{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T02:33:03Z","timestamp":1772591583340,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Herzschr Elektrophys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Zusammenfassung<\/jats:title><jats:p>Der implantierbare Kardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) war ein Durchbruch in der Pr\u00e4vention des pl\u00f6tzlichen Herztodes. Nach jahrelanger technischer Entwicklung durch Michel Mirowski erfolgten trotz vieler Widerst\u00e4nde in den USA 1980 erste Implantationen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass Kammerflimmern zuverl\u00e4ssig durch den ICD automatisch erkannt und defibrilliert wurde. Knapp 4\u00a0Jahre nach den USA begannen mehrere Zentren, in Deutschland ICDs zu implantieren. Bald wurden au\u00dferhalb der USA in Deutschland die meisten Patienten versorgt. Die absolute Zahl der Implantationen war weiterhin klein, solange nur Implantationen mittels Thorakotomie und epikardialen Defibrillationselektroden m\u00f6glich waren. Anfang der 1990er Jahre konnte ein ICD pektoral, wie ein Schrittmacher, in Kombination mit einer transven\u00f6sen Defibrillationselektrode implantiert werden. Die Implantationszahlen stiegen sprunghaft an. Die klinische Forschung in Deutschland begleitete die technischen Fortentwicklungen und hier erfolgten viele First-in-human-Studien. In den USA und Deutschland wurden 1991 erste Leitlinien zur Indikation herausgegeben. Randomisierte Studien zur Mortalit\u00e4t, zumeist unter amerikanischer Leitung mit deutscher Beteiligung, aber auch unter deutscher Leitung (CASH, CAT, DINAMIT, IRIS), wurden zwischen 1996 und 2009 publiziert. Die Ergebnisse dieser lang zur\u00fcckliegenden Studien wurden 2016 in Frage gestellt, als die DANISH-Studie keine signifikante Verbesserung der Mortalit\u00e4t ergab. Die Implantationszahlen sind seitdem r\u00fcckl\u00e4ufig. Derzeit wird daran geforscht, genau die Patienten zu versorgen, die trotz optimaler Therapie vor dem pl\u00f6tzlichen Herztod gesch\u00fctzt werden m\u00fcssen. Risikoscores unter Einbeziehung myokardialer Narben in der Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) und genetischer Information sollen hierzu beitragen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00399-024-01001-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T14:02:56Z","timestamp":1709215376000},"page":"55-67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Die Geschichte des implantierbaren Kardioverter-Defibrillators in Deutschland","History of the implantable cardioverter\u2013defibrillator in Germany"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Block","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helmut U.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"1001_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1991.tb04137.x","volume":"14","author":"M Mower","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mower\u00a0M (1991) Building the AICD with Michel Mirowski. 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