and high-density lipoprotein function after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: role of glucagon-like peptide-1. Circulation 131:871\u2013881. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011791","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"873_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.0326","volume":"77","author":"F Pico","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pico F, Lapergue B, Ferrigno M, Rosso C, Meseguer E, Chadenat ML, Bourdain F, Obadia M, Hirel C, Duong DL, Deltour S, Aegerter P, Labreuche J, Cattenoy A, Smadja D, Hosseini H, Guillon B, Wolff V, Samson Y, Cordonnier C, Amarenco P (2020) Effect of in-hospital remote ischemic perconditioning on brain infarction growth and clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic Stroke: The RESCUE BRAIN randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol 77:725\u2013734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.0326","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"873_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-020-01836-8","volume":"20","author":"F Purroy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Purroy F, Garc\u00eda C, Mauri G, Pereira C, Torres C, Vazquez-Justes D, Vicente-Pascual M, Vena A, Arque G (2020) Induced neuroprotection by remote ischemic perconditioning as a new paradigm in ischemic stroke at the acute phase, a systematic review. BMC Neurol 20:266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-020-01836-8","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"873_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S231944","volume":"16","author":"C Qin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qin C, Yan X, Jin H, Zhang R, He Y, Sun X, Zhang Y, Guo Z-N, Yang Y (2020) Effects of remote ischemic conditioning on cerebral hemodynamics in ischemic stroke. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 16:283\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NDT.S231944","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"873_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1440","volume":"63","author":"P Richards","year":"2014","unstructured":"Richards P, Parker HE, Adriaenssens AE, Hodgson JM, Cork SC, Trapp S, Gribble FM, Reimann F (2014) Identification and characterization of GLP-1 receptor-expressing cells using a new transgenic mouse model. Diabetes 63:1224\u20131233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db13-1440","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"873_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-020-00882-1","author":"AJ Ripley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ripley AJ, Jeffers MS, McDonald MW, Montroy J, Dykes A, Fergusson DA, Silasi G, Lalu MM, Corbett D (2021) Neuroprotection by remote ischemic conditioning in rodent models of focal ischemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transl Stroke Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12975-020-00882-1","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"key":"873_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-101794","volume":"48","author":"E S\u00e9lley","year":"2016","unstructured":"S\u00e9lley E, Kun S, Szij\u00e1rt\u00f3 IA, Kert\u00e9sz M, Wittmann I, Moln\u00e1r GA (2016) Vasodilator effect of glucagon: receptorial crosstalk among glucagon, GLP-1, and receptor for glucagon and GLP-1. Horm Metab Res 48:476\u2013483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0042-101794","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"873_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.014181","volume":"47","author":"P Seners","year":"2016","unstructured":"Seners P, Turc G, Ma\u00efer B, Mas J-L, Oppenheim C, Baron J-C (2016) Incidence and predictors of early recanalization after intravenous thrombolysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke 47:2409\u20132412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.014181","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"873_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.306878","volume":"117","author":"A Skyschally","year":"2015","unstructured":"Skyschally A, Gent S, Amanakis G, Schulte C, Kleinbongard P, Heusch G (2015) Across-species transfer of protection by remote ischemic preconditioning with species-specific myocardial signal transduction by reperfusion injury salvage kinase and survival activating factor enhancement pathways. Circ Res 117:279\u2013288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.306878","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"873_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2006.01.020","volume":"155","author":"NJ Spratt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Spratt NJ, Fernandez J, Chen M, Rewell S, Cox S, van Raay L, Hogan L, Howells DW (2006) Modification of the method of thread manufacture improves stroke induction rate and reduces mortality after thread-occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in young or aged rats. J Neurosci Methods 155:285\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2006.01.020","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"873_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.199","volume":"32","author":"J Sun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sun J, Tong L, Luan Q, Deng J, Li Y, Li Z, Dong H, Xiong L (2012) Protective effect of delayed remote limb ischemic postconditioning: role of mitochondrial K(ATP) channels in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 32:851\u2013859. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.199","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"873_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.51","volume":"31","author":"S Teramoto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Teramoto S, Miyamoto N, Yatomi K, Tanaka Y, Oishi H, Arai H, Hattori N, Urabe T (2011) Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, provides neuroprotection in mice transient focal cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 31:1696\u20131705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.51","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"873_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600576","volume":"28","author":"JP Van Der Zijden","year":"2008","unstructured":"Van Der Zijden JP, Bouts MJRJ, Wu O, Roeling TAP, Bleys RLAW, Van Der Toorn A, Dijkhuizen RM (2008) Manganese-enhanced MRI of brain plasticity in relation to functional recovery after experimental stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 28:832\u2013840. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600576","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"873_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25739","volume":"554","author":"M Vanlandewijck","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vanlandewijck M, He L, M\u00e4e MA, Andrae J, Ando K, Del Gaudio F, Nahar K, Lebouvier T, Lavi\u00f1a B, Gouveia L, Sun Y, Raschperger E, R\u00e4s\u00e4nen M, Zarb Y, Mochizuki N, Keller A, Lendahl U, Betsholtz C (2018) A molecular atlas of cell types and zonation in the brain vasculature. Nature 554:475\u2013480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature25739","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"873_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.09.061","volume":"274","author":"D Verouhis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Verouhis D, Saleh N, Settergren M, S\u00f6rensson P, Gourine A, Pernow J (2019) Remote ischemic conditioning protects against endothelial ischemia-reperfusion injury via a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor-mediated mechanism in humans. Int J Cardiol 274:40\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.09.061","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"873_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12174","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.48135","volume":"10","author":"A Vinciguerra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vinciguerra A, Cepparulo P, Anzilotti S, Cuomo O, Valsecchi V, Amoroso S, Annunziato L, Pignataro G (2020) Remote postconditioning ameliorates stroke damage by preventing let-7a and miR-143 up-regulation. Theranostics 10:12174\u201312188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/thno.48135","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"873_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3064","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.017691","volume":"48","author":"Y Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang Y, Meng R, Song H, Liu G, Hua Y, Cui D, Zheng L, Feng W, Liebeskind DS, Fisher M, Ji X (2017) Remote ischemic conditioning may improve outcomes of patients with cerebral small-vessel disease. Stroke 48:3064\u20133072. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.017691","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"873_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X20924077","author":"P Weir","year":"2020","unstructured":"Weir P, Maguire R, O\u2019Sullivan SE, England TJ (2020) A meta-analysis of remote ischaemic conditioning in experimental stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0271678X20924077","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"873_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2013.04.015","volume":"1517","author":"D Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang D, Nakajo Y, Iihara K, Kataoka H, Yanamoto H (2013) Alogliptin, a dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitor, for patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, induces tolerance to focal cerebral ischemia in non-diabetic, normal mice. Brain Res 1517:104\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2013.04.015","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"873_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15059","author":"R Zhai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhai R, Xu H, Hu F, Wu J, Kong X, Sun X (2020) GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 regulates retinal capillary tone and restores microvascular patency under ischemia-reperfusion injury. Br J Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bph.15059","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Basic Research in Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00395-021-00873-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00395-021-00873-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00395-021-00873-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T18:07:12Z","timestamp":1642615632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00395-021-00873-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["873"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00395-021-00873-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-8428","1435-1803"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-8428","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-1803","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 November 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 May 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"32"}}