{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T18:45:37Z","timestamp":1789757137277,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651104000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012681","name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum K\u00f6ln","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012681","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Stiffness after elbow injuries can severely limit daily life. If adequate conservative treatment does not result in satisfactory improvement of elbow function, surgical intervention should be considered. Whether an open or arthroscopic procedure is preferable is still a topic of debate and a systematic review of functional outcomes is lacking.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We systematically reviewed the available literature searching electronic databases, MEDLINE using the PubMed interface and EMBASE, for studies published between 2013 and 2021. Primary objective was to compare open and arthroscopic arthrolysis\u2019 functional outcomes, respectively, especially ROM and MEPS, as well as the accompanied complications. The PRISMA guidelines were applied.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>27 studies comprising 1666 patients were included. 1059 patients (63.6%) were treated with open arthrolysis, and 607 patients (36.4%) were treated with arthroscopic arthrolysis. The results presented indicate satisfactory outcomes in open and arthroscopic arthrolysis with regard to functional outcome parameters. Treatment success, defined as excellent or good results according to the Mayo Elbow Performance Score, among the patients treated with an open procedure was 88.8%; 6.3% required revision whereas 18.1% had complications without the need for revision surgery. Within the cohort of arthroscopically treated patients, treatment success was 91.8%. Revisions and complications without further surgical intervention were significantly less frequent than in the open cohort, at 1.6% and 9.1%, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Both open and arthroscopic arthrolysis provide good to excellent functional outcomes. Since the number of complications and revision increases with the invasiveness of the treatment, an arthroscopic procedure might be favored if feasible by indication. The role of forearm rotation and the use of a hinged external fixator remains of interest.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Level IV; Systematic review.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-022-04442-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T07:02:26Z","timestamp":1651129346000},"page":"2383-2393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Surgical arthrolysis of the stiff elbow: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"143","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4780-6875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Lanzerath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kilian","family":"Wegmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hackl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Uschok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Ott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars P.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Leschinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"4442_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199509000-00021","volume":"77","author":"MR Modabber","year":"1995","unstructured":"Modabber MR, Jupiter JB (1995) Reconstruction for post-traumatic conditions of the elbow joint. J Bone Jt Surg Am 77:1431\u20131446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/00004623-199509000-00021","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"key":"4442_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163060-00002","volume":"63","author":"BF Morrey","year":"1981","unstructured":"Morrey BF, Askew LJ, Chao EY (1981) A biomechanical study of normal functional elbow motion. J Bone Jt Surg Am 63:872\u2013877","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"key":"4442_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01633","volume":"93","author":"M Sardelli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sardelli M, Tashjian RZ, MacWilliams BA (2011) Functional elbow range of motion for contemporary tasks. J Bone Jt Surg Am 93:471\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.I.01633","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"key":"4442_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(02)00005-7","volume":"18","author":"DG Vardakas","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vardakas DG, Varitimidis SE, Goebel F et al (2002) Evaluating and treating the stiff elbow. Hand Clin 18:77\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0749-0712(02)00005-7","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"4442_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1053\/j.oto.2013.07.008","volume":"23","author":"LK Papatheodorou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Papatheodorou LK, Bear DM, Giugale J et al (2013) Treatment of the stiff arthritic elbow. Oper Tech Orthop 23:243\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.oto.2013.07.008","journal-title":"Oper Tech Orthop"},{"key":"4442_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2010.07.013","volume":"20","author":"C Myden","year":"2011","unstructured":"Myden C, Hildebrand K (2011) Elbow joint contracture after traumatic injury. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 20:39\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2010.07.013","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"4442_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2506-3","volume":"20","author":"Z Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun Z, Cui H, Liang J et al (2019) Determining the effective timing of an open arthrolysis for post-traumatic elbow stiffness: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 20:122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-019-2506-3","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"4442_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200409000-00014","volume":"86","author":"JM Aldridge","year":"2004","unstructured":"Aldridge JM, Atkins TA, Gunneson EE, Urbaniak JR (2004) Anterior release of the elbow for extension loss. J Bone Jt Surg Am 86:1955\u20131960. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/00004623-200409000-00014","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"key":"4442_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.80b5.8528","volume":"80","author":"MS Cohen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cohen MS, Hastings H (1998) Post-traumatic contracture of the elbow. Operative release using a lateral collateral ligament sparing approach. J Bone Jt Surg Br 80:805\u2013812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620x.80b5.8528","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Br"},{"key":"4442_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1097\/BTH.0b013e3181ac950b","volume":"13","author":"M Shafi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shafi M, Hattori Y, Doi K (2009) Surgical technique of debridement arthroplasty of the elbow through medial\/trans-flexor approach. Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg 13:151\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BTH.0b013e3181ac950b","journal-title":"Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg"},{"key":"4442_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-006-0252-2","volume":"31","author":"B Tosun","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tosun B, Gundes H, Buluc L, Sarlak AY (2007) The use of combined lateral and medial releases in the treatment of post-traumatic contracture of the elbow. Int Orthop 31:635\u2013638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-006-0252-2","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"4442_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.11.010","volume":"22","author":"IF Kodde","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kodde IF, van Rijn J, van den Bekerom MPJ, Eygendaal D (2013) Surgical treatment of post-traumatic elbow stiffness: a systematic review. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 22:574\u2013580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2012.11.010","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"4442_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2010.02.007","volume":"8","author":"D Moher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG (2010) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. Int J Surg 8:336\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijsu.2010.02.007","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"4442_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199811000-00006","volume":"80","author":"P Mansat","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mansat P, Morrey BF (1998) The column procedure: a limited lateral approach for extrinsic contracture of the elbow. J Bone Jt Surg Am 80:1603\u20131615","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"key":"4442_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.06.009","volume":"31","author":"D Ring","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ring D, Adey L, Zurakowski D, Jupiter JB (2006) Elbow capsulectomy for posttraumatic elbow stiffness. J Hand Surg 31:1264\u20131271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.06.009","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"key":"4442_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.89B6.18772","volume":"89","author":"S Sharma","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sharma S, Rymaszewski LA (2007) Open arthrolysis for post-traumatic stiffness of the elbow: results are durable over the medium term. J Bone Jt Surg Br 89:778\u2013781. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.89B6.18772","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Br"},{"key":"4442_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.92B1.22241","volume":"92","author":"GS Kulkarni","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kulkarni GS, Kulkarni VS, Shyam AK et al (2010) Management of severe extra-articular contracture of the elbow by open arthrolysis and a monolateral hinged external fixator. J Bone Jt Surg Br 92:92\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.92B1.22241","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Br"},{"key":"4442_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2692","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01367","volume":"92","author":"MJ Park","year":"2010","unstructured":"Park MJ, Chang MJ, Lee YB, Kang HJ (2010) Surgical release for posttraumatic loss of elbow flexion. J Bone Jt Surg Am 92:2692\u20132699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.I.01367","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"key":"4442_CR19","first-page":"453","volume":"77","author":"D Ayadi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ayadi D, Etienne P, Burny F, Schuind F (2011) Results of open arthrolysis for elbow stiffness. A series of 22 cases. Acta Orthop Belg 77:453\u2013457","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"4442_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e186","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20130122-21","volume":"36","author":"Y Ouyang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ouyang Y, Liao Y, Liu Z, Fan C (2013) Hinged external fixator and open surgery for severe elbow stiffness with distal humeral nonunion. Orthopedics 36:e186-192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/01477447-20130122-21","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"4442_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.10.024","volume":"22","author":"KH Koh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Koh KH, Lim TK, Lee HI, Park MJ (2013) Surgical release of elbow stiffness after internal fixation of intercondylar fracture of the distal humerus. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 22:268\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2012.10.024","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"4442_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2013.04.019","volume":"22","author":"KH Koh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Koh KH, Lim TK, Lee HI, Park MJ (2013) Surgical treatment of elbow stiffness caused by post-traumatic heterotopic ossification. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 22:1128\u20131134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2013.04.019","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"4442_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e477","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20150603-55","volume":"38","author":"W Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang W, Liu S, Jiang S-C et al (2015) Limited medial and lateral approaches to treat stiff elbows. Orthopedics 38:e477-484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/01477447-20150603-55","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"4442_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2015.10.025","volume":"25","author":"KK Kruse","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kruse KK, Papatheodorou LK, Weiser RW, Sotereanos DG (2016) Release of the stiff elbow with mini-open technique. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 25:355\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2015.10.025","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"4442_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.09.030","volume":"26","author":"S Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen S, Yan H, Wang W et al (2017) Reconstruction of medial collateral ligament defects with a flexor-pronator fascia patch in complete open release of stiff elbows. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 26:133\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2016.09.030","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"4442_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.09.019","volume":"26","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Cai J-Y, Chen S et al (2017) Application of distal radius-positioned hinged external fixator in complete open release for severe elbow stiffness. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 26:e44\u2013e51. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2016.09.019","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"4442_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.12.065","volume":"26","author":"W Zheng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zheng W, Chen S, Song J et al (2017) The influence of body mass index on outcome of open arthrolysis for post-traumatic elbow stiffness. