{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T10:48:56Z","timestamp":1792234136917,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24 NS072026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24 NS072026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AG019610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AG019610"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AG066519"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AG066519"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007306","name":"Arizona Department of Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["contract 211002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["contract 211002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007306","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008335","name":"Arizona Biomedical Research Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["contracts 4001, 0011, 05-901 and 1001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["contracts 4001, 0011, 05-901 and 1001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008335","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005760","name":"University of Gothenburg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005760","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Neuropathol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a cerebrovascular disorder characterized by the deposition of amyloid-\u03b2 (A\u03b2) in the walls of leptomeningeal and cortical blood vessels that increases risk of intracerebral hemorrhages and progressive cognitive decline. More than 90% of individuals with Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) exhibit some level of CAA. Notably, in the new era of disease-modifying treatments for AD, CAA is a significant risk factor for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), an\u00a0adverse event associated with anti-amyloid treatments. Therefore, there is great need for accessible, reliable and accurate in vivo biomarkers (e.g., blood-based) to improve antemortem identification of CAA that would improve risk stratification and reduce symptomatic ARIA. In this study, we employed the Nucleic Acid-Linked Immuno-Sandwich Assay (NULISA\u2122) central nervous system panel for exploratory biomarker quantification in antemortem plasma of participants with neuropathological assessments for CAA from the Banner Sun Health Research Institute Brain and Body Donation Program (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009251) and independently validated in the University of California Irvine Alzheimer Disease Research Center cohort (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009110). We evaluated the differential protein expression in antemortem plasma sample taken\u2009&lt;\u20095\u00a0years (mean 1.76\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3) from death using a logistic regression model. We further compared multi-biomarker models and found that a combination of CRP, IL4, CCL11, NPY and PDLIM5, plus demographic covariates showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.90 (95% CI 0.86\u20130.94) to identify neuropathologically confirmed CAA in the discovery cohort. In our independent replication, the antemortem plasma signature performed better than the basic demographics model showing a potential to predict CAA. The exploration and validation in antemortem plasma indicate that a multi-analyte panel, when combined with in vivo blood biomarkers for AD pathology, may be capable of identifying\u00a0the presence of\u00a0CAA and could have an meaningful impact on the clinical evaluation of patients under the investigation for cognitive decline. Further developments in biomarkers for this condition are crucial so that CAA identification could inform treatment decisions by highlighting ARIA risk.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-026-03030-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T18:48:32Z","timestamp":1779302912000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A plasma protein signature for cerebral amyloid angiopathy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"Alpana","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa N.","family":"Denkinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Leuzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kari","family":"Dieckhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jame","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taina M.","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"Monuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua D.","family":"Grill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christy","family":"Hom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Sultzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Doran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ira","family":"Lott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brianna","family":"Gawronski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lourdes","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parichita","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Atri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Beach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geidy E.","family":"Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. Ahmad","family":"Sajjadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendall","family":"Van Keuren-Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric M.","family":"Reiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Head","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Ashton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"3030_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14621","volume":"21","author":"NJ Ashton","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ashton NJ, Benedet AL, Molfetta GD, Pola I, Anastasi F, Fern\u00e1ndez-Lebrero A et al (2025) Biomarker discovery in Alzheimer\u2019s and neurodegenerative diseases using nucleic acid linked immuno-sandwich assay. Alzheimers Dement 21:e14621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.14621","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"3030_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.5319","volume":"81","author":"NJ Ashton","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ashton NJ, Brum WS, Di Molfetta G, Benedet AL, Arslan B, Jonaitis E et al (2024) Diagnostic accuracy of a plasma phosphorylated Tau 217 immunoassay for Alzheimer disease pathology. JAMA Neurol 