{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T17:58:42Z","timestamp":1781632722445,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Suleyman Demirel University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective single-center study aimed to evaluate the anatomical and functional outcomes of tibialis posterior tendon transfer in patients with foot drop. Foot drop is characterized by weakness or loss of ankle dorsiflexion, eversion, and toe extension, commonly resulting from neurological, systemic, or traumatic causes. Tibialis posterior tendon transfer improves ankle dorsiflexion function rather than restoring normal ankle function, and it also eliminates deforming forces on the medial foot. This study aimed to evaluate the anatomical and functional outcomes of tibialis posterior tendon transfer in patients with foot drop.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This single-center retrospective study included 20 patients who underwent tibialis posterior tendon transfer via the interosseous membrane between 2016 and 2023. Radiological evaluation included assessment of the tibiotalar angle and hindfoot alignment. Evaluation of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) was based on measurements of the calcaneus\u2013first metatarsal angle, lateral talus\u2013first metatarsal angle (Meary\u2019s angle), lateral talocalcaneal angle, talohorizontal angle, calcaneal pitch angle, talonavicular coverage angle, anteroposterior (AP) talocalcaneal angle, and AP talus\u2013first metatarsal angle. Surgical success and functional recovery were assessed using the Stanmore score and the criteria described by Carayon et al. The primary endpoint was the postoperative improvement in active dorsiflexion and medial longitudinal arch parameters. The Carayon criteria evaluate active dorsiflexion (DF), active plantarflexion (PF), and active range of motion (ROM). The Stanmore score assesses foot position, active DF, muscle strength grade, functional activities, ability to use normal footwear, orthosis use, and pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean age was 38.25 years (range, 22\u201380). The mean duration of paralysis was 45.55 months, and the mean follow-up period was 42.6 months. According to the Stanmore score, outcomes were excellent in 30% of patients, good in 30%, fair in 20%, and poor in 20%. The mean postoperative active dorsiflexion gain was 9\u00b0 (SD\u2009\u00b1\u20095.6). Changes in the lateral talocalcaneal, lateral talus\u2013first metatarsal, and talohorizontal angles showed a significant relationship with the duration of paralysis, indicating a tendency toward MLA collapse; however, no patients developed pes planus or other deformities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tibialis posterior tendon transfer effectively reduces the need for orthotic devices and achieves satisfactory restoration of active ankle dorsiflexion in patients with foot drop. Careful tension adjustment and proper positioning during surgery are essential for optimal alignment and functional recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-025-06179-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T04:28:17Z","timestamp":1770006497000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effect of tibialis posterior tendon transfer on anatomical foot parameters and functional outcomes in drop foot patients: a single center study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Umut Can","family":"Duvarci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sefa Erdem","family":"Karapinar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Recep","family":"Dincer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serdar Kamil","family":"Cepni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yakup Barbaros","family":"Baykal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vecihi","family":"Kirdemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"6179_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2020.07.003","volume":"39","author":"JS Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park JS, Casale MJ (2020) Posterior tibial tendon transfer for common peroneal nerve injury. Clin Sports Med 39:819\u2013828. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.csm.2020.07.003","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"key":"6179_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v15.i11.1047","volume":"15","author":"M Saaiq","year":"2024","unstructured":"Saaiq M (2024) Presentation and management outcome of foot drop with tibialis posterior tendon transfer. World J Orthop 15:1047\u20131055. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5312\/wjo.v15.i11.1047","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"key":"6179_CR3","unstructured":"Merkezi nedenlere ba\u011fl\u0131 ayak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in tibialis posterior transferi Uzun vadeli arka ayak hizalamas\u0131 - PubMed. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30591416\/. Accessed 27 Oct 2025"},{"key":"6179_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.04.086","volume":"78","author":"M Emamhadi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Emamhadi M, Naseri A, Aghaei I et al (2020) Soleus nerve transfer to deep peroneal nerve for treatment of foot drop. J Clin Neurosci 78:159\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.04.086","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"6179_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10080-1583","volume":"18","author":"N Eisenstein","year":"2023","unstructured":"Eisenstein N, Fischer B, Nayagam S (2023) Tibialis posterior tendon transfer for the management of foot drop. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr 18:56\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5005\/jp-journals-10080-1583","journal-title":"Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr"},{"key":"6179_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100713488761","volume":"34","author":"M Arunakul","year":"2013","unstructured":"Arunakul M, Amendola A, Gao Y et al (2013) Tripod index: a new radiographic parameter assessing foot alignment. Foot Ankle Int 34:1411\u20131420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1071100713488761","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"6179_CR7","unstructured":"D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ayak sendromunda posterior tibial ve fleks\u00f6r digitorum longus tendonlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ift transferi Otuz bir vaka raporu - PubMed. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/4289014\/. Accessed 27 Oct 2025"},{"key":"6179_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.71B5.2555372","volume":"71","author":"BM Richard","year":"1989","unstructured":"Richard BM (1989) Interosseous transfer of tibialis posterior for common peroneal nerve palsy. J Bone Joint Surg Br 71:834\u2013837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.71B5.2555372","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"6179_CR9","first-page":"259","volume":"41","author":"T Ozkan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ozkan T, Tun\u00e7er S, Ozt\u00fcrk K et al (2007) [Surgical restoration of drop foot deformity with tibialis posterior tendon transfer]. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 41:259\u2013265","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc"},{"key":"6179_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.5935\/0305-7518.19950026","volume":"66","author":"D Soares","year":"1995","unstructured":"Soares D (1995) Tibialis posterior transfer in the correction of footdrop due to leprosy. Lepr Rev 66:229\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5935\/0305-7518.19950026","journal-title":"Lepr Rev"},{"key":"6179_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679808999265","volume":"69","author":"LM Hove","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hove LM, Nilsen PT (1998) Posterior tibial tendon transfer for drop-foot. 20 cases followed for 1\u20135 years. Acta Orthop Scand 69:608\u2013610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/17453679808999265","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"6179_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100718760845","volume":"39","author":"E Wagner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wagner E, Wagner P, Zanolli D et al (2018) Biomechanical evaluation of circumtibial and transmembranous routes for posterior tibial tendon transfer for Dropfoot. Foot Ankle Int 39:843\u2013849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1071100718760845","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"6179_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100717695508","volume":"38","author":"B-K Cho","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cho B-K, Park K-J, Choi S-M et al (2017) Functional outcomes following anterior transfer of the tibialis posterior tendon for foot drop secondary to peroneal nerve palsy. Foot Ankle Int 38:627\u2013633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1071100717695508","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"6179_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1302\/2633-1462.45.BJO-2023-0005.R1","volume":"4","author":"J Hochstetter-Owen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hochstetter-Owen J, Stott S, Williams SA (2023) The efficacy of split tibial tendon transfers on functional gait outcomes for children and youth with cerebral palsy and spastic equinovarus foot deformities. Bone Jt Open 4:283\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/2633-1462.45.BJO-2023-0005.R1","journal-title":"Bone Jt Open"},{"key":"6179_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079201300203","volume":"13","author":"RP Rodriguez","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rodriguez RP (1992) The bridle procedure in the treatment of paralysis of the foot. Foot Ankle 13:63\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/107110079201300203","journal-title":"Foot Ankle"},{"key":"6179_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047-020-00392-1","volume":"13","author":"M Willegger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Willegger M, Seyidova N, Schuh R et al (2020) The tibialis posterior tendon footprint: an anatomical dissection study. J Foot Ankle Res 13:25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13047-020-00392-1","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Res"},{"key":"6179_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-010-1231-z","volume":"131","author":"H-U Steinau","year":"2011","unstructured":"Steinau H-U, Tofaute A, Huellmann K et al (2011) Tendon transfers for drop foot correction: long-term results including quality of life assessment, and dynamometric and pedobarographic measurements. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 131:903\u2013910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-010-1231-z","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"6179_CR18","unstructured":"New tendon transfer for correction of drop-foot in common peroneal nerve palsy - PubMed. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18414961\/. Accessed 27 Oct 2025"}],"container-title":["Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00402-025-06179-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00402-025-06179-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00402-025-06179-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T17:30:50Z","timestamp":1781631050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00402-025-06179-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6179"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-025-06179-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-3916"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1434-3916","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Approved by the Institutional Review Board (No: 363, 29.12.2023). Informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"35"}}