{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T22:55:26Z","timestamp":1791845726591,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,9]],"date-time":"2008-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1218240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dermatol Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-008-0879-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,8]],"date-time":"2008-08-08T12:50:16Z","timestamp":1218199816000},"page":"397-413","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["The sebocyte culture: a model to study the pathophysiology of the sebaceous gland in sebostasis, seborrhoea and acne"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"300","author":[{"given":"Christos C.","family":"Zouboulis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silke","family":"Schagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodosios","family":"Alestas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"879_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07277.x","volume":"155","author":"M Adly","year":"2006","unstructured":"Adly M, Assaf H, Hussein M, Neuber K (2006) Age-associated decrease of CD1d protein production in normal human skin. Br J Dermatol 155:186\u2013191","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12472325","volume":"100","author":"H Akamatsu","year":"1993","unstructured":"Akamatsu H, Zouboulis CC, Orfanos C (1993) Spironolactone directly inhibits proliferation of cultured human facial sebocytes and acts antagonistically to testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone in vitro. J Invest Dermatol 100:660\u2013662","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1159\/000051828","volume":"204","author":"N Akimoto","year":"2002","unstructured":"Akimoto N, Sato T, Sakiguchi T, Kitamura K, Kohno Y, Ito A (2002) Cell proliferation and lipid formation in hamster sebaceous gland cells. Dermatology 204:118\u2013123","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"879_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23718.x","volume":"124","author":"N Akimoto","year":"2005","unstructured":"Akimoto N, Sato T, Iwata C, Koshizuka M, Shibata F, Nagai A, Sumida M, Ito A (2005) Expression of perilipin A on the surface of lipid droplets increases along with the differentiation of hamster sebocytes in vivo and in vitro. J Invest Dermatol 124:1127\u20131133","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-005-0715-8","volume":"84","author":"T Alestas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Alestas T, Ganceviciene R, Fimmel S, M\u00fcller-Decker K, Zouboulis CC (2006) Enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of leukotriene B4 and prostaglandin E2 are active in sebaceous glands. J Mol Med 84:75\u201387","journal-title":"J Mol Med"},{"key":"879_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63574-2","volume":"163","author":"M Allen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Allen M, Grachtchouk M, Sheng H, Grachtchouk V, Wang A, Wei L, Liu J, Ramirez A, Metzger D, Chambon P, Jorcano J, Dlugosz A (2003) Hedgehog signaling regulates sebaceous gland development. Am J Pathol 163:2173\u20132178","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"879_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.1995.tb00057.x","volume":"4","author":"K Boehm","year":"1995","unstructured":"Boehm K, Yun J, Strohl K, Elmets C (1995) Messenger RNAs for the multifunctional cytokines interleukin-1\u03b1, interleukin-1\u03b2 and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 are present in adnexal tissues and in dermis of normal human skin. Exp Dermatol 4:335\u2013341","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01704.x","volume":"118","author":"M B\u00f6hm","year":"2002","unstructured":"B\u00f6hm M, Schiller M, St\u00e4nder S, Seltmann H, Li Z, Brzoska T, Metze D, Schioth H, Skottner A, Seiffert K, Zouboulis CC, Luger T (2002) Evidence for expression of melanocortin-1 receptor in human sebocytes in vitro and in situ. J Invest Dermatol 118:533\u2013539","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR9","first-page":"A10","volume":"123","author":"M B\u00f6hm","year":"2004","unstructured":"B\u00f6hm M, Li Z, Ottaviani M, Picardo M, Zouboulis CC, St\u00e4nder S, Luger T (2004) Beta-endorphin modulates lipogenesis in human sebocytes. J Invest Dermatol 123:A10","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5241","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.00703","volume":"130","author":"K Braun","year":"2003","unstructured":"Braun K, Niemann C, Jensen U, Sundberg J, Silva-Vargas V, Watt F (2003) Manipulation of stem cell proliferation and lineage commitment: visualisation of label-retaining cells in wholemounts of mouse epidermis. Development 130:5241\u20135255","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"5684","key":"879_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1100330","volume":"305","author":"H Bruggemann","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bruggemann H, Henne A, Hoster F, Liesegang H, Wiezer A, Strittmatter A, Hujer S, Durre P, Gottschalk G (2004) The complete genome sequence of Propionibacterium acnes, a commensal of human skin. Science 305(5684):671\u2013673","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"879_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00080.x","volume":"110","author":"W Chen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chen W, Zouboulis CC, Fritsch M, Blume-Peytavi U, Kodelja V, Goerdt S, Luu-The V, Orfanos CE (1998) Evidence of heterogeneity and quantitative differences of the type 1 5\u03b1-reductase expression in cultured human skin cellsEvidence of its presence in melanocytes. J Invest Dermatol 110:84\u201389","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12411.x","volume":"121","author":"W Chen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chen W, Yang C, Sheu H, Seltmann H, Zouboulis CC (2003) Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and CCAAT\/enhancer binding protein transcription factors in cultured human sebocytes. J Invest Dermatol 121:441\u2013447","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1159\/000095055","volume":"213","author":"W Chen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chen W, Liao C, Hung