81:255\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.5319","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"3030_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1159\/000092317","volume":"2","author":"A Atri","year":"2005","unstructured":"Atri A, Locascio JJ, Lin JM, Yap L, Dickerson BC, Grodstein F et al (2005) Prevalence and effects of lobar microhemorrhages in early-stage dementia. Neurodegener Dis 2:305\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000092317","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis"},{"key":"3030_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-191254","volume":"74","author":"G Banerjee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Banerjee G, Ambler G, Keshavan A, Paterson RW, Foiani MS, Toombs J et al (2020) Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in cerebral amyloid angiopathy. J Alzheimers Dis 74:1189\u20131201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-191254","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"3030_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-314697","volume":"88","author":"G Banerjee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Banerjee G, Carare R, Cordonnier C, Greenberg SM, Schneider JA, Smith EE et al (2017) The increasing impact of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: essential new insights for clinical practice. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 88:982\u2013994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2016-314697","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"3030_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/neup.12189","volume":"35","author":"TG Beach","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beach TG, Adler CH, Sue LI, Serrano G, Shill HA, Walker DG et al (2015) Arizona study of aging and neurodegenerative disorders and brain and body donation program. Neuropathology 35:354\u2013389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/neup.12189","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"key":"3030_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-201213","volume":"79","author":"TG Beach","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beach TG, Malek-Ahmadi M (2021) Alzheimer\u2019s disease neuropathological comorbidities are common in the younger-old. J Alzheimers Dis 79:389\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-201213","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"3030_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.01.13.25319971","author":"TG Beach","year":"2025","unstructured":"Beach TG, Serrano GE, Driver-Dunckley ED, Sue LI, Shill HA, Mehta SH et al (2025) Parkinson disease neuropathological comorbidities: prevalences from younger-old to older-old, with comparison to non-demented, non-parkinsonian subjects. medRxiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.01.13.25319971","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"3030_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00942-0","volume":"14","author":"AL Benedet","year":"2022","unstructured":"Benedet AL, Brum WS, Hansson O, Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Karikari TK, Zimmer ER et al (2022) The accuracy and robustness of plasma biomarker models for amyloid PET positivity. Alzheimers Res Ther 14:26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-021-00942-0","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"3030_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nly049","volume":"77","author":"LM Besser","year":"2018","unstructured":"Besser LM, Kukull WA, Teylan MA, Bigio EH, Cairns NJ, Kofler JK et al (2018) The Revised National Alzheimer\u2019s Coordinating Center\u2019s Neuropathology Form\u2014available data and new analyses. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 77:717\u2013726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnen\/nly049","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"3030_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2011.7.1.1","volume":"7","author":"A Biffi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Biffi A, Greenberg SM (2011) Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: a systematic review. J Clin Neurol Seoul 7:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3988\/jcn.2011.7.1.1","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol Seoul"},{"key":"3030_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2003.08.019","volume":"14","author":"M Bornebroek","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bornebroek M, De Jonghe C, Haan J, Kumar-Singh S, Younkin S, Roos R et al (2003) Hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis Dutch type (AbetaPP 693): decreased plasma amyloid-beta 42 concentration. Neurobiol Dis 14:619\u2013623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2003.08.019","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"3030_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-006-0127-z","volume":"112","author":"H Braak","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braak H, Alafuzoff I, Arzberger T, Kretzschmar H, Del Tredici K (2006) Staging of Alzheimer disease-associated neurofibrillary pathology using paraffin sections and immunocytochemistry. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 112:389\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-006-0127-z","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol (Berl)"},{"key":"3030_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1991.tb00661.x","volume":"1","author":"H Braak","year":"1991","unstructured":"Braak H, Braak E (1991) Demonstration of amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary changes in whole brain sections. Brain Pathol 1:213\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1991.tb00661.x","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"3030_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-025-01763-1","volume":"17","author":"N Bregman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bregman N, Nathan T, Shir D, Omer N, Levy MH, David AB et al (2025) Lecanemab in clinical practice: real-world outcomes in early Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 17:119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-025-01763-1","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"3030_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105466","volume":"110","author":"H van den Brink","year":"2024","unstructured":"van den Brink H, Voigt S, Kozberg M, van Etten ES (2024) The role of neuroinflammation in cerebral amyloid angiopathy. EBioMedicine 