{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T07:56:23Z","timestamp":1793174183540,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,15]],"date-time":"2022-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642204800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,15]],"date-time":"2022-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The aim of this study was to provide a more precise statement on the outcome after surgical treatment of a bony mallet thumb and possibly give a treatment recommendation regarding the surgical fixation method.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>All patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916) who underwent a surgical treatment for an acute bony mallet thumb fracture between January 2006 and July 2019 were enrolled. The surgical method, complications, the range of motion, tip pinch, lateral key pinch, overall grip strength, visual analog score, Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score, Mayo Wrist Score, Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation Score, Buck-Gramcko Score and radiologic parameters were evaluated. Further, a comprehensive literature search on PubMed was conducted covering a period from 1956 to 2021 to include all possible matching articles on the treatment of the bony mallet thumb (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200921 articles).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Surgical treatment was very inhomogenous including indirect and direct K-wire fixation, screw fixation, plate fixation and anchor fixation methods. The IP joint range of motion and thumb strength ranged from 66 to 94% in comparison to the contralateral side. An open reduction led to worse functional scores compared to a closed reduction. Treatment methods in the literature were also very inhomogenous with a very low patient count, often even pooling data of bony mallet thumb fractures with bony mallet finger fractures. The risk for infection was higher in K-wire fixation methods than in open reduction and internal fixation methods.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The evidence for the best treatment of a bony mallet thumb fracture is low. On one hand the functional outcome can be inferior using an open reduction approach, but on the other hand, K-wire fixation methods with a closed reduction approach showed a higher risk for infection. Future multi-center research must be conducted to find the best treatment procedure for the best outcome of the patient.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-021-04333-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,15]],"date-time":"2022-01-15T16:02:39Z","timestamp":1642262559000},"page":"887-900","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Surgical treatment of the bony mallet thumb: a case series and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"Tobias","family":"Kastenberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Benedikt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Stock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Eigl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gernot","family":"Schmidle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4843-7303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohit","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"4333_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-014-9619-9","volume":"9","author":"FL Aarts","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aarts FL, Derks R, Wouters DB (2014) The Meniscus Arrow(R) as a fixation device for the treatment of mallet fractures: results of 50 cases. Hand 9(4):499\u2013503","journal-title":"Hand"},{"issue":"1","key":"4333_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1722181","volume":"7","author":"A Afshar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Afshar A, Tabrizi A, Taleb H (2021) A bony mallet thumb with interposition of the nail plate. Surg J 7(1):e18\u2013e21","journal-title":"Surg J"},{"issue":"4","key":"4333_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944717708052","volume":"13","author":"SR Anderson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Anderson SR, Inceoglu S, Wongworawat MD (2018) Temperature rise in Kirschner wires inserted using two drilling methods: forward and oscillation. Hand 13(4):423\u2013427","journal-title":"Hand"},{"issue":"6","key":"4333_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(94)90109-0","volume":"19","author":"R Bischoff","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bischoff R, Buechler U, De Roche R, Jupiter J (1994) Clinical results of tension band fixation of avulsion fractures of the hand. J Hand Surg Am 19(6):1019\u20131026","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"4333_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-12299","volume":"33","author":"D De Monaco","year":"2001","unstructured":"De Monaco D, Fritsche E, von Wartburg U, Noever G (2001) Mallet-thumb\u2013presentation and discussion of 3 cases of a rare lesion. Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir 33(2):113\u2013116","journal-title":"Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir"},{"issue":"5","key":"4333_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.65B5.6643565","volume":"65","author":"KM Din","year":"1983","unstructured":"Din KM, Meggitt BF (1983) Mallet thumb. J Bone Jt Surg Br 65(5):606\u2013607","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Br"},{"issue":"2","key":"4333_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-008-9153-8","volume":"4","author":"BB Franssen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Franssen BB, Schuurman AH, Brouha PC, Kon M (2009) Hammering K-wires is superior to drilling with irrigation. Hand 4(2):108\u2013112","journal-title":"Hand"},{"issue":"2","key":"4333_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-9053(87)80021-2","volume":"6","author":"Y Groebli","year":"1987","unstructured":"Groebli Y, Riedo L, Della Santa D, Marti MC (1987) Mallet fractures. Ann Chir Main 6(2):98\u2013108","journal-title":"Ann Chir Main"},{"issue":"4","key":"4333_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2017.01431","volume":"45","author":"HH Han","year":"2018","unstructured":"Han HH, Cho HJ, Kim SY, Oh DY (2018) Extension block and direct pinning methods for mallet fracture: a comparative study. Arch Plast Surg 45(4):351\u2013356","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg"},{"key":"4333_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S296273","volume":"14","author":"T Hattori","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hattori T, Shimo K, Niwa Y, Tokiwa Y, Matsubara T (2021) Association of chronic pain with radiologic severity and central sensitization in hip osteoarthritis patients. J Pain Res 14:1153\u20131160","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"4333_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15589447211003185","author":"TW Henry","year":"2021","unstructured":"Henry TW, Tulipan JE, Kwan SA, Beredjiklian PK, Lutsky KF, Matzon JL (2021) Outcomes after surgically managed oblique extra-articular proximal phalanx fractures: a comparison of closed-reduction percutaneous pinning and open-reduction internal fixation with lag screws. Hand. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15589447211003185","journal-title":"Hand"},{"issue":"7","key":"4333_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193412460817","volume":"39","author":"R Hiwatari","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hiwatari R, Saito S, Shibayama M (2014) The \u2018chased method\u2019 of mini screw fixation: a percutaneous surgical approach to treating mallet fractures. J Hand Surg Eur 39(7):784\u2013786","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur"},{"issue":"3","key":"4333_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2003.50089","volume":"28","author":"EP Hofmeister","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hofmeister EP, Mazurek MT, Shin AY, Bishop AT (2003) Extension block pinning for large mallet fractures. J Hand Surg Am 28(3):453\u2013459","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"4333_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/00130911-199706000-00005","volume":"1","author":"T Ishiguro","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ishiguro T, Itoh Y, Yabe Y, Hashizume N (1997) Extension block with Kirschner wire for fracture dislocation of the distal interphalangeal joint. Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg 1(2):95\u2013102","journal-title":"Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"4333_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2005.02.010","volume":"30","author":"DM Kalainov","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kalainov DM, Hoepfner PE, Hartigan BJ, Ct C, Genuario J (2005) Nonsurgical treatment of closed mallet finger fractures. J Hand Surg Am 30(3):580\u2013586","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"4333_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.3109\/2000656X.2012.727822","volume":"46","author":"HJ Kang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kang HJ, Lee SK (2012) Open accurate reduction for irreducible mallet fractures through a new pulp traction technique with primary tendon repair. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 46(6):438\u2013443","journal-title":"J Plast Surg Hand Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"4333_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1054\/jhsb.2000.0440","volume":"26","author":"HJ King","year":"2001","unstructured":"King HJ, Shin SJ, Kang ES (2001) Complications of operative treatment for mallet fractures of the distal phalanx. J Hand Surg Br 26(1):28\u201331","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"issue":"5","key":"4333_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668050-00003","volume":"68","author":"JL Knirk","year":"1986","unstructured":"Knirk JL, Jupiter JB (1986) Intra-articular fractures of the distal end of the radius in young adults. J Bone Jt Surg Am 68(5):647\u2013659","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"4333_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-018-2342-4","volume":"29","author":"A Kose","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kose A, Topal M, Engin MC, Sencan A, Dincer R, Baran T (2019) Comparison of low-profile plate-screw and Kirschner-wire osteosynthesis outcomes in extra-articular unstable proximal phalangeal fractures. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 29(3):597\u2013604","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4333_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944716642763","volume":"12","author":"GA Lamaris","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lamaris GA, Matthew MK (2017) The diagnosis and management of mallet finger injuries. Hand 12(3):223\u2013228","journal-title":"Hand"},{"issue":"2","key":"4333_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2017.10.004","volume":"43","author":"JS Lin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lin JS, Samora JB (2018) Surgical and nonsurgical management of mallet finger: a systematic review. J Hand Surg Am 43(2):146-163 e142","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"4333_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.4103\/ortho.IJOrtho_325_16","volume":"52","author":"YH Lu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lu YH, Wu CC, Hsieh CP (2018) A modified pull-out wire technique for acute mallet fracture of the finger. Indian J Orthop 52(6):611\u2013615","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"issue":"8","key":"4333_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-010-1211-3","volume":"131","author":"M Lutz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lutz M, Arora R, Krappinger D, Wambacher M, Rieger M, Pechlaner S (2011) Arthritis predicting factors in distal intraarticular radius fractures. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 131(8):1121\u20131126","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"4333_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-964925","volume":"39","author":"M Lutz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lutz M, Arora R, Smekal V et al (2007) Long-term results following ORIF of dorsal dislocated distal intraarticular radius fractures. Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir 39(1):54\u201359","journal-title":"Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir"},{"key":"4333_CR25","first-page":"8086594","volume":"2016","author":"Y Mifune","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mifune Y, Inui A, Takase F et al (2016) Two extension block Kirschner wires\u2019 technique for bony mallet thumb. Case Rep Orthop 2016:8086594","journal-title":"Case Rep Orthop"},{"issue":"7","key":"4333_CR26","first-page":"e1000097","volume":"6","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Group P (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS\u00a0Med 6(7):e1000097","journal-title":"PLoS\u00a0Med"},{"key":"4333_CR27","first-page":"3538405","volume":"2019","author":"F Mukasa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mukasa F, Tomita Y, Hirasawa H, Kaneko K (2019) Hook plate technique for bony mallet thumb. Case Rep Orthop 2019:3538405","journal-title":"Case Rep Orthop"},{"key":"4333_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325000802010151","volume":"2","author":"R Nelis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nelis R, Wouters DB (2008) Is the use of biodegradable devices in the operative treatment of avulsion fractures of fingers, the so-called mallet finger advantageous? A feasibility study with meniscus arrows. Open Orthop J 2:151\u2013154","journal-title":"Open Orthop J"},{"issue":"1","key":"4333_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218810413720076","volume":"18","author":"R Nishimura","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nishimura R, Matsuura S, Miyawaki T, Uchida M (2013) Bony mallet thumb. Hand Surg 18(1):107\u2013109","journal-title":"Hand Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"4333_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.10.035","volume":"92","author":"LJ O\u2019Brien","year":"2011","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien LJ, Bailey MJ (2011) Single blind, prospective, randomized controlled trial comparing dorsal aluminum and custom thermoplastic splints to stack splint for acute mallet finger. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 92(2):191\u2013198","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"4333_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944716672192","volume":"12","author":"K Oflazoglu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oflazoglu K, Moradi A, Braun Y, Ring D, Chen NC, Eberlin KR (2017) Mallet fractures of the thumb compared with mallet fractures of the fingers. Hand 12(3):277\u2013282","journal-title":"Hand"},{"issue":"11","key":"4333_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.06.001","volume":"92","author":"E Parot-Schinkel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Parot-Schinkel E, Roquelaure Y, Ha C et al (2011) Factors affecting return to work after carpal tunnel syndrome surgery in a large French cohort. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 92(11):1863\u20131869","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"4333_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/BTH.0b013e3181d13800","volume":"14","author":"J Phadnis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Phadnis J, Yousaf S, Little N, Chidambaram R, Mok D (2010) Open reduction internal fixation of the unstable mallet fracture. Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg 14(3):155\u2013159","journal-title":"Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg"},{"key":"4333_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-020-01372-7","author":"D Plancikova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Plancikova D, Leitgeb J, Brazinova A et al (2020) Characteristics and outcome of severe traumatic brain injuries based on occupational status. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-020-01372-7","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"4333_CR35","unstructured":"Reddy SV, Arumugam G, Ajin, Kumar R, Jose N (2013) Association of pain, physical function and radiographic features in Knee Osteoarthritis in Indian population. Int J Adv Res (Dec). ISSN 2320-5407"},{"issue":"3","key":"4333_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000001119","volume":"79","author":"A Thirumalai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thirumalai A, Mikalef P, Jose RM (2017) The versatile hook plate in avulsion fractures of the hand. Ann Plast Surg 79(3):270\u2013274","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"4333_CR37","first-page":"e5226","volume":"11","author":"C Timon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Timon C, Keady C (2019) Thermal osteonecrosis caused by bone drilling in orthopedic surgery: a literature review. Cureus 11(7):e5226","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"4333_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193421992986","author":"RW Trickett","year":"2021","unstructured":"Trickett RW, Brock J, Shewring DJ (2021) The non-operative management of bony mallet injuries. J Hand Surg Eur. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1753193421992986","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur"},{"issue":"3","key":"4333_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2015.03.001","volume":"28","author":"K Valdes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Valdes K, Naughton N, Algar L (2015) Conservative treatment of mallet finger: a systematic review. J Hand Ther 28(3):237\u2013245 (quiz 246)","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"4333_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-018-0332-y","volume":"23","author":"H Vester","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vester H, Schul L, von Matthey F, Beirer M, van Griensven M, Deiler S (2018) Patient satisfaction after hook plate treatment of bony avulsion fracture of the distal phalanges. Eur J Med Res 23(1):35","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"4333_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466050-00003","volume":"66","author":"MA Wehbe","year":"1984","unstructured":"Wehbe MA, Schneider LH (1984) Mallet fractures. J Bone Jt Surg Am 66(5):658\u2013669","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"issue":"22","key":"4333_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000501","volume":"132","author":"G Xiong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xiong G, Gao YB, Zheng W, Zhang CL, Liu K, Xiao ZR (2019) Treatment of mallet fractures with a transverse two-hole mini plate. Chin Med J 132(22):2757\u20132759","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"4333_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1054\/JHSB.1999.0195","volume":"24","author":"K Yamanaka","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yamanaka K, Sasaki T (1999) Treatment of mallet fractures using compression fixation pins. J Hand Surg Br 24(3):358\u2013360","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"issue":"11","key":"4333_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.07.021","volume":"35","author":"X Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang X, Meng H, Shao X, Wen S, Zhu H, Mi X (2010) Pull-out wire fixation for acute mallet finger fractures with k-wire stabilization of the distal interphalangeal joint. J Hand Surg Am 35(11):1864\u20131869","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"}],"container-title":["Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00402-021-04333-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00402-021-04333-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00402-021-04333-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,9]],"date-time":"2022-04-09T06:05:37Z","timestamp":1649484337000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00402-021-04333-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,15]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["4333"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-021-04333-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-3916"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1434-3916","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 October 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 January 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was obtained from the local ethical review board (1211\/2020).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}