{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T18:18:53Z","timestamp":1783621133347,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\u201cCut-in\u201d is a rare but serious complication associated with cephalomedullary nail fixation for intertrochanteric hip fractures, particularly with Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA). This phenomenon involves paradoxical superomedial migration of the helical blade through the femoral head. Although increasingly recognised, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely defined. This study aims to describe a new superolateral tensile loading set up in a bidirectional loading model, with the aim of incorporating possible mechanical deviations introduced by abductor weakness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study was conducted in two stages. An initial stage with synthetic femurs (SYNBONE\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      2420) was used to calibrate the set up. Within this stage, intramedullary canal diameter was compared (12\u00a0mm vs. 18\u00a0mm). In the final stage, 5 osteoporotic synthetic femurs (Sawbones\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      3503) were used. In both stages, standardised AO\/OTA 31-A1.1 intertrochanteric fracture were created in the synthetic femurs and fixed with PFNA-II implants. All femurs were subjected to cyclical bidirectional loading with a universal testing machine. Each cycle consisted of axial compression (720\u00a0N) and superolateral tensile loading (120\u00a0N) at 2\u00a0Hz. This configuration was designed to simulate altered hip biomechanics postulated with the trendelenburg gait. Testing was continued until mechanical failure, construct deformation, or specimen fracture occurred. Full cut-in was defined as complete perforation of the blade through the femoral head cortex, while partial cut-in was defined as superomedial migration of the blade without perforation of the femoral head cortex.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The initial stage demonstrated partial cut-in more frequently in specimens with larger canal diameters (18\u00a0mm), but did not produce any full cut-in. The final stage with an 18\u00a0mm canal diameter achieved full cut-in in all five specimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our bidirectional loading model with superolateral tensile loading reproduced full \u2018cut-in\u2019 in all 5 specimens of the final stage, serving as a proof-of-concept tool. Larger studies are warranted for validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-026-06398-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T17:38:13Z","timestamp":1783618693000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A novel biomechanical model for reproducing and analysing the causal mechanisms of PFNA \u201ccut-in\u201d phenomenon"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Kumaran","family":"Rasappan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Joshua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siaw Meng","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leanne Kayla Rebecca Mei-Yi","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daran","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andy","family":"Yew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernest Beng Kee","family":"Kwek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"6398_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e580","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(21)00172-0","volume":"2","author":"A Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu A, Bisignano C, James SL, Abady GG, Abedi A, Abu-Gharbieh E et al (2021) Global, regional, and national burden of bone fractures in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Healthy Longev 2(9):e580\u2013e592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2666-7568(21)00172-0","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"issue":"8","key":"6398_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4821","volume":"38","author":"C Sing","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sing C, Lin T, Bartholomew S, Bell JS, Bennett C, Beyene K et al (2023) Global epidemiology of hip fractures: secular trends in incidence rate, post-fracture treatment, and all-cause mortality. J Bone Min Res 38(8):1064\u20131075. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.4821","journal-title":"J Bone Min Res"},{"key":"6398_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dyer SM, Crotty M, Fairhall N, Magaziner J, Beaupre LA, Cameron ID et al (2016) A critical review of the long-term disability outcomes following hip fracture. BMC Geriatr 16(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-016-0332-0","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-016-0332-0"},{"key":"6398_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mavrogenis AF, Panagopoulos GN, Megaloikonomos PD, Igoumenou VG, Galanopoulos I, Vottis CT et al (2016) Complications after hip nailing for fractures. Orthopedics 39(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/01477447-20151222-11","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20151222-11"},{"issue":"20","key":"6398_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.447","volume":"171","author":"ES LeBlanc","year":"2011","unstructured":"LeBlanc ES, Hillier TA, Pedula KL, Rizzo JH, Cawthon PM, Fink HA et al (2011) Hip fracture and increased short-term but not long-term mortality in healthy older women. Arch Intern Med 171(20):1831. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.447","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6398_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2012.04.001","volume":"3","author":"R Mittal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mittal R, Banerjee S (2012) Proximal femoral fractures: principles of management and review of literature. J Clin Orthop Trauma 3(1):15\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcot.2012.04.001","journal-title":"J Clin Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"6398_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aprisunadi N, Nursalam N, Mustikasari M, Ifadah E, Hapsari ED (2023) Effect of early mobilization on hip and lower extremity postoperative: a literature review. SAGE Open Nurs 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23779608231167825","DOI":"10.1177\/23779608231167825"},{"issue":"11","key":"6398_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-014-2320-3","volume":"38","author":"J Barton\u00ed\u010dek","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barton\u00ed\u010dek J, Rammelt S (2014) The history of internal fixation of proximal femur fractures Ernst Pohl \u2014 the genius behind. Int Orthop 38(11):2421\u20132426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-014-2320-3","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"6398_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2012.12.019","volume":"99","author":"L Shen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shen L, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Cui Z (2013) Antirotation proximal femoral nail versus dynamic hip screw for intertrochanteric fractures: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 99(4):377\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2012.12.019","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"6398_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Selim A, Ponugoti N, Naqvi AZ, Magill H (2021) Cephalo-medullary nailing versus dynamic hip screw with trochanteric stabilisation plate for the treatment of unstable per-trochanteric hip fractures: a meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res 16(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-020-02193-5","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-020-02193-5"},{"issue":"8","key":"6398_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2008.02.005","volume":"39","author":"R Simmermacher","year":"2008","unstructured":"Simmermacher R, Ljungqvist J, Bail H, Hockertz T, Vochteloo A, Ochs U et al (2008) The new proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA\u00ae) in daily practice: results of a multicentre clinical study. Injury 39(8):932\u2013939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2008.02.005","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"6","key":"6398_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e32920","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000032920","volume":"102","author":"C Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang C, Chen Z, Wang M, Chen W, Ding Z (2023) Comparison of clinical outcomes with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation versus dynamic hip screw for unstable intertrochanteric femoral fractures: a meta-analysis. Med (Baltim) 102(6):e32920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000032920","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"issue":"1","key":"6398_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2008.07.004","volume":"24","author":"M Windolf","year":"2008","unstructured":"Windolf M, Braunstein V, Dutoit C, Schwieger K (2008) Is a helical shaped implant a superior alternative to the dynamic hip screw for unstable femoral neck fractures? Clin Biomech (Bristol Avon) 24(1):59\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2008.07.004","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol Avon)"},{"issue":"6","key":"6398_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200407000-00006","volume":"18","author":"MB Sommers","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sommers MB, Roth C, Hall H, Kam BC, Ehmke LW, Krieg JC, Madey SM, Bottlang M (2004) A laboratory model to evaluate cutout resistance of implants for pertrochanteric fracture fixation. J Orthop Trauma 18(6):361\u2013366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005131-200407000-00006","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"6398_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2008.10.014","volume":"40","author":"P Mereddy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mereddy P, Kamath S, Ramakrishnan M, Malik H, Donnachie N (2009) The AO\/ASIF proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA): a new design for the treatment of unstable proximal femoral fractures. Injury 40(4):428\u2013432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2008.10.014","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"6398_CR16","unstructured":"Sliding hip screw with antirotation screw for Basicervical femoral neck fractures [Internet]. [cited 2025 Oct 17]. Available from: https:\/\/surgeryreference.aofoundation.org\/orthopedic-trauma\/adult-trauma\/proximal-femur\/femoral-neck-fracture-basicervical\/sliding-hip-screw-with-antirotation-screw#general-considerations"},{"issue":"8","key":"6398_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.96B8.33644","volume":"96\u2013B","author":"A Kashigar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kashigar A, Vincent A, Gunton MJ, Backstein D, Safir O, Kuzyk PRT (2014) Predictors of failure for cephalomedullary nailing of proximal femoral fractures. Bone Joint J 96\u2013B(8):1029\u20131034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.96B8.33644","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"issue":"1","key":"6398_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.72b1.2298790","volume":"72\u2013B","author":"T