{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T02:36:32Z","timestamp":1793414192842,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]],"date-time":"2020-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]],"date-time":"2020-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Humeral shaft fractures are often associated with radial nerve palsy (RNP) (8\u201316%). The primary aim of this systematic review was to assess the incidence of primary and secondary RNP in closed humeral shaft fractures. The secondary aim was to compare the recovery rate of primary RNP and the incidence of secondary RNP between operative and non-operative treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic literature search was performed in \u2018Trip Database\u2019, \u2018Embase\u2019 and \u2018PubMed\u2019 to identify original studies reporting on RNP in closed humeral shaft fractures. The Coleman Methodology Score was used to grade the quality of the studies. The incidence and recovery of RNP, fracture characteristics and treatment characteristics were extracted. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to compare operative versus non-operative treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty studies reporting on 1758 patients with closed humeral shaft fractures were included. The incidence of primary RNP was 10%. There was no difference in the recovery rate of primary RNP when comparing operative treatment with radial nerve exploration (98%) versus non-operative treatment (91%) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.29). The incidence of secondary RNP after operative and non-operative treatment was 4% and 0.4%, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One-in-ten patients with a closed humeral shaft fracture has an associated primary RNP, of which\u2009&gt;\u200990% recovers without the need of (re-)intervention. No beneficial effect of early exploration on the recovery of primary RNP could be demonstrated when comparing patients managed non-operatively with those explored early. Patients managed operatively for closed humeral shaft fractures have a higher risk of developing secondary RNP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level IV; Systematic Review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-020-03446-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]],"date-time":"2020-04-13T08:03:30Z","timestamp":1586765010000},"page":"561-568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Radial nerve palsy associated with closed humeral shaft fractures: a systematic review of 1758 patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Laurent A. M.","family":"Hendrickx","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick F. J.","family":"Hilgersom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassanin","family":"Alkaduhimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Job N.","family":"Doornberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel P. J.","family":"van den Bekerom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"3446_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.88B11.17634","volume":"88","author":"R Ekholm","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ekholm R, Adami J, Tidermark J et al (2006) Fractures of the shaft of the humerus. An epidemiological study of 401 fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br 88:1469\u20131473","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"3446_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1009-8","volume":"17","author":"C Bergdahl","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bergdahl C, Ekholm C, Wennergren D et al (2016) Epidemiology and patho-anatomical pattern of 2,011 humeral fractures: data from the Swedish Fracture Register. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 17:159","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"3446_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.07.025","volume":"46","author":"KC Mahabier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mahabier KC, Hartog DD, Van Veldhuizen J et al (2015) Trends in incidence rate, health care consumption, and costs for patients admitted with a humeral fracture in The Netherlands between 1986 and 2012. Injury 46:1930\u20131937","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3446_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.87B12.16132","volume":"87","author":"YC Shao","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shao YC, Harwood P, Grotz MRW et al (2005) Radial nerve palsy associated with fractures of the shaft of the humerus: a systematic review. J Bone Joint Surg Br 87:1647\u20131652","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"3446_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e78576","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078576","volume":"8","author":"Y Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li Y, Ning G, Wu Q et al (2013) Review of literature of radial nerve injuries associated with humeral fractures-an integrated management strategy. PLoS ONE 8:e78576","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3446_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.02.013","volume":"31","author":"MJ DeFranco","year":"2006","unstructured":"DeFranco MJ, Lawton JN (2006) Radial nerve injuries associated with humeral fractures. J Hand Surg Am 31:655\u2013663","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"3446_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2017.09.011","volume":"34","author":"G Chang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chang G, Ilyas AM (2018) Radial nerve palsy after humeral shaft fractures: the case for early exploration and a new classification to guide treatment and prognosis. Hand Clin 34:105\u2013112","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"3446_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-013-1355-2","volume":"24","author":"KM Balam","year":"2014","unstructured":"Balam KM, Zahrany AS (2014) Posterior percutaneous plating of the humerus. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 24:763\u2013768","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"3446_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s10195-019-0526-2","volume":"20","author":"R Belayneh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Belayneh R, Lott A, Haglin J et al (2019) Final outcomes of radial nerve palsy associated with humeral shaft fracture and nonunion. J Orthop Traumatol 20:18","journal-title":"J Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"3446_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000768","volume":"31","author":"C Dielwart","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dielwart C, Harmer L, Thompson J et al (2017) Management of closed diaphyseal humerus fractures in patients with injury severity score \u226517. J Orthop Trauma 31:220\u2013224","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"3446_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.5606\/ehc.2017.55687","volume":"28","author":"F Duygun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Duygun F, Aldemir C (2017) Is locked compressive intramedullary nailing for adult humerus shaft fractures advantageous? Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi 28:80\u201386","journal-title":"Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi"},{"key":"3446_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1007\/s12262-012-0756-5","volume":"77","author":"A Ebrahimpour","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ebrahimpour A, Najafi A, Manafi Raci A (2015) Outcome assessment of operative treatment of humeral shaft fractures by antegrade unreamed humeral nailing (UHN). Indian J Surg 77:186\u2013190","journal-title":"Indian J Surg"},{"key":"3446_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e825","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20150902-62","volume":"38","author":"Y Fan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fan Y, Li Y-W, Zhang H-B et al (2015) Management of humeral shaft fractures with intramedullary interlocking nail versus locking compression plate. Orthopedics 38:e825\u2013e829","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"3446_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.main.2015.06.007","volume":"34","author":"GL Gallucci","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gallucci GL, Boretto JG, Alfie VA et al (2015) Posterior minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) of distal third humeral shaft fractures with segmental isolation of the radial nerve. Chir Main 34:221\u2013226","journal-title":"Chir Main"},{"key":"3446_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2017.58.4.837","volume":"58","author":"KJ Han","year":"2017","unstructured":"Han KJ, Lee DH, Bang JY (2017) Do Cerclage cables delay the time to bone union in patients with an unstable humeral shaft fracture treated with intramedullary nails? Yonsei Med J 58:837\u2013841","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"3446_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11751-016-0270-6","volume":"12","author":"Y Kharbanda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kharbanda Y, Tanwar YS, Srivastava V et al (2017) Retrospective analysis of extra-articular distal humerus shaft fractures treated with the use of pre-contoured lateral column metaphyseal LCP by triceps-sparing posterolateral approach. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr 12:1\u20139","journal-title":"Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr"},{"key":"3446_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2017.9.4.506","volume":"9","author":"S-H Ko","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ko S-H, Cha J-R, Lee CC et al (2017) Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis using a screw compression method for treatment of humeral shaft fractures. Clin Orthop Surg 9:506\u2013513","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Surg"},{"key":"3446_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2017.10.005","volume":"23","author":"HM Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee HM, Kim YS, Kang S et al (2018) Modified anterolateral approach for internal fixation of Holstein-Lewis humeral shaft fractures. J Orthop Sci 23:137\u2013143","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"3446_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.16.00628","volume":"99","author":"FT Matsunaga","year":"2017","unstructured":"Matsunaga FT, Tamaoki MJS, Matsumoto MH et al (2017) Minimally invasive osteosynthesis with a bridge plate versus a functional brace for humeral shaft fractures: a randomized controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am 99:583\u2013592","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"3446_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.159619","volume":"49","author":"JN Pal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pal JN, Biswas P, Roy A et al (2015) Outcome of humeral shaft fractures treated by functional cast brace. Indian J Orthop 49:408\u2013417","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"key":"3446_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2018.11.042","author":"J Salvador","year":"2018","unstructured":"Salvador J, Amhaz-Escanlar S, Castill\u00f3n P et al (2018) Cerclage wiring and intramedullary nailing, a helpful and safe option specially in proximal fractures. A multicentric study. Injury. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2018.11.042","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3446_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230949901983960","DOI":"10.1177\/2309499019839608","volume":"27","author":"J-B Seo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Seo J-B, Heo K, Yang J-H, Yoo J-S (2019) Clinical outcomes of dual 3.5-mm locking compression plate fixation for humeral shaft fractures: Comparison with single 4.5-mm locking compression plate fixation. J Orthop Surg 27:2309499019839608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2309499019839608","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg"},{"key":"3446_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s10195-014-0290-2","volume":"15","author":"AK Singh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Singh AK, Narsaria N, Seth RR, Garg S (2014) Plate osteosynthesis of fractures of the shaft of the humerus: comparison of limited contact dynamic compression plates and locking compression plates. J Orthop Traumatol 15:117\u2013122","journal-title":"J Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"3446_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-018-0908-9","volume":"13","author":"Q Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang Q, Hu J, Guan J et al (2018) Proximal third humeral shaft fractures fixed with long helical PHILOS plates in elderly patients: benefit of pre-contouring plates on a 3D-printed model-a retrospective study. J Orthop Surg Res 13:203","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"3446_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.02.034","volume":"45","author":"P Yin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yin P, Zhang L, Mao Z et al (2014) Comparison of lateral and posterior surgical approach in management of extra-articular distal humeral shaft fractures. Injury 45:1121\u20131125","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3446_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-78522014220200698","volume":"22","author":"RK Zogaib","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zogaib RK, Morgan S, Belangero PS et al (2014) Minimal invasive ostheosintesis for treatment of diaphiseal transverse humeral shaft fractures. Acta Ortop Bras 22:94\u201398","journal-title":"Acta Ortop Bras"},{"key":"3446_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-012-1039-3","volume":"23","author":"L Shen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shen L, Qin H, An Z et al (2013) Internal fixation of humeral shaft fractures using minimally invasive plating: comparative study of two implants. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 23:527\u2013534","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"3446_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b2535","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535","volume":"339","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J et al (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ 339:b2535","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3446_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0838.2000.010001002.x","volume":"10","author":"BD Coleman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Coleman BD, Khan KM, Maffulli N et al (2000) Studies of surgical outcome after patellar tendinopathy: clinical significance of methodological deficiencies and guidelines for future studies. Scand J Med Sci Sports 10:2\u201311","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"3446_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-011-0827-5","volume":"22","author":"Z An","year":"2012","unstructured":"An Z, He X, Jiang C, Zhang C (2012) Treatment of middle third humeral shaft fractures: minimal invasive plate osteosynthesis versus expandable nailing. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 22:193\u2013199","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"3446_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1007\/s00064-009-2008-9","volume":"21","author":"T Apivatthakakul","year":"2009","unstructured":"Apivatthakakul T, Phornphutkul C, Laohapoonrungsee A, Sirirungruangsarn Y (2009) Less invasive plate osteosynthesis in humeral shaft fractures. Oper Orthop Traumatol 21:602\u2013613","journal-title":"Oper Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"3446_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.05.016","volume":"21","author":"A Brunner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brunner A, Thormann S, Babst R (2012) Minimally invasive percutaneous plating of proximal humeral shaft fractures with the Proximal Humerus Internal Locking System (PHILOS). J Shoulder Elbow Surg 21:1056\u20131063","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"3446_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-004-0620-8","volume":"29","author":"T-C Chao","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chao T-C, Chou W-Y, Chung J-C, Hsu C-J (2005) Humeral shaft fractures treated by dynamic compression plates, ender nails and interlocking nails. Int Orthop 29:88\u201391","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"3446_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-009-0893-z","volume":"34","author":"JM Concha","year":"2010","unstructured":"Concha JM, Sandoval A, Streubel PN (2010) Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for humeral shaft fractures: are results reproducible? Int Orthop 34:1297\u20131305","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"3446_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200611000-00004","volume":"88","author":"A Jawa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jawa A, McCarty P, Doornberg J et al (2006) Extra-articular distal-third diaphyseal fractures of the humerus. A comparison of functional bracing and plate fixation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 88:2343\u20132347","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"3446_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-006-0242-4","volume":"31","author":"TW Lau","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lau TW, Leung F, Chan CF, Chow SP (2007) Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis in the treatment of proximal humeral fracture. Int Orthop 31:657\u2013664","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"3446_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(97)00040-5","volume":"28","author":"M Liebergall","year":"1997","unstructured":"Liebergall M, Jaber S, Laster M et al (1997) Ender nailing of acute humeral shaft fractures in multiple injuries. Injury 28:577\u2013580","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3446_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200301000-00029","volume":"406","author":"J Lin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lin J, Hou S-M (2003) Locked nailing of severely comminuted or segmental humeral fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res 406:195\u2013204","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"3446_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-009-0551-6","volume":"20","author":"R Spagnolo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Spagnolo R, Pace F, Bonalumi M (2010) Minimally invasive plating osteosynthesis technique applied to humeral shaft fractures: the lateral approach. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 20:205\u2013210","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"3446_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1159\/000331791","volume":"21","author":"Q Yang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yang Q, Wang F, Wang Q et al (2012) Surgical treatment of adult extra-articular distal humeral diaphyseal fractures using an oblique metaphyseal locking compression plate via a posterior approach. Med Princ Pract 21:40\u201345","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"3446_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-1791-4","volume":"469","author":"S Arora","year":"2011","unstructured":"Arora S, Goel N, Cheema GS et al (2011) A method to localize the radial nerve using the \u201capex of triceps aponeurosis\u201d as a landmark. Clin Orthop Relat Res 469:2638\u20132644","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"3446_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2010.12.016","volume":"20","author":"Y Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li Y, Wang C, Wang M et al (2011) Postoperative malrotation of humeral shaft fracture after plating compared with intramedullary nailing. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 20:947\u2013954","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"3446_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2003.12.003","volume":"35","author":"B Livani","year":"2004","unstructured":"Livani B, Belangero WD (2004) Bridging plate osteosynthesis of humeral shaft fractures. Injury 35:587\u2013595","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3446_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1177\/230949901202000305","volume":"20","author":"S Malhan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Malhan S, Thomas S, Srivastav S et al (2012) Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis using a locking compression plate for diaphyseal humeral fractures. J Orthop Surg 20:292\u2013296","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg"},{"key":"3446_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-002-0403-x","volume":"122","author":"O Pehlivan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pehlivan O (2002) Functional treatment of the distal third humeral shaft fractures. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 122:390\u2013395","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"3446_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31815928c2","volume":"21","author":"A Zhiquan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhiquan A, Bingfang Z, Yeming W et al (2007) Minimally invasive plating osteosynthesis (MIPO) of middle and distal third humeral shaft fractures. J Orthop Trauma 21:628\u2013633","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"3446_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31818915bf","volume":"22","author":"R Ekholm","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ekholm R, Ponzer S, T\u00f6rnkvist H et al (2008) The Holstein-Lewis humeral shaft fracture: aspects of radial nerve injury, primary treatment, and outcome. J Orthop Trauma 22:693\u2013697","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"3446_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-009-0753-x","volume":"34","author":"Z An","year":"2010","unstructured":"An Z, Zeng B, He X et al (2010) Plating osteosynthesis of mid-distal humeral shaft fractures: minimally invasive versus conventional open reduction technique. Int Orthop 34:131\u2013135","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"3446_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02588186","volume":"18","author":"H Habernek","year":"1992","unstructured":"Habernek H, Schmid L, Orthner E (1992) Initial experiences with the humerus interlocking nail. Unfallchirurgie 18:233\u2013237","journal-title":"Unfallchirurgie"},{"key":"3446_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-015-2199-5","volume":"135","author":"ES Veltman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Veltman ES, Doornberg JN, Eygendaal D, van den Bekerom MPJ (2015) Static progressive versus dynamic splinting for posttraumatic elbow stiffness: a systematic review of 232 patients. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 135:613\u2013617","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"3446_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-019-03253-0","volume":"139","author":"J Iliaens","year":"2019","unstructured":"Iliaens J, Metsemakers W-J, Coppens S et al (2019) Regional anaesthesia for surgical repair of proximal humerus fractures: a systematic review and critical appraisal. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 139:1731\u20131741","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"3446_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-008-0537-8","volume":"33","author":"C-H Tsai","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tsai C-H, Fong Y-C, Chen Y-H et al (2009) The epidemiology of traumatic humeral shaft fractures in Taiwan. Int Orthop 33:463\u2013467","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"3446_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2015.07.012","volume":"24","author":"FMAP Claessen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Claessen FMAP, Peters RM, Verbeek DO et al (2015) Factors associated with radial nerve palsy after operative treatment of diaphyseal humeral shaft fractures. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 24:e307\u2013e311","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"3446_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20120725-10","volume":"35","author":"G-Y Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu G-Y, Zhang C-Y, Wu H-W (2012) Comparison of initial nonoperative and operative management of radial nerve palsy associated with acute humeral shaft fractures. Orthopedics 35:702\u2013708","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"3446_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200004000-00003","volume":"82","author":"A Sarmiento","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sarmiento A, Zagorski JB, Zych GA et al (2000) Functional bracing for the treatment of fractures of the humeral diaphysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 82:478\u2013486","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"3446_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-017-0775-9","volume":"44","author":"TR Schwab","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schwab TR, Stillhard PF, Schibli S et al (2018) Radial nerve palsy in humeral shaft fractures with internal fixation: analysis of management and outcome. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 44:235\u2013243","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"3446_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1999.18.10.703","volume":"18","author":"G Bodner","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bodner G, Huber B, Schwabegger A et al (1999) Sonographic detection of radial nerve entrapment within a humerus fracture. J Ultrasound Med 18:703\u2013706","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"3446_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.219.3.r01jn09811","volume":"219","author":"G Bodner","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bodner G, Buchberger W, Schocke M et al (2001) Radial nerve palsy associated with humeral shaft fracture: evaluation with US\u2013initial experience. Radiology 219:811\u2013816","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"3446_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.5644\/ama2006-124.257","volume":"48","author":"M Esparza","year":"2019","unstructured":"Esparza M, Wild JR, Minnock C et al (2019) Ultrasound evaluation of radial nerve palsy associated with humeral shaft fractures to guide operative versus non-operative treatment. Acta Med Acad 48:183\u2013192","journal-title":"Acta Med Acad"},{"key":"3446_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20761","volume":"35","author":"MS Cartwright","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cartwright MS, Chloros GD, Walker FO et al (2007) Diagnostic ultrasound for nerve transection. Muscle Nerve 35:796\u2013799","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"}],"container-title":["Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00402-020-03446-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00402-020-03446-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00402-020-03446-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T00:29:32Z","timestamp":1666312172000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00402-020-03446-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["3446"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-020-03446-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0936-8051","1434-3916"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0936-8051","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-3916","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 January 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 April 2020","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}