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Although postoperative infection is uncommon, it represents a clinically relevant complication that may affect outcomes. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the incidence, subtypes, and treatment of infections following surgical management of DRFs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search of MEDLINE\/PubMed and Cochrane Library was performed from inception to June 2024, following PRISMA guidelines. English-language longitudinal studies (prospective or retrospective) reporting infection after DRF surgery were included. Case reports, meta-analyses, animal studies, and articles without relevant outcomes were excluded. Extracted data included infection incidence, classification, microbiological findings, and reported management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty-five studies met inclusion criteria, encompassing 6499 patients and 6451 procedures. A total of 341 infections were reported (5.3%). Superficial surgical site infections accounted for 22.6% of cases, deep infections for 12.0%, and pin-tract infections for 61.0%. Infection rates differed by fixation method: approximately 2.0% for open reduction and internal fixation, 12.0% for Kirschner-wire fixation, and 13.9% for external fixation. Microbiological confirmation was reported only in a minority of studies; when available,\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the most frequently isolated organism. Management strategies ranged from oral antibiotics and local wound care for superficial infections to intravenous antibiotics with debridement and hardware removal for severe cases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infections following DRF surgery are relatively rare but vary across fixation techniques, with pin-tract infections predominating in percutaneous and external constructs. The heterogeneity of infection definitions and the scarcity of microbiological reporting limit comparability between studies. Standardized SSI\/FRI classification and more consistent documentation are needed to improve evidence-based prevention and treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-025-06061-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T10:45:15Z","timestamp":1761216315000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Epidemiology and treatment of surgical infections after distal radius fractures: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Cruciani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Giuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Di Pietro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Cianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camillo","family":"Fulchignoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Del Vecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Maccauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Vitiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"6061_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-3105-1","volume":"21","author":"J Rundgren","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rundgren J, Bojan A, Mellstrand Navarro C, Enocson A (2020) Epidemiology, classification, treatment and mortality of distal radius fractures in adults: an observational study of 23,394 fractures from the National Swedish fracture register. 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