Davis","year":"1990","unstructured":"Davis T, Sher J, Horsman A, Simpson M, Porter B, Checketts R (1990) Intertrochanteric femoral fractures. Mechanical failure after internal fixation. J Bone Joint Surg Br 72\u2013B(1):26\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620x.72b1.2298790","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"7","key":"6398_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199507000-00012","volume":"77","author":"MR Baumgaertner","year":"1995","unstructured":"Baumgaertner MR, Curtin SL, Lindskog DM, Keggi JM (1995) The value of the tip-apex distance in predicting failure of fixation of peritrochanteric fractures of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg 77(7):1058\u20131064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/00004623-199507000-00012","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"6398_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-012-1636-0","volume":"36","author":"H Andruszkow","year":"2012","unstructured":"Andruszkow H, Frink M, Fr\u00f6mke C, Matityahu A, Zeckey C, Mommsen P et al (2012) Tip apex distance, hip screw placement, and neck shaft angle as potential risk factors for cut-out failure of hip screws after surgical treatment of intertrochanteric fractures. Int Orthop 36(11):2347\u20132354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-012-1636-0","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"6398_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-011-1405-5","volume":"36","author":"K Hsueh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hsueh K, Fang C, Chen C, Su Y, Wu H, Chiu F (2011) Erratum to: Risk factors in cutout of sliding hip screw in intertrochanteric fractures: an evaluation of 937 patients. Int Orthop 36(1):215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-011-1405-5","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"10","key":"6398_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2003.10.028","volume":"35","author":"H Pervez","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pervez H, Parker MJ, Vowler S (2004) Prediction of fixation failure after sliding hip screw fixation. Injury 35(10):994\u2013998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2003.10.028","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"8","key":"6398_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.68.BJR-2016-0299.R1","volume":"6","author":"G Caruso","year":"2017","unstructured":"Caruso G, Bonomo M, Valpiani G, Salvatori G, Gildone A, Lorusso V, Massari L (2017) A six-year retrospective analysis of cut-out risk predictors in cephalomedullary nailing for pertrochanteric fractures: can the tip-apex distance (TAD) still be considered the best parameter? Bone Joint Res 6(8):481\u2013488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/2046-3758.68.BJR-2016-0299.R1","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"6398_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.06.020","volume":"48","author":"M Yam","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yam M, Chawla A, Kwek E (2017) Rewriting the tip apex distance for the proximal femoral nail anti-rotation. Injury 48(8):1843\u20131847. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2017.06.020","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"7","key":"6398_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.87.BJR-2018-0271.R1","volume":"8","author":"GW Law","year":"2019","unstructured":"Law GW, Wong YR, Yew AK, Choh ACT, Koh JSB, Howe TS (2019) Medial migration in cephalomedullary nail fixation of pertrochanteric hip fractures. Bone Joint Res 8(7):313\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/2046-3758.87.BJR-2018-0271.R1","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"6398_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-020-03439-x","volume":"140","author":"M Yam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yam M, Kang BJ, Chawla A, Zhang W, Way LG, Xavier RPA et al (2020) Cephalomedullary blade cut-ins: a poorly understood phenomenon. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 140(12):1939\u20131945. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-020-03439-x","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"6398_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-007-0497-2","volume":"128","author":"YA Weil","year":"2007","unstructured":"Weil YA, Gardner MJ, Mikhail G, Pierson G, Helfet DL, Lorich DG (2007) Medial migration of intramedullary hip fixation devices: a biomechanical analysis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 128(2):227\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-007-0497-2","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"6398_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2020.10.067","volume":"52","author":"G Chan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chan G, Hughes K, Barakat A, Edres K, Da Assuncao R, Page P et al (2020) Inter- and intra-observer reliability of the new AO\/OTA classification of proximal femur fractures. Injury 52(6):1434\u20131437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2020.10.067","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"4","key":"6398_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2018.12.013","volume":"34","author":"SN Andrews","year":"2018","unstructured":"Andrews SN, Beeler DM, Parke EA, Nakasone CK, Stickley CD (2018) Fixed distal femoral cut of 6\u00b0 valgus in total knee arthroplasty: A radiographic review of 788 consecutive cases. J Arthroplasty 