{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:38:01Z","timestamp":1791221881615,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566950400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"University Medical Centre Maribor","award":["IRP-2012\/02-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRP-2012\/02-02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-019-03266-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T14:05:27Z","timestamp":1567001127000},"page":"1771-1777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Radiographic analysis of lower limb alignment in professional football players"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"Zmago","family":"Krajnc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3770-5990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matej","family":"Drobni\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"3266_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200434130-00004","volume":"34","author":"Astrid Junge","year":"2004","unstructured":"Junge A, Dvorak J (2004) Soccer injuries: a review on incidence and prevention. Sports Med 34(13):929\u2013938. \n                    https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15487905\n                    \n                  . Accessed Aug 2018","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"key":"3266_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bor.0000132647.55056.a9","volume":"16","author":"JAMJ Buckwalter","year":"2004","unstructured":"Buckwalter JAMJ (2004) Sports and osteoarthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol Curr Opin Rheumatol 16:634\u2013639","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"3266_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2003.33.10.578","volume":"33","author":"JA Buckwalter","year":"2003","unstructured":"Buckwalter JA (2003) Sports, joint injury, and posttraumatic osteoarthritis. J Orthop Sport Phys Ther 33:578\u2013588","journal-title":"J Orthop Sport Phys Ther"},{"key":"3266_CR4","unstructured":"Hootman JM, Dick R, Agel J (2007) Epidemiology of collegiate injuries for 15 sports: summary and recommendations for injury prevention initiatives. J Athl Train 42(2):311\u2013319. \n                    https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17710181\n                    \n                  . Accessed Aug 2018"},{"issue":"7","key":"3266_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.060582","volume":"45","author":"J. Ekstrand","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ekstrand J, H\u00e4gglund M, Wald\u00e9n M (2011) Injury incidence and injury patterns in professional football: the UEFA injury study. Br J Sports Med 45(7):553\u2013558. \n                    https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19553225\n                    \n                  . Accessed Aug 2018","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"3266_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198508000-00005","volume":"17","author":"ALEX CHANTRAINE","year":"1985","unstructured":"Chantraine A (1985) Knee joint in soccer players: osteoarthritis and axis deviation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 17(4):434\u2013439. \n                    https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/3839890\n                    \n                  . Accessed Aug 2018","journal-title":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise"},{"issue":"4","key":"3266_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-008-0710-z","volume":"17","author":"E Witvrouw","year":"2009","unstructured":"Witvrouw E, Danneels L, Thijs Y, Cambier D, Bellemans J (2009) Does soccer participation lead to genu varum? Knee Surgery, Sport Traumatol Arthrosc 17(4):422\u2013427","journal-title":"Knee Surgery, Sport Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"5","key":"3266_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jsm.0000244602.74460.e4","volume":"16","author":"M Yaniv","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yaniv M, Becker T, Goldwirt M, Khamis S, Steinberg DM, Weintroub S (2006) Prevalence of bowlegs among child and adolescent soccer players. Clin J Sport Med 16(5):392\u2013396","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"3266_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182407ca0","volume":"44","author":"Y Thijs","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thijs Y, Bellemans J, Rombaut L, Witvrouw E (2012) Is high-impact sports participation associated with bowlegs in adolescent boys? Med Sci Sports Exerc 44(6):993\u2013998","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"3266_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/482017","volume":"2015","author":"Zmago Krajnc","year":"2015","unstructured":"Krajnc Z, Rupreht M, Drobni\u010d M (2015) Quantitative evaluation of growth plates around the knees of adolescent soccer players by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Biomed Res Int 2015:482017. \n                    https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26693482\n                    \n                  . Accessed Aug 2018","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"issue":"4","key":"3266_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22515","volume":"56","author":"G. M. Brouwer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brouwer GM, van Tol AW, Bergink AP, Belo JN, Bernsen RMD, Reijman M et al (2007) Association between valgus and varus alignment and the development and progression of radiographic osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Rheum 56(4):1204\u20131211. \n                    https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17393449\n                    \n                  . Accessed Aug 2018","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rheumatism"},{"issue":"11","key":"3266_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-016-4348-y","volume":"24","author":"William Colyn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Colyn W, Agricola R, Arnout N, Verhaar JAN, Bellemans J (2016) How does lower leg alignment differ between soccer players, other athletes, and non-athletic controls? Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 24(11):3619\u20133626. \n                    https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27743081\n                    \n                  . Accessed Aug 2018","journal-title":"Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"6","key":"3266_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2012.02.008","volume":"15","author":"Marie-Therese K. Kuijt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kuijt M-TK, Inklaar H, Gouttebarge V, Frings-Dresen MHW (2012) Knee and ankle osteoarthritis in former elite soccer players: a systematic review of the recent literature. J Sci Med Sport 15(6):480\u2013487. \n                    https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1440244012000631\n                    \n                  . Accessed Aug 2018","journal-title":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport"},{"issue":"1","key":"3266_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-1936-5","volume":"470","author":"J Bellemans","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bellemans J, Colyn W, Vandenneucker H, Victor J (2012) The chitranjan ranawat award is neutral mechanical alignment normal for all patients? The concept of constitutional varus. Clin Orthop Relat Res 470(1):45\u201353","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"3266_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2013.09.008","volume":"21","author":"Gautam