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TFEB activation results in its translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus. Here, we investigated TFEB subcellular localization and its relation to intracellular alpha-synuclein (aSyn) accumulation in <jats:italic>post-mortem<\/jats:italic> human brain of individuals with either incidental Lewy body disease (iLBD), <jats:italic>GBA<\/jats:italic>-related PD\/DLB\u00a0(<jats:italic>GBA<\/jats:italic>-PD\/DLB) or sporadic PD\/DLB\u00a0(sPD\/DLB), compared to control subjects. We analyzed nigral dopaminergic neurons using high-resolution confocal and stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy and semi-quantitatively scored the TFEB subcellular localization patterns. We observed reduced nuclear TFEB immunoreactivity in PD\/DLB patients compared to controls, both in sporadic and <jats:italic>GBA<\/jats:italic>-related cases, as well as in iLBD cases. Nuclear depletion of TFEB was more pronounced in neurons with Ser129-phosphorylated (pSer129) aSyn accumulation in all groups. Importantly, we observed previously-unidentified TFEB-immunopositive perinuclear clusters in human dopaminergic neurons, which localized at the Golgi apparatus. These TFEB clusters were more frequently observed and more severe in iLBD, sPD\/DLB and <jats:italic>GBA<\/jats:italic>-PD\/DLB compared to controls, particularly in pSer129 aSyn-positive neurons, but also in neurons lacking detectable aSyn accumulation. In aSyn-negative cells, cytoplasmic TFEB clusters were more frequently observed in <jats:italic>GBA<\/jats:italic>-PD\/DLB and iLBD patients, and correlated with reduced <jats:italic>GBA<\/jats:italic> enzymatic activity as well as increased Braak LB stage. Altered TFEB distribution was accompanied by a reduction in overall mRNA expression levels of selected TFEB-regulated genes, indicating a possible early dysfunction of lysosomal regulation. Overall, we observed cytoplasmic TFEB retention and accumulation at the Golgi in cells without apparent pSer129 aSyn accumulation in iLBD and PD\/DLB patients. This suggests potential TFEB impairment at the early stages of cellular disease and underscores TFEB as a promising therapeutic target for synucleinopathies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-024-02707-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,6]],"date-time":"2024-04-06T12:01:27Z","timestamp":1712404887000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Altered TFEB subcellular localization in nigral neurons of subjects with incidental, sporadic and GBA-related Lewy body diseases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"Tim E.","family":"Moors","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martino L.","family":"Morella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesc","family":"Bertran-Cobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanneke","family":"Geut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinod","family":"Udayar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelien","family":"Timmermans-Huisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela M. 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M.L.M, T.E.M., V.U. and R.J. are or were full-time employees of Roche\/F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, and may additionally hold Roche stock\/stock options.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"<i>Post-mortem<\/i> human brain tissue from clinically diagnosed and neuropathologically verified donors with PD, DLB, iLBD as well as non-demented controls was collected by the Netherlands Brain Bank (NBB, ). In compliance with all local ethical and legal guidelines, informed consent for brain autopsy and the use of brain tissue and clinical information for scientific research was given by either the donor or the next of kin. The Code of Conduct and Ethical Declaration of the NBB are publicly accessible [, , ]. 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