110:105466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105466","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"3030_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01534","volume":"10","author":"Y Chantran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chantran Y, Capron J, Alamowitch S, Aucouturier P (2019) Anti-A\u03b2 antibodies and cerebral amyloid angiopathy complications. Front Immunol 10:1534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01534","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3030_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00208-3","volume":"21","author":"A Charidimou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Charidimou A, Boulouis G, Frosch MP, Baron J-C, Pasi M, Albucher JF et al (2022) The Boston criteria version 2.0 for cerebral amyloid angiopathy: a multicentre, retrospective, MRI-neuropathology diagnostic accuracy study. Lancet Neurol 21:714\u2013725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00208-3","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"3030_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-316851","volume":"89","author":"A Charidimou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Charidimou A, Farid K, Tsai H-H, Tsai L-K, Yen R-F, Baron J-C (2018) Amyloid-PET burden and regional distribution in cerebral amyloid angiopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of biomarker performance. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 89:410\u2013417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2017-316851","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"3030_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.0832","volume":"73","author":"A Charidimou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Charidimou A, Martinez-Ramirez S, Reijmer YD, Oliveira-Filho J, Lauer A, Roongpiboonsopit D et al (2016) Total magnetic resonance imaging burden of small vessel disease in cerebral amyloid angiopathy: an imaging-pathologic study of concept validation. JAMA Neurol 73:994\u20131001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.0832","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"3030_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e358","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007818","volume":"93","author":"A Charidimou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Charidimou A, Zonneveld HI, Shams S, Kantarci K, Shoamanesh A, Hilal S et al (2019) APOE and cortical superficial siderosis in CAA: meta-analysis and potential mechanisms. Neurology 93:e358\u2013e371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007818","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3030_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22062931","volume":"22","author":"P Chatterjee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chatterjee P, Tegg M, Pedrini S, Fagan AM, Xiong C, Singh AK et al (2021) Plasma Amyloid-Beta levels in a pre-symptomatic Dutch-type hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy pedigree: a cross-sectional and longitudinal investigation. Int J Mol Sci 22:2931. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22062931","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3030_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E19","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7586","volume":"43","author":"PM Cogswell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cogswell PM, Barakos JA, Barkhof F, Benzinger TS, Jack CR, Poussaint TY et al (2022) Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities with emerging Alzheimer disease therapeutics: detection and reporting recommendations for clinical practice. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 43:E19\u2013E35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A7586","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"3030_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-017-0297-z","volume":"9","author":"M Crous-Bou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Crous-Bou M, Minguill\u00f3n C, Gramunt N, Molinuevo JL (2017) Alzheimer\u2019s disease prevention: from risk factors to early intervention. Alzheimers Res Ther 9:71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-017-0297-z","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"3030_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-023-01245-2","volume":"15","author":"AM De Kort","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Kort AM, Kuiperij HB, J\u00e4kel L, Kersten I, Rasing I, Van Etten ES et al (2023) Plasma amyloid beta 42 is a biomarker for patients with hereditary, but not sporadic, cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Alzheimers Res Ther 15:102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-023-01245-2","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"3030_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160836","volume":"56","author":"E Doran","year":"2017","unstructured":"Doran E, Keator D, Head E, Phelan MJ, Kim R, Totoiu M et al (2017) Down Syndrome, partial Trisomy 21, and absence of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: the role of APP. J Alzheimers Dis 56:459\u2013470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-160836","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"3030_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2212948","volume":"388","author":"CH van Dyck","year":"2023","unstructured":"van Dyck CH, Swanson CJ, Aisen P, Bateman RJ, Chen C, Gee M et al (2023) Lecanemab in early Alzheimer\u2019s disease. N Engl J Med 388:9\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2212948","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3030_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1987.7","volume":"7","author":"L Edvinsson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Edvinsson L, Copeland JR, Emson PC, McCulloch J, Uddman R (1987) Nerve fibers containing neuropeptide Y in the cerebrovascular bed: immunocytochemistry, radioimmunoassay, and vasomotor effects. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 7:45\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jcbfm.1987.7","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"3030_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42834-x","volume":"14","author":"W Feng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Feng W, Beer JC, Hao Q, Ariyapala IS, Sahajan A, Komarov A et al (2023) NULISA: a proteomic liquid biopsy platform with attomolar sensitivity and high multiplexing. Nat Commun 14:7238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-42834-x","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3030_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e105","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00249-8","volume":"7","author":"GBD 2019 Dementia Forecasting Collaborators","year":"2022","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Dementia Forecasting Collaborators (2022) Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Public Health 7:e105\u2013e125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00249-8","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"3030_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.02.033","volume":"701","author":"E Gkanatsiou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gkanatsiou E, Portelius E, Toomey CE, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Lashley T et al (2019) A distinct brain beta amyloid signature in cerebral amyloid angiopathy compared to Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurosci Lett 701:125\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.02.033","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"3030_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0281-2","volume":"16","author":"SM Greenberg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Greenberg SM, Bacskai BJ, Hernandez-Guillamon M, Pruzin J, Sperling R, van Veluw SJ (2020) Cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer disease - one peptide, two pathways. Nat Rev Neurol 16:30\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41582-019-0281-2","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"3030_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4414","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad188","volume":"146","author":"H Hampel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hampel H, Elhage A, Cho M, Apostolova LG, Nicoll JAR, Atri A (2023) Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA): radiological, biological and clinical characteristics. Brain 146:4414\u20134424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awad188","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"3030_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.12548","volume":"330","author":"E Harris","year":"2023","unstructured":"Harris E (2023) Alzheimer drug Lecanemab gains traditional FDA approval. JAMA 330:495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2023.12548","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3030_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-017-0499-4","volume":"5","author":"E Head","year":"2017","unstructured":"Head E, Phelan MJ, Doran E, Kim RC, Poon WW, Schmitt FA et al (2017) Cerebrovascular pathology in down syndrome and Alzheimer disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 5:93. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40478-017-0499-4","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"3030_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2006.tb00560.x","volume":"16","author":"MC Herzig","year":"2006","unstructured":"Herzig MC, Van Nostrand WE, Jucker M (2006) Mechanism of cerebral beta-amyloid angiopathy: murine and cellular models. Brain Pathol Zurich Switz 16:40\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2006.tb00560.x","journal-title":"Brain Pathol Zurich Switz"},{"key":"3030_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/61.3.254","volume":"61","author":"JL Holton","year":"2002","unstructured":"Holton JL, Lashley T, Ghiso J, Braendgaard H, Vidal R, Guerin CJ et al (2002) Familial Danish dementia: a novel form of cerebral amyloidosis associated with deposition of both amyloid-Dan and amyloid-beta. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 61:254\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnen\/61.3.254","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"3030_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02443-z","volume":"29","author":"K Horie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Horie K, Salvad\u00f3 G, Barth\u00e9lemy NR, Janelidze S, Li Y, He Y et al (2023) CSF MTBR-tau243 is a specific biomarker of tau tangle pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat Med 29:1954\u20131963. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-023-02443-z","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"3030_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03617-7","volume":"31","author":"K Horie","year":"2025","unstructured":"Horie K, Salvad\u00f3 G, Koppisetti RK, Janelidze S, Barth\u00e9lemy NR, He Y et al (2025) Plasma MTBR-tau243 biomarker identifies tau tangle pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat Med 31:2044\u20132053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-025-03617-7","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"3030_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.10.007","volume":"8","author":"BT Hyman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hyman BT, Phelps CH, Beach TG, Bigio EH, Cairns NJ, Carrillo MC et al (2012) National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer\u2019s Association guidelines for the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement J Alzheimers Assoc 8:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.10.007","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement J Alzheimers Assoc"},{"key":"3030_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12366","volume":"18","author":"L J\u00e4kel","year":"2022","unstructured":"J\u00e4kel L, De Kort AM, Klijn CJM, Schreuder FHBM, Verbeek MM (2022) Prevalence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Alzheimers Dement J Alzheimers Assoc 18:10\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.12366","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement J Alzheimers Assoc"},{"key":"3030_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-019-04314-7","volume":"46","author":"H Jang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jang H, Jang YK, Kim HJ, Werring DJ, Lee JS, Choe YS et al (2019) Clinical significance of amyloid \u03b2 positivity in patients with probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy markers. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 46:1287\u20131298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-019-04314-7","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"3030_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000260066.98681.2e","volume":"68","author":"C Kinnecom","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kinnecom C, Lev MH, Wendell L, Smith EE, Rosand J, Frosch MP et al (2007) Course of cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation. Neurology 68:1411\u20131416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000260066.98681.2e","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3030_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00269-y","volume":"7","author":"DS Knopman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Knopman DS, Amieva H, Petersen RC, Ch\u00e9telat G, Holtzman DM, Hyman BT et al (2021) Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Dis Primer 7:33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-021-00269-y","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primer"},{"key":"3030_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.56.4.537","volume":"56","author":"KA Knudsen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Knudsen KA, Rosand J, Karluk D, Greenberg SM (2001) Clinical diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: validation of the Boston criteria. Neurology 56:537\u2013539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.56.4.537","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3030_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00114-X","volume":"22","author":"EA Koemans","year":"2023","unstructured":"Koemans EA, Chhatwal JP, van Veluw SJ, van Etten ES, van Osch MJP, van Walderveen MAA et al (2023) Progression of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: a pathophysiological framework. Lancet Neurol 22:632\u2013642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00114-X","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"3030_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106907","volume":"32","author":"A Leonte","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leonte A, Laurent-Chabalier S, Wacongne A, Parvu T, Hackius M, Thouvenot E et al (2023) Brain hemorrhage on 24h-CT and functional outcome in stroke patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy features on pre-thrombolysis MRI treated with intravenous thrombolysis: a case series. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis Off J Natl Stroke Assoc 32:106907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106907","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis Off J Natl Stroke Assoc"},{"key":"3030_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2111584","volume":"248","author":"E Levy","year":"1990","unstructured":"Levy E, Carman MD, Fernandez-Madrid IJ, Power MD, Lieberburg I, van Duinen SG et al (1990) Mutation of the Alzheimer\u2019s disease amyloid gene in hereditary cerebral hemorrhage, Dutch type. Science 248:1124\u20131126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.2111584","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3030_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-025-01154-y","volume":"21","author":"JJ Llibre-Guerra","year":"2025","unstructured":"Llibre-Guerra JJ, McDade EM, Schindler SE, Clifford DB, Supnet C, Atri A et al (2025) Towards pharmacological prevention of Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurol 21:721\u2013733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41582-025-01154-y","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"3030_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.19.2.205","volume":"19","author":"J Masuda","year":"1988","unstructured":"Masuda J, Tanaka K, Ueda K, Omae T (1988) Autopsy study of incidence and distribution of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in Hisayama, Japan. Stroke 19:205\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.str.19.2.205","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"3030_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(26)00029-3","volume":"25","author":"N Mattsson-Carlgren","year":"2026","unstructured":"Mattsson-Carlgren N, Palmqvist S, Horie K, Barth\u00e9lemy N, Salvad\u00f3 G, Binette AP et al (2026) Integration of plasma eMTBR-tau243 and p-tau217 in the diagnosis and stratification of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Neurol 25:357\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(26)00029-3","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"3030_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.41.4.479","volume":"41","author":"SS Mirra","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mirra SS, Heyman A, McKeel D, Sumi SM, Crain BJ, Brownlee LM et al (1991) The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (CERAD). Part II. Standardization of the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurology 41:479\u2013486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.41.4.479","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3030_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-011-0910-3","volume":"123","author":"TJ Montine","year":"2012","unstructured":"Montine TJ, Phelps CH, Beach TG, Bigio EH, Cairns NJ, Dickson DW et al (2012) National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer\u2019s Association guidelines for the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a practical approach. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 123:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-011-0910-3","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol (Berl)"},{"key":"3030_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1038\/d41573-024-00116-1","volume":"23","author":"A Mullard","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mullard A (2024) FDA approves third anti-amyloid antibody for Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 23:571. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41573-024-00116-1","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"3030_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.6.869","volume":"57","author":"JM Olichney","year":"2000","unstructured":"Olichney JM, Hansen LA, Hofstetter CR, Lee JH, Katzman R, Thal LJ (2000) Association between severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy and cerebrovascular lesions in Alzheimer disease is not a spurious one attributable to apolipoprotein E4. Arch Neurol 57:869\u2013874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneur.57.6.869","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"3030_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2025.1232","volume":"82","author":"M Paczynski","year":"2025","unstructured":"Paczynski M, Hofmann A, Posey Z, Gregersen M, Rudman M, Ellington D et al (2025) Lecanemab treatment in a specialty memory clinic. JAMA Neurol 82:655\u2013665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2025.1232","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"3030_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12134","volume":"324","author":"S