M. Shetty","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shetty GM, Mullaji A, Bhayde S, Nha KW, Oh HK (2014) Factors contributing to inherent varus alignment of lower limb in normal Asian adults: role of tibial plateau inclination. Knee 21(2):544\u2013548. \n                    https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24139813\n                    \n                  . Accessed Aug 2018","journal-title":"The Knee"},{"key":"3266_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsu RW, Himeno S, Coventry MB, Chao EY (1990) Normal axial alignment of the lower extremity and load-bearing distribution at the knee. Clin Orthop Relat Res (255):215\u201327. \n                    https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/2347155\n                    \n                  . Accessed Aug 2018","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199006000-00029"},{"key":"3266_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-59373-4","volume-title":"Principles of Deformity Correction","author":"Dror Paley","year":"2002","unstructured":"Paley D (2002) Principles of deformity corrections, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin"},{"issue":"2","key":"3266_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2015.12.004","volume":"23","author":"Naoki Nakano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nakano N, Matsumoto T, Hashimura M, Takayama K, Ishida K, Araki D et al (2016) Coronal lower limb alignment in normal knees\u2014a radiographic analysis of 797 normal knee subjects. Knee 23(2):209\u2013213. \n                    https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26775257\n                    \n                  . Accessed Aug 2018","journal-title":"The Knee"},{"key":"3266_CR19","unstructured":"Heath CH, Staheli LT (1993) Normal limits of knee angle in white children--genu varum and genu valgum. J Pediatr Orthop 13(2):259\u2013262. \n                    https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=8459023\n                    \n                  . Accessed Aug 2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"3266_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-014-1953-z","volume":"44","author":"D Popkov","year":"2014","unstructured":"Popkov D, Lascombes P, Berte N, Hetzel L, Baptista BR, Popkov A et al (2014) The normal radiological anteroposterior alignment of the lower limb in children. Skeletal Radiol 44(2):197\u2013206","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3266_CR21","first-page":"1","volume":"15","author":"S Mukhopadhyay","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mukhopadhyay S, Mukhopadhyay K, Acharyya B (2008) Clinico-radiological assessment of normal variation of alignment of femur and tibia in different age groups in Indian ethnic population. Internet J Orthop Surg 15(1):1\u20135","journal-title":"Internet J Orthop Surg"},{"key":"3266_CR22","volume-title":"Atlas of standard radiographs: the epidemiology of chronics rheumatism","author":"JH Kellgren","year":"1963","unstructured":"Kellgren JH, Lawrence JS (1963) Atlas of standard radiographs: the epidemiology of chronics rheumatism, vol 2. Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford"},{"key":"3266_CR23","unstructured":"Cahuzac J, Vardon DS, de Gauzy J et al (1995) Developement of the clinical tibiofemoral angle in normal adolescents. Surgery 77(5):729\u2013732"},{"issue":"9","key":"3266_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.017822","volume":"40","author":"D Caine","year":"2006","unstructured":"Caine D, DiFiori J, Maffulli N (2006) Physeal injuries in children\u2019s and youth sports: reasons for concern? Br J Sports Med 40(9):749\u2013760. \n                    https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16807307\n                    \n                  . Accessed Aug 2018","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"3266_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2015.08.010","volume":"27","author":"BJ Krabak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Krabak BJ, Snitily B, Milani CJ (2016) Running injuries during adolescence and childhood. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 27:179\u2013202","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"3266_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198769050-00016","volume":"69","author":"J R Moreland","year":"1987","unstructured":"Moreland JR, Bassett LW, Hanker GJ (1987) Radiographic analysis of the axial alignment of the lower extremity. J Bone Joint Surg Am 69(5):745\u2013759. \n                    https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/3597474\n                    \n                  . Accessed Aug 2018","journal-title":"The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"3266_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldp034","volume":"92","author":"A Frisch","year":"2009","unstructured":"Frisch A, Croisier JL, Urhausen A, Seil R, Theisen D (2009) Injuries, risk factors and prevention initiatives in youth sport. Br Med Bull 92(1):95\u2013121","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"issue":"6","key":"3266_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24942","volume":"42","author":"Masashi Nakase","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nakase M, Kim W-C, Oka Y, Hosokawa M, Yoshida T, Yamada N et al (2015) Detection of early changes after growth plate injury using MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 42(6):1698\u20131704. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.24942","journal-title":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"key":"3266_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01879806","volume":"25","author":"C Heuter","year":"1862","unstructured":"Heuter C (1862) Antomical study of the limb joints of newborns and adults. Virchows Arch 25:572\u2013599","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"3266_CR30","first-page":"845","volume-title":"Handbook for common and special surgery","author":"R Volkmann","year":"1869","unstructured":"Volkmann R (1869) Impairments of the musculoskeletal system. Handbook for common and special surgery. Ferdinand Enkle, Stuttgart, pp 845\u2013920"},{"issue":"2","key":"3266_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.5812\/traumamon.17184","volume":"20","author":"K Asadi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Asadi K, Mirbolook A, Heidarzadeh A, Kivi MM, Meybodi MKE, Rad MR (2015) Association of soccer and genu varum in adolescents. Trauma Mon 20(2):47\u201351","journal-title":"Trauma Mon"}],"container-title":["Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00402-019-03266-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00402-019-03266-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00402-019-03266-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]],"date-time":"2020-08-26T23:10:10Z","timestamp":1598483410000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00402-019-03266-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3266"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-019-03266-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0936-8051","1434-3916"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0936-8051","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-3916","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 December 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 August 2019","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests in relation to the presented work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}