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 26:809\u2013814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2016.12.065","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"4442_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aott.2017.05.005","volume":"51","author":"H Gundes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gundes H, Selek \u00d6, Gok U et al (2017) The relation between elbow range of motion and patient satisfaction after open release of stiff elbow. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 51:303\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aott.2017.05.005","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc"},{"key":"4442_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.06.008","volume":"28","author":"J-M Kwak","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kwak J-M, Sun Y, Kholinne E et al (2019) Surgical outcomes for post-traumatic stiffness after elbow fracture: comparison between open and arthroscopic procedures for intra- and extra-articular elbow fractures. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 28:1998\u20132006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2019.06.008","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"4442_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000000726","volume":"477","author":"Z Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun Z, Cui H, Ruan J et al (2019) What range of motion and functional results can be expected after open arthrolysis with hinged external fixation for severe posttraumatic elbow stiffness? Clin Orthop 477:2319\u20132328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CORR.0000000000000726","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"4442_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.08.001","volume":"29","author":"Z Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun Z, Li J, Cui H et al (2020) A new pathologic classification for elbow stiffness based on our experience in 216 patients. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 29:e75\u2013e86. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2019.08.001","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"4442_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2020.02.021","volume":"29","author":"H Xiong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiong H, Sun Z, Chen S et al (2020) Effect of hyperuricemia on functional outcomes and complications in patients with elbow stiffness after open arthrolysis combined with hinged external fixation: a retrospective study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 29:1387\u20131393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2020.02.021","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"4442_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2005.09.016","volume":"21","author":"PC Lapner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lapner PC, Leith JM, Regan WD (2005) Arthroscopic debridement of the elbow for arthrofibrosis resulting from nondisplaced fracture of the radial head. Arthrosc J Arthrosc Relat Surg Off Publ Arthrosc Assoc N Am Int Arthrosc Assoc 21:1492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2005.09.016","journal-title":"Arthrosc J Arthrosc Relat Surg Off Publ Arthrosc Assoc N Am Int Arthrosc Assoc"},{"key":"4442_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.04.100","volume":"22","author":"D Nguyen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nguyen D, Proper SIW, MacDermid JC et al (2006) Functional outcomes of arthroscopic capsular release of the elbow. Arthrosc J Arthrosc Relat Surg Off Publ Arthrosc Assoc N Am Int Arthrosc Assoc 22:842\u2013849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.04.100","journal-title":"Arthrosc J Arthrosc Relat Surg Off Publ Arthrosc Assoc N Am Int Arthrosc Assoc"},{"key":"4442_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-010-1334-7","volume":"19","author":"S-J Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim S-J, Moon H-K, Chun Y-M, Chang J-H (2011) Arthroscopic treatment for limitation of motion of the elbow: the learning curve. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 19:1013\u20131018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-010-1334-7","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"4442_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2424-0","volume":"22","author":"LA Pederzini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pederzini LA, Nicoletta F, Tosi M et al (2014) Elbow arthroscopy in stiff elbow. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc Off J ESSKA 22:467\u2013473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-013-2424-0","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc Off J ESSKA"},{"key":"4442_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3032-3","volume":"23","author":"X Wu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wu X, Wang H, Meng C et al (2015) Outcomes of arthroscopic arthrolysis for the post-traumatic elbow stiffness. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc Off J ESSKA 23:2715\u20132720. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-014-3032-3","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc Off J ESSKA"},{"key":"4442_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.02.068","volume":"27","author":"P Lubiatowski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lubiatowski P, \u015al\u0119zak M, Wa\u0142ecka J et al (2018) Prospective outcome assessment of arthroscopic arthrolysis for traumatic and degenerative elbow contracture. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 27:e269\u2013e278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2018.02.068","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"4442_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2666-1","volume":"20","author":"S Rai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rai S, Zhang Q, Tamang N et al (2019) Arthroscopic arthrolysis of posttraumatic and non-traumatic elbow stiffness offers comparable clinical outcomes. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 20:285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-019-2666-1","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"}],"container-title":["Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00402-022-04442-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00402-022-04442-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00402-022-04442-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T12:06:51Z","timestamp":1681733211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00402-022-04442-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["4442"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-022-04442-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-3916"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1434-3916","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 November 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 April 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 April 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent\/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study has not involved human subjects or had to be accompanied by an Institutional Review Board (IRB) or Ethical Committee Approval.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not required as this is a systematic review.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}