34(4):755\u2013759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2018.12.013","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"2","key":"6398_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.1983.10605290","volume":"54","author":"S Plagenhoef","year":"1983","unstructured":"Plagenhoef S, Evans FG, Abdelnour T (1983) Anatomical data for analyzing human motion. Res Q Exerc Sport 54(2):169\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02701367.1983.10605290","journal-title":"Res Q Exerc Sport"},{"issue":"4","key":"6398_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2010.501744","volume":"81","author":"R Eberl","year":"2010","unstructured":"Eberl R, Singer G, Ferlic P, Weinberg AM, Hoellwarth ME (2010) Post-traumatic coxa vara in children following screw fixation of the femoral neck. Acta Orthop 81(4):442\u2013445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/17453674.2010.501744","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"6398_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/JOA.12073","volume":"223","author":"I Gilligan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gilligan I, Chandraphak S, Mahakkanukrauh P (2013) Femoral neck-shaft angle in humans: variation relating to climate, clothing, lifestyle, sex, age and side. J Anat 223(2):133\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/JOA.12073","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"issue":"11","key":"6398_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2019.01.008","volume":"42","author":"J Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim J, Jung C, Shen QH, Cha Y, Park CH, Yoo J et al (2019) Mechanical effect of different implant caput-collum-diaphyseal angles on the fracture surface after fixation of an unstable intertrochanteric fracture: a finite element analysis. Asian J Surg 42(11):947\u2013956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asjsur.2019.01.008","journal-title":"Asian J Surg"},{"key":"6398_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2834816","volume":"2020","author":"S Mallya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mallya S, Kamath SU, Annappa R, Nazareth NE, Kamath K, Tyagi P (2020) The results of unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture treated with proximal femoral nail antirotation-2 with respect to different greater trochanteric entry points. Adv Orthop 2020:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/2834816","journal-title":"Adv Orthop"},{"key":"6398_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Siddiqui YS, Khan AQ, Asif N, Sherwani MKA (2019) Modes of failure of proximal femoral nail (PFN) in unstable trochanteric fractures. MOJ Orthop Rheumatol 11(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15406\/mojor.2019.11.00460","DOI":"10.15406\/mojor.2019.11.00460"},{"issue":"2","key":"6398_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199702000-00004","volume":"11","author":"GI Bain","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bain GI, Zacest AC, Paterson DC, Middleton J, Pohl AP (1997) Abduction strength following intramedullary nailing of the femur. J Orthop Trauma 11(2):93\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005131-199702000-00004","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"6398_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.4103\/jotr.jotr_112_22","volume":"15","author":"GK Girigowda","year":"2023","unstructured":"Girigowda GK, Nayak VG, Gowda LN, Bhikshavarthimath SA (2023) Evaluation of the status of gluteus medius muscle measured by computed tomography scan in patients with intertrochanteric fractures treated by intramedullary nailing: a short term study. J Orthop Traumatol Rehabil 15(2):197\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jotr.jotr_112_22","journal-title":"J Orthop Traumatol Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"6398_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3113\/JSOA.2020.0077","volume":"29","author":"RK Hurley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hurley RK, Sheean AJ, Beltran MJ (2020) Gluteus medius insertion damage: a comparison of reconstruction and hip fracture nails. J Surg Orthop Adv 29(2):77\u201380 PMID: 32584219","journal-title":"J Surg Orthop Adv"},{"issue":"3","key":"6398_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.18231\/2395-1362.2018.0046","volume":"4","author":"A Kundu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kundu A, Wale N, Phuljhele S, Banchhor R (2018) Abductor weakness in intertrochantric fractures operated with PFN and its management. Indian J Orthop Surg 4(3):230\u2013233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18231\/2395-1362.2018.0046","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop Surg"},{"key":"6398_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Noda M, Saegusa Y, Takahashi M, Takada Y, Fujita M, Shinohara I (2017) Decreased postoperative gluteus medius muscle cross-sectional area measured by computed tomography scan in patients with intertrochanteric fractures nailing. J Orthop Surg 25(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2309499017727943","DOI":"10.1177\/2309499017727943"},{"issue":"4","key":"6398_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2012.12.018","volume":"34","author":"BK Krautwurst","year":"2013","unstructured":"Krautwurst BK, Wolf SI, Heitzmann DW, Gantz S, Braatz F, Dreher T (2013) The influence of hip abductor weakness on frontal plane motion of the trunk and pelvis in patients with cerebral palsy. Res Dev Disabil 34(4):1198\u20131203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2012.12.018","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"6398_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23552","volume":"300","author":"CL Lewis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lewis CL, Laudicina NM, Khuu A, Loverro KL (2017) The human pelvis: variation in structure and function during gait. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 300(4):633\u2013642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.23552","journal-title":"Anat Rec (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"02","key":"6398_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1199617","volume":"21","author":"F Trendelenburg","year":"1895","unstructured":"Trendelenburg F (1895) Ueber den Gang bei angeborener H\u00fcftgelenksluxation. DMW - Dtsch Medizinische Wochenschrift 21(02):21\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0029-1199617","journal-title":"DMW - Dtsch Medizinische Wochenschrift"},{"issue":"5","key":"6398_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1682\/jrrd.2014.09.0207","volume":"52","author":"JC Dean","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dean JC, Kautz SA (2015) Foot placement control and gait instability among people with stroke. J Rehabil Res Dev 52(5):577\u2013590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1682\/jrrd.2014.09.0207","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"6398_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00138.2014","volume":"112","author":"BL Rankin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rankin BL, Buffo SK, Dean JC (2014) A neuromechanical strategy for mediolateral foot placement in walking humans. J Neurophysiol 112(2):374\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00138.2014","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6398_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1392310","volume":"123","author":"FC Anderson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Anderson FC, Pandy MG (2001) Dynamic optimization of human walking. J Biomech Eng 123(5):381\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.1392310","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"issue":"9","key":"6398_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(98)00080-3","volume":"31","author":"GN Duda","year":"1998","unstructured":"Duda GN, Heller M, Albinger J, Schulz O, Schneider E, Claes L (1998) Influence of muscle forces on femoral strain distribution. J Biomech 31(9):841\u2013846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0021-9290(98)00080-3","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"6398_CR48","unstructured":"Neumann DA (2010) Kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system: foundations for rehabilitation. Mosby"},{"issue":"4","key":"6398_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20100225-19","volume":"33","author":"JH Flint","year":"2010","unstructured":"Flint JH, Sanchez-Navarro CF, Buckwalter JA, Marsh JL (2010) Intrapelvic migration of a gamma nail lag screw: review of the possible mechanisms. Orthopedics 33(4):266\u2013270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/01477447-20100225-19","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"12","key":"6398_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e119","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3181db7f25","volume":"24","author":"DJ Heineman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Heineman DJ, Van Buijtenen JM, Heuff G, Derksen EJ, P\u00f6ll RG (2010) Intra-abdominal migration of a lag screw in gamma nailing: report of a case. J Orthop Trauma 24(12):e119\u2013e122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3181db7f25","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"6398_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-799X-5-62","volume":"5","author":"X Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li X, Heffernan MJ, Kane C, Leclair W (2010) Medial pelvic migration of the lag screw in a short gamma nail after hip fracture fixation: a case report and review of the literature. J Orthop Surg Res 5(1):62. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1749-799X-5-62","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"6398_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s00113-002-0416-5","volume":"105","author":"W Werner-Tutschku","year":"2002","unstructured":"Werner-Tutschku W, Lajtai G, Schmiedhuber G, Lang T, Pirkl C, Orthner E (2002) Intra- und perioperative Komplikationen bei der Stabilisierung von per- und subtrochant\u00e4ren Femurfrakturen mittels PFN\u00ae. Der Unfallchirurg 105(10):881\u2013885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00113-002-0416-5","journal-title":"Der Unfallchirurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"6398_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0883-5403(94)90136-8","volume":"9","author":"RA Brand","year":"1994","unstructured":"Brand RA, Pedersen DR, Davy DT, Kotzar GM, Heiple KG, Goldberg VM (1994) Comparison of hip force calculations and measurements in the same patient. J Arthroplasty 9(1):45\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0883-5403(94)90136-8","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"}],"container-title":["Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00402-026-06398-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00402-026-06398-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00402-026-06398-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T17:38:15Z","timestamp":1783618695000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00402-026-06398-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6398"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-026-06398-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-3916"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1434-3916","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"252"}}