Palmqvist","year":"2020","unstructured":"Palmqvist S, Janelidze S, Quiroz YT, Zetterberg H, Lopera F, Stomrud E et al (2020) Discriminative accuracy of plasma Phospho-tau217 for Alzheimer disease vs other neurodegenerative disorders. JAMA 324:772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.12134","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3030_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2036","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03622-w","volume":"31","author":"S Palmqvist","year":"2025","unstructured":"Palmqvist S, Warmenhoven N, Anastasi F, Pilotto A, Janelidze S, Tideman P et al (2025) Plasma phospho-tau217 for Alzheimer\u2019s disease diagnosis in primary and secondary care using a fully automated platform. Nat Med 31:2036\u20132043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-025-03622-w","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"3030_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190357","volume":"72","author":"R Parodi-Rull\u00e1n","year":"2019","unstructured":"Parodi-Rull\u00e1n R, Sone JY, Fossati S (2019) Endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction in cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 72:1019\u20131039. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-190357","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"3030_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6520-8","volume":"259","author":"D Renard","year":"2012","unstructured":"Renard D, Castelnovo G, Wacongne A, Le Floch A, Thouvenot E, Mas J et al (2012) Interest of CSF biomarker analysis in possible cerebral amyloid angiopathy cases defined by the modified Boston criteria. J Neurol 259:2429\u20132433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-012-6520-8","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"3030_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0501-8","volume":"118","author":"T Revesz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Revesz T, Holton JL, Lashley T, Plant G, Frangione B, Rostagno A et al (2009) Genetics and molecular pathogenesis of sporadic and hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathies. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 118:115\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-009-0501-8","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol (Berl)"},{"key":"3030_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30006-1","volume":"17","author":"MA Rodrigues","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rodrigues MA, Samarasekera N, Lerpiniere C, Humphreys C, McCarron MO, White PM et al (2018) The Edinburgh CT and genetic diagnostic criteria for lobar intracerebral haemorrhage associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy: model development and diagnostic test accuracy study. Lancet Neurol 17:232\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30006-1","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"3030_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.22.28461","volume":"220","author":"M Roytman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Roytman M, Mashriqi F, Al-Tawil K, Schulz PE, Zaharchuk G, Benzinger TLS et al (2023) Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities: an update. AJR Am J Roentgenol 220:562\u2013574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/AJR.22.28461","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"3030_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2024.12.014","volume":"113","author":"MM Santisteban","year":"2025","unstructured":"Santisteban MM, Iadecola C (2025) The pathobiology of neurovascular aging. Neuron 113:49\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2024.12.014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"3030_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25560","volume":"86","author":"AP Schultz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schultz AP, Kloet RW, Sohrabi HR, van der Weerd L, van Rooden S, Wermer MJH et al (2019) Amyloid imaging of Dutch-type hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy carriers. Ann Neurol 86:616\u2013625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.25560","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"3030_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1997","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200261","volume":"98","author":"JA Sembill","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sembill JA, Knott M, Xu M, Roeder SS, Hagen M, Spr\u00fcgel MI et al (2022) Simplified Edinburgh CT criteria for identification of lobar intracerebral hemorrhage associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Neurology 98:e1997\u2013e2004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200261","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3030_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcad159","volume":"5","author":"JA Sembill","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sembill JA, Lusse C, Linnerbauer M, Spr\u00fcgel MI, Mrochen A, Knott M et al (2023) Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Brain Commun 5:fcad159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcad159","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"key":"3030_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.08.049","volume":"187","author":"Y Shen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shen Y, Timsina J, Heo G, Beric A, Ali M, Wang C et al (2024) CSF proteomics identifies early changes in autosomal dominant Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Cell 187:6309-6326.e15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2024.08.049","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"3030_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.13239","volume":"330","author":"JR Sims","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sims JR, Zimmer JA, Evans CD, Lu M, Ardayfio P, Sparks J et al (2023) Donanemab in early symptomatic Alzheimer disease: The TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA 330:512\u2013527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2023.13239","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3030_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-003-0048-4","volume":"5","author":"EE Smith","year":"2003","unstructured":"Smith EE, Greenberg SM (2003) Clinical diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: validation of the Boston criteria. Curr Atheroscler Rep 