{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T08:30:37Z","timestamp":1786437037302,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-026-06423-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T07:04:32Z","timestamp":1786431872000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Conservative and surgical treatment of wrist osteoarthritis: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"146","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6766-6586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Boever","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Unglaub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Wulf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian K.","family":"Spies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin F.","family":"Langer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian Cavalcanti","family":"Ku\u00dfmaul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"18","key":"6423_CR1","first-page":"594","volume":"121","author":"A Cavalcanti Ku\u00dfmaul","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cavalcanti Ku\u00dfmaul A, Kuehlein T, Langer MF, Ayache A, L\u00f6w S, Unglaub F (2024) The Conservative and Operative Treatment of Carpal Fractures. Dtsch Arztebl Int 121(18):594\u2013600","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"6423_CR2","first-page":"321","volume":"122","author":"A Harbrecht","year":"2025","unstructured":"Harbrecht A, Unglaub F, Langer MF, M\u00fcller LP, Hug U, Spies CK (2025) Instability of the Distal Radioulnar Joint. Dtsch Arztebl Int 122(12):321\u2013327","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"6423_CR3","first-page":"152","volume":"107","author":"JW Michael","year":"2010","unstructured":"Michael JW, Schl\u00fcter-Brust KU, Eysel P (2010) The epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Dtsch Arztebl Int 107(9):152\u2013162","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"6423_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00132-024-04502-w","volume":"53","author":"CJ Deglmann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Deglmann CJ (2024) Osteoarthritis of the wrist. Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00132-024-04502-w","journal-title":"Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany)"},{"key":"6423_CR5","unstructured":"Zi (2025) ZfdkViD. Bundesweite pseudonymisierte, krankenkassen\u00fcbergreifende vertrags\u00e4rztliche Abrechnungsdaten gem\u00e4\u00df \u00a7 295 SGB V der Jahre 2018 bis 2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"6423_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322011000100010","volume":"66","author":"EN Bisneto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bisneto EN, Freitas MC, Paula EJ, Mattar R Jr., Zumiotti AV (2011) Comparison between proximal row carpectomy and four-corner fusion for treating osteoarthrosis following carpal trauma: a prospective randomized study. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 66(1):51\u20135","journal-title":"Clinics (Sao Paulo)"},{"issue":"3","key":"6423_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hansur.2023.03.006","volume":"42","author":"P Reyniers","year":"2023","unstructured":"Reyniers P, van Beek N, De Schrijver F, Goeminne S (2023) Proximal row carpectomy versus four-corner arthrodesis in the treatment of SLAC and SNAC wrist: meta-analysis and literature review. Hand Surg Rehabil 42(3):194\u2013202","journal-title":"Hand Surg Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"6423_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.09.076","volume":"75","author":"AR Ahmadi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahmadi AR, Duraku LS, van der Oest MJW, Hundepool CA, Selles RW, Zuidam JM (2022) The never-ending battle between proximal row carpectomy and four corner arthrodesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis for the final verdict. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 75(2):711\u201321","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"6423_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193414554359","volume":"40","author":"BM Saltzman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saltzman BM, Frank JM, Slikker W, Fernandez JJ, Cohen MS, Wysocki RW (2015) Clinical outcomes of proximal row carpectomy versus four-corner arthrodesis for post-traumatic wrist arthropathy: a systematic review. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 40(5):450\u2013457","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"7","key":"6423_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2022.103373","volume":"108","author":"PE Chammas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chammas PE, Hadouiri N, Chammas M, Ramos-Pascual S, Stirling P, Nover L et al (2022) Proximal row carpectomy generates better mid- to long-term outcomes than four-corner arthrodesis for post-traumatic wrist arthritis: a meta-analysis. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 108(7):103373","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"6423_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbo.2016.01.002","volume":"51","author":"MA Aita","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aita MA, Nakano EK, Schaffhausser HL, Fukushima WY, Fujiki EN (2016) Randomized clinical trial between proximal row carpectomy and the four-corner fusion for patients with stage II SNAC. Rev Bras Ortop 51(5):574\u2013582","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ortop"},{"issue":"46","key":"6423_CR12","first-page":"783","volume":"117","author":"S L\u00f6w","year":"2020","unstructured":"L\u00f6w S, Papay M, Spies CK, Unglaub F, Eingartner C (2020) The Requirement for Closed Reduction of Dorsally Displaced Unstable Distal Radius Fractures Before Operative Treatment. Dtsch Arztebl Int 117(46):783\u2013789","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"6423_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.01.011","volume":"49","author":"KM Hones","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hones KM, Hao KA, Rakauskas TR, Densley S, Hampton H, Kim J et al (2024) Four-Corner Fusion Versus Proximal Row Carpectomy for Scapholunate Advanced Collapse and Scaphoid Nonunion Advanced Collapse Wrist: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Hand Surg Am 49(7):633\u2013638","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"6423_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(84)80223-3","volume":"9","author":"HK Watson","year":"1984","unstructured":"Watson HK, Ballet FL (1984) The SLAC wrist: scapholunate advanced collapse pattern of degenerative arthritis. J Hand Surg Am 9(3):358\u2013365","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"6423_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1384750","volume":"3","author":"GD Shifflett","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shifflett GD, Athanasian EA, Lee SK, Weiland AJ, Wolfe SW (2014) Proximal migration of hardware in patients undergoing midcarpal fusion with headless compression screws. J Wrist Surg 3(4):250\u2013261","journal-title":"J Wrist Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"6423_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hansur.2022.12.006","volume":"42","author":"L Athlani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Athlani L, Cholley-Roulleau M, Blum A, Teixeira PAG, Dap F (2023) Intercarpal arthrodesis: a systematic review. Hand Surg Rehabil 42(2):93\u2013102","journal-title":"Hand Surg Rehabil"},{"key":"6423_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00113-017-0356-8","volume":"120","author":"FL Unglaub","year":"2017","unstructured":"Unglaub FL, Unglaub MF, Sauerbier JM, M\u00fcller M, Kimmer LP, Hahn H, Spies P (2017) Partial fusion of the wrist: Indications and surgical procedures. Unfallchirurg 120:513\u2013526","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"issue":"7","key":"6423_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","volume":"6","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med 6(7):e1000097","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"6423_CR19","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2020","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD et al (2020) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372:n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"6423_CR20","unstructured":"OLoEW G. The Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence. (2011)"},{"issue":"6","key":"6423_CR21","first-page":"551","volume":"7","author":"M Farhadian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Farhadian M, Morovati Z, Shamsoddini A (2019) Effect of Kinesio Taping on Pain, Range of Motion, Hand Strength, and Functional Abilities in Patients with Hand Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial. Arch Bone Jt Surg 7(6):551\u2013560","journal-title":"Arch Bone Jt Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"6423_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1177\/17531934241296758","volume":"50","author":"C Jump","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jump C, Trail IA, Talwalkar S (2025) Arthrodesis or arthroplasty, complete or partial: where are we at in the 21st century? J Hand Surg Eur Vol 50(1):137\u2013144","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"16","key":"6423_CR23","first-page":"269","volume":"115","author":"CK Spies","year":"2018","unstructured":"Spies CK, Langer M, Hahn P, M\u00fcller LP, Unglaub F (2018) The Treatment of Primary Arthritis of the Finger and Thumb Joint. Dtsch Arztebl Int 115(16):269\u2013275","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"6423_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2011.03.007","volume":"97","author":"J Laulan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Laulan J, Bacle G, de Bodman C, Najihi N, Richou J, Simon E et al (2011) The arthritic wrist. Part II\u2013the degenerative wrist: indications for different surgical treatments. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 97(4 Suppl):S37-41","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"6423_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/s00064-016-0440-1","volume":"28","author":"CK Spies","year":"2016","unstructured":"Spies CK, Hohendorff B, M\u00fcller LP, Neiss WF, Hahn P, Unglaub F (2016) Proximal carpal row carpectomy. Oper Orthop Traumatol 28(3):204\u2013217","journal-title":"Oper Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6423_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1254117","volume":"42","author":"MF Langer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Langer MF, Wiesk\u00f6tter B, Vordemvenne T, Surke C (2010) Osteochondral reconstruction of the lunate fossa in proximal row carpectomy for Kienb\u00f6ck\u2019s disease early stage IV. Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir 42(3):212\u2013215","journal-title":"Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir"},{"issue":"4","key":"6423_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1142\/S2424835521500600","volume":"26","author":"R De Vitis","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Vitis R, Passiatore M, Cilli V, Pamelin E, Velluto C, Ceravolo I et al (2021) Secondary wrist arthritis in active workers: does capitate pyrocarbon resurfacing (RCPI) improve proximal row carpectomy? A retrospective cohort study. J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol 26(4):625\u201334","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6423_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1177\/15589447241298721","volume":"21","author":"A Adenikinju","year":"2026","unstructured":"Adenikinju A, Wu KY, Karim K, Carlsen B, Kakar S (2026) Outcomes of Proximal Row Carpectomy With Interposition Arthroplasty for Advanced Wrist Arthritis. Hand (N Y) 21(2):271\u2013276","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"issue":"2","key":"6423_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/s00064-011-0020-3","volume":"23","author":"R Friedel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Friedel R, Lenz M, D\u00f6nicke T, Hofmann G (2011) Midcarpal fusion with the spider plate. Oper Orthop Traumatol 23(2):98\u2013104","journal-title":"Oper Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6423_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1054\/jhsb.2000.0434","volume":"25","author":"M Sauerbier","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sauerbier M, Tr\u00e4nkle M, Linsner G, Bickert B, Germann G (2000) Midcarpal arthrodesis with complete scaphoid excision and interposition bone graft in the treatment of advanced carpal collapse (SNAC\/SLAC wrist): operative technique and outcome assessment. J Hand Surg Br 25(4):341\u20135","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"issue":"6","key":"6423_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000002398","volume":"85","author":"KM Amer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amer KM, Thomson JE, Vosbikian MM, Ahmed I (2020) Four-Corner Arthrodesis Versus Proximal Row Carpectomy for Scapholunate Advanced Collapse: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis. Ann Plast Surg 85(6):699\u2013703","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"6423_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/00130911-200103000-00004","volume":"5","author":"A Wilhelm","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wilhelm A (2001) Denervation of the wrist. Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg 5(1):14\u201330","journal-title":"Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"6423_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-924408","volume":"38","author":"M Rothe","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rothe M, Rudolf KD, Partecke BD (2006) Long-term results following denervation of the wrist in patients with stages II and III SLAC-\/SNAC-wrist. Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir 38(4):261\u2013266","journal-title":"Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir"},{"issue":"4","key":"6423_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2005.08.001","volume":"21","author":"R Wollstein","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wollstein R, Watson HK (2005) Scaphotrapeziotrapezoid arthrodesis for arthritis. Hand Clin 21(4):539\u2013543 vi","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"6423_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(05)80181-9","volume":"22","author":"CF Larsen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Larsen CF, Jacoby RA, McCabe SJ (1997) Nonunion rates of limited carpal arthrodesis: a meta-analysis of the literature. J Hand Surg Am 22(1):66\u201373","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"6423_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.09.029","volume":"47","author":"AR Stephens","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stephens AR, Garcia BN, Rogers MJ, Zhang C, Himbert C, McFarland MM et al (2022) Scaphotrapeziotrapezoid Arthrodesis: Systematic Review. J Hand Surg Am 47(3):218\u201327e2","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"6423_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(10)80121-2","volume":"16","author":"SM Pisano","year":"1991","unstructured":"Pisano SM, Peimer CA, Wheeler DR, Sherwin F (1991) Scaphocapitate intercarpal arthrodesis. J Hand Surg Am 16(2):328\u2013333","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"10","key":"6423_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000006205","volume":"12","author":"P Deptula","year":"2024","unstructured":"Deptula P, McCullough M, Brown T, Singh D, Kuschner S, Kulber D (2024) Scaphocapitate arthrodesis for wrist deformities: a systematic review. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 12(10):e6205","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"6423_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-024-03934-6","volume":"34","author":"Y Safoury","year":"2024","unstructured":"Safoury Y, Afifi A, Farghaly A, Khalid O (2024) Outcomes after radioscapholunate arthrodesis for intra-articular malunion of distal radius fractures. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 34(5):2493\u20132500","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6423_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1202841","volume":"41","author":"M M\u00fchldorfer","year":"2009","unstructured":"M\u00fchldorfer M, Hohendorff B, Prommersberger KJ, van Schoonhoven J (2009) Medium-term results after radioscapholunate fusion for post-traumatic osteoarthritis of the wrist. Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir 41(3):148\u2013155","journal-title":"Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir"},{"issue":"2","key":"6423_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2020.12.003","volume":"3","author":"OP Fakunle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fakunle OP, DeMaio EL, Spencer CC, Kumar AD, Gottschalk MB, Wagner ER (2021) A Systematic Review of Radiolunate and Radioscapholunate Arthrodesis. J Hand Surg Glob Online 3(2):81\u201387","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Glob Online"},{"issue":"1","key":"6423_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1177\/17531934241295343","volume":"50","author":"G Chick","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chick G (2025) Total wrist arthrodesis in patients with advanced osteoarthritis: current implants and outcomes. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 50(1):50\u201357","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"10","key":"6423_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6469","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-023-04938-3","volume":"143","author":"C Knie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Knie C, van Schoonhoven J (2023) Long-term results after total wrist fusion. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 143(10):6469\u20136475","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"6423_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1177\/15589447221141474","volume":"19","author":"J Briotti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Briotti J, Wilson S, Goh G, Lawson-Smith M (2024) Wrist Arthrodesis Using the Medartis Carpometacarpal Joint Sparing Plate. Hand (N Y) 19(4):607\u2013613","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"issue":"1","key":"6423_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1177\/17531934241276383","volume":"50","author":"O Reigstad","year":"2025","unstructured":"Reigstad O (2025) Total wrist arthroplasty: recent advances and current recommendations. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 50(1):34\u201341","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6423_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1177\/17531934231203297","volume":"49","author":"MEH Boeckstyns","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boeckstyns MEH, Herzberg G (2024) Complications after total wrist arthroplasty. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 49(2):177\u2013187","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6423_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-025-05783-2","volume":"145","author":"A Elshahhat","year":"2025","unstructured":"Elshahhat A, Nour K, Abed Y (2025) Scaphocapitate fusion in stage III Kienb\u00f6ck\u2019s disease: effects of lunarectomy on postoperative pain and function. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 145(1):174","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"6423_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-020-03369-8","volume":"140","author":"T Keuchel-Strobl","year":"2020","unstructured":"Keuchel-Strobl T, Quadlbauer S, Jurkowitsch J, Rosenauer R, Hausner T, Leixnering M et al (2020) Salvage procedure after malunited distal radius fractures and management of pain and stiffness. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 140(5):697\u2013705","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"6423_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2017.05.031","volume":"42","author":"S Quadlbauer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Quadlbauer S, Leixnering M, Jurkowitsch J, Hausner T, Pezzei C (2017) Volar Radioscapholunate Arthrodesis and Distal Scaphoidectomy After Malunited Distal Radius Fractures. J Hand Surg Am 42(9):754.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"6423_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s00064-020-00651-1","volume":"32","author":"S Quadlbauer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Quadlbauer S, Leixnering M, Rosenauer R, Jurkowitsch J, Hausner T, Pezzei C (2020) [Palmar radioscapholunate arthrodesis with distal scaphoidectomy]. Oper Orthop Traumatol 32(5):455\u2013466","journal-title":"Oper Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6423_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-9053(83)80073-8","volume":"2","author":"A Chamay","year":"1983","unstructured":"Chamay A, Della Santa D, Vilaseca A (1983) Radiolunate arthrodesis. Factor of stability for the rheumatoid wrist. Ann Chir Main 2(1):5\u201317","journal-title":"Ann Chir Main"},{"issue":"9","key":"6423_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-201209000-00004","volume":"20","author":"SW Wolfe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wolfe SW, Garcia-Elias M, Kitay A (2012) Carpal instability nondissociative. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 20(9):575\u2013585","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"6423_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1007\/s00064-009-1905-2","volume":"21","author":"K Kalb","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kalb K, Prommersberger KJ (2009) Total wrist fusion using the AO wrist fusion plate. Oper Orthop Traumatol 21(4\u20135):498\u2013509","journal-title":"Oper Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6423_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944717735939","volume":"14","author":"MJ Berkhout","year":"2019","unstructured":"Berkhout MJ, Bachour Y, Wessing D, Ritt M (2019) Distal Pole Resection of the Scaphoid for the Treatment of Scaphotrapeziotrapezoid Osteoarthritis. Hand (N Y) 14(2):230\u2013235","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"issue":"1","key":"6423_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218810417300017","volume":"22","author":"VM Deans","year":"2017","unstructured":"Deans VM, Naqui Z, Muir LT (2017) Scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal joint osteoarthritis: a systematic review of surgical treatment. J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol 22(1):1\u20139","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6423_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944720966717","volume":"17","author":"A Kadar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kadar A, Grewal R, Padmore CE, Fan S, Langohr DG, Suh N (2022) How Much Scaphoid Can be Safely Resected? A Biomechanical Analysis of the Effects of Distal Scaphoid Resection. Hand (N Y) 17(5):885\u2013892","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"issue":"3","key":"6423_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.12.016","volume":"36","author":"M Garcia-Elias","year":"2011","unstructured":"Garcia-Elias M (2011) Excisional arthroplasty for scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal osteoarthritis. J Hand Surg Am 36(3):516\u2013520","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"6423_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.4055\/cios22066","volume":"15","author":"WT Oh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oh WT, Park HJ, Koh IH, Choi YR (2023) Outcomes of Arthroscopic Scaphoid Excision and Lunocapitate Fusion for Advanced Traumatic Arthritis of the Wrist. Clin Orthop Surg 15(2):308\u2013317","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Surg"},{"key":"6423_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-026-06350-z","author":"M Altissimi","year":"2026","unstructured":"Altissimi M, Pataia E, Saracco M, Braghiroli L (2026) Isolated scaphoidectomy for type II SLAC and SNAC wrists: retrospective case-series at long-term follow-up. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-026-06350-z","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"3 Pt 2","key":"6423_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S82","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(95)80175-8","volume":"20","author":"GA Brunelli","year":"1995","unstructured":"Brunelli GA, Brunelli GR (1995) A new technique to correct carpal instability with scaphoid rotary subluxation: a preliminary report. J Hand Surg Am 20(3 Pt 2):S82\u2013S85","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"6423_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-025-06005-5","volume":"145","author":"L Mandl","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mandl L, Gruber A, Horch RE, Demir R (2025) Total wrist arthroplasty revisited: survival, function, and patient-reported outcomes of BIAX and universal II prostheses over 15 years. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 145(1):389","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"6423_CR62","unstructured":"Arnold I (2017) Die Endoprothetik des Handgelenks \u2013 ein positiver Ausblick. OUP \u2013 Orthop\u00e4dische und Unfallchirurgische Praxis (OUP)"},{"issue":"7","key":"6423_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.12.035","volume":"40","author":"MJ Berkhout","year":"2015","unstructured":"Berkhout MJ, Bachour Y, Zheng KH, Mullender MG, Strackee SD, Ritt MJ (2015) Four-Corner Arthrodesis Versus Proximal Row Carpectomy: A Retrospective Study With a Mean Follow-Up of 17 Years. J Hand Surg Am 40(7):1349\u20131354","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"6423_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1632221","volume":"38","author":"S Kr\u00f6ger","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kr\u00f6ger S, Sawula JA, Klutmann S, Brenner W, Bohuslavizki KH, Henze E et al (1999) Efficacy of radiation synovectomy in degenerative inflammatory and chronic inflammatory joint diseases. Nuklearmedizin 38(7):279\u2013284","journal-title":"Nuklearmedizin"}],"container-title":["Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00402-026-06423-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00402-026-06423-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00402-026-06423-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T08:03:24Z","timestamp":1786435404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00402-026-06423-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6423"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-026-06423-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-3916"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1434-3916","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"296"}}