C, Lin T, Sheu H, Zouboulis CC (2006) Potent corticosteroids inhibit lipogenesis in sebaceous glands. Dermatology 213:264\u2013265","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"879_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.25.77","volume":"25","author":"K Chiba","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chiba K, Yoshizawa K, Makino I, Kawakami K, Onoue M (2000) Comedogenicity of squalene monohydroperoxide in the skin after topical application. J Toxicol Sci 25:77\u201383","journal-title":"J Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"879_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4089","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.9.6957","volume":"140","author":"D Deplewski","year":"1999","unstructured":"Deplewski D, Rosenfield R (1999) Growth hormone and insulin like growth factors have different effects on sebaceous cell growth and differentiation. Endocrinology 140:4089\u20134094","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"879_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-004-1335-y","volume":"39","author":"N Di-Poi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Di-Poi N, Michalik L, Desvergne B, Wahli W (2004) Functions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) in skin homeostasis. Lipids 39:1093\u20131099","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"879_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dobrosi N, T\u00f3th B, Nagy G, D\u00f3zsa A, G\u00e9czy T, Nagy L, Seltmann H, Zouboulis CC, Kunos G, Paus R, B\u00edr\u00f3 T (2008) Endocannabinoids enhance lipid synthesis in human sebocytes via cannabinoid receptor-2-mediated signaling. FASEB J in press","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-104877"},{"key":"879_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12465246","volume":"96","author":"T Doran","year":"1881","unstructured":"Doran T, Baff R, Jacobs P, Pacia E (1881) Characterization of human sebaceous cells in vitro. J Invest Dermatol 96:341\u2013348","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2004.06171.x","volume":"151","author":"M Downie","year":"2004","unstructured":"Downie M, Sanders D, Maier L, Stock D, Kealey T (2004) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and farnesoid X receptor ligands differentially regulate sebaceous differentiation in human sebaceous gland organ cultures in vitro. Br J Dermatol 151:766\u2013775","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(86)70025-X","volume":"14","author":"D Downing","year":"1986","unstructured":"Downing D, Stewart M, Wertz P, Strauss J (1986) Essential fatty acids and acne. J Am Acad Dermatol 14:221\u2013225","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09337.x","volume":"191","author":"M Farrar","year":"2000","unstructured":"Farrar M, Ingham E, Holland K (2000) Heat shock proteins and inflammatory acne vulgaris: molecular cloning, overexpression and purification of a propionibacterium acnes GroEL and DnaK homologue. FEMS Microbiol Lett 191:183\u2013186","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"879_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-961815","volume":"39","author":"S Fimmel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fimmel S, Saborowski A, T\u00e9rouanne B, Sultan C, Zouboulis C (2007) Inhibition of the androgen receptor by antisense oligonucleotides regulates the biological activity of androgens in SZ95 sebocytes. Horm Metab Res 39:149\u2013156","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"879_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2001.01312.x","volume":"116","author":"M Fritsch","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fritsch M, Orfanos C, Zouboulis CC (2001) Sebocytes are the key regulators of androgen homeostasis in human skin. J Invest Dermatol 116:793\u2013800","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(01)00022-3","volume":"1","author":"E Fuchs","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fuchs E, Merrill B, Jamora C, DasGupta R (2001) At the roots of a never-ending cycle. Dev Cell 1:13\u201325","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"879_CR26","first-page":"83","volume":"13","author":"R Ganceviciene","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ganceviciene R, Marciukaitiene I, Graziene V, Rimkevicius A, Zouboulis CC (2006) New accents in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Acta Medica Lituanica 13:83\u201387","journal-title":"Acta Medica Lituanica"},{"key":"879_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2007.00565.x","volume":"16","author":"R Ganceviciene","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ganceviciene R, Graziene V, B\u00f6hm M, Zouboulis C (2007) Increased in situ expression of melanocortin-1 receptor in sebaceous glands of lesional skin of patients with acne vulgaris. Exp Dermatol 16:547\u2013552","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12123.x","volume":"120","author":"L Ge","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ge L, Gordon J, Hsuan C, Stenn K, Prouty S (2003) Identification of the delta-6 desaturase of human sebaceous glands: expression and enzyme activity. J Invest Dermatol 120:707\u2013714","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1159\/000246581","volume":"191","author":"J Geiger","year":"1995","unstructured":"Geiger J (1995) Retinoids and sebaceous gland activity. Dermatology 191:305\u2013310","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"879_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4512","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.8.4512-4521.2005","volume":"73","author":"P Georgel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Georgel P, Crozat K, Lauth X, Makrantonaki E, Seltmann H, Sovath S, Hoebe K, Du X, Rutschmann S, Jiang Z, Bigby T, Nizet V, Zouboulis CC, Beutler B (2005) A toll-like receptor 2-responsive lipid effector pathway protects mammals against skin infections with gram-positive bacteria. Infect Immun 73:4512\u20134521","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"879_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2004.05762.x","volume":"150","author":"G Graham","year":"2004","unstructured":"Graham G, Farrar M, Cruse-Sawyer J, Holland K, Ingham E (2004) Proinflammatory cytokine