5:260\u2013266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11883-003-0048-4","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"3030_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.036873","volume":"53","author":"L Sveikata","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sveikata L, Charidimou A, Viswanathan A (2022) Vessels sing their ARIAs: the role of vascular amyloid in the age of Aducanumab. Stroke 53:298\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.036873","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"3030_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209386","volume":"102","author":"AR Switzer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Switzer AR, Charidimou A, McCarter S, Vemuri P, Nguyen AT, Przybelski SA et al (2024) Boston Criteria v2.0 for cerebral amyloid angiopathy without hemorrhage: an MRI-neuropathologic validation study. Neurology 102:e209386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209386","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3030_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.58.12.1791","volume":"58","author":"DR Thal","year":"2002","unstructured":"Thal DR, R\u00fcb U, Orantes M, Braak H (2002) Phases of A beta-deposition in the human brain and its relevance for the development of AD. Neurology 58:1791\u20131800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.58.12.1791","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3030_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.09.015","volume":"382","author":"R Valenti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Valenti R, Reijmer YD, Charidimou A, Boulouis G, Martinez SR, Xiong L et al (2017) Total small vessel disease burden and brain network efficiency in cerebral amyloid angiopathy. J Neurol Sci 382:10\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2017.09.015","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"3030_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21694","volume":"66","author":"MM Verbeek","year":"2009","unstructured":"Verbeek MM, Kremer BPH, Rikkert MO, Van Domburg PHMF, Skehan ME, Greenberg SM (2009) Cerebrospinal fluid amyloid beta(40) is decreased in cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Ann Neurol 66:245\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.21694","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"3030_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1681041","volume":"39","author":"N Villain","year":"2019","unstructured":"Villain N, Dubois B (2019) Alzheimer\u2019s disease including focal presentations. Semin Neurol 39:213\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0039-1681041","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"3030_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.18.2.311","volume":"18","author":"HV Vinters","year":"1987","unstructured":"Vinters HV (1987) Cerebral amyloid angiopathy. A critical review. Stroke 18:311\u2013324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.str.18.2.311","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"3030_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410300503","volume":"30","author":"JP Vonsattel","year":"1991","unstructured":"Vonsattel JP, Myers RH, Hedley-Whyte ET, Ropper AH, Bird ED, Richardson EP (1991) Cerebral amyloid angiopathy without and with cerebral hemorrhages: a comparative histological study. Ann Neurol 30:637\u2013649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.410300503","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"3030_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.52042","volume":"11","author":"RB Vukmir","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vukmir RB (2024) Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA): diagnosis, management, and care in the setting of amyloid-modifying therapy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 11:1669\u20131680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acn3.52042","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"3030_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5066-07.2008","volume":"28","author":"DM Wilcock","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wilcock DM, Lewis MR, Van Nostrand WE, Davis J, Previti ML, Gharkholonarehe N et al (2008) Progression of amyloid pathology to Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology in an amyloid precursor protein transgenic mouse model by removal of nitric oxide synthase 2. J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci 28:1537\u20131545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5066-07.2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci"},{"key":"3030_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-023-01512-w","volume":"28","author":"W Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu W, Ji Y, Wang Z, Wu X, Li J, Gu F et al (2023) The FDA-approved anti-amyloid-\u03b2 monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Med Res 28:544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40001-023-01512-w","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"3030_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2025.0065","volume":"82","author":"JA Zimmer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zimmer JA, Ardayfio P, Wang H, Khanna R, Evans CD, Lu M et al (2025) Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities with Donanemab in early symptomatic Alzheimer disease: secondary analysis of the TRAILBLAZER-ALZ and ALZ 2 randomized clinical trials. JAMA Neurol 82:461\u2013469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2025.0065","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"}],"container-title":["Acta Neuropathologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00401-026-03030-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00401-026-03030-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00401-026-03030-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T18:48:34Z","timestamp":1779302914000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00401-026-03030-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["3030"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-026-03030-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-0533"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-0533","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 May 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"EH serves as a consultant for Alzheon and for Cyclotherapeutics and as a Section Editor for Alzheimer & Dementia (Elsevier Press).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"59"}}