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This study sought to correlate region-specific\n                    <jats:italic>TREM2<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA expression with diverse neuropathological measures at autopsy using a large sample size (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009945) of bulk RNA sequencing data from the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project (ROS\/MAP).\n                    <jats:italic>TREM2<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene expression of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and caudate nucleus was assessed with respect to core pathology of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (amyloid-\u03b2, and tau), cerebrovascular pathology (cerebral infarcts, arteriolosclerosis, atherosclerosis, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy), microglial activation (proportion of activated microglia), and cognitive performance. We found that cortical\n                    <jats:italic>TREM2<\/jats:italic>\n                    levels were positively related to AD diagnosis, cognitive decline, and amyloid-\u03b2 neuropathology but were not related to the proportion of activated microglia. In contrast, caudate\n                    <jats:italic>TREM2<\/jats:italic>\n                    levels were not related to AD pathology, cognition, or diagnosis, but were positively related to the proportion of activated microglia in the same region. Diagnosis-stratified results revealed caudate\n                    <jats:italic>TREM2<\/jats:italic>\n                    levels were inversely related to AD neuropathology and positively related to microglial activation and longitudinal cognitive performance in AD cases. These results highlight the notable changes in\n                    <jats:italic>TREM2<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcript abundance in AD and suggest that its pathological associations are brain-region-dependent.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-023-02564-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]],"date-time":"2023-03-25T15:02:48Z","timestamp":1679756568000},"page":"733-747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["TREM2 gene expression associations with Alzheimer\u2019s disease neuropathology are region-specific: implications for cortical versus subcortical microglia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9798-2589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Winfree","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mabel","family":"Seto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Logan","family":"Dumitrescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vilas","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"De Jager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela L.","family":"Jefferson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Hohman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2564_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12365","volume":"27","author":"Z Arvanitakis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arvanitakis Z, Capuano AW, Leurgans SE, Buchman AS, Bennett DA, Schneider JA (2017) The relationship of cerebral vessel pathology to brain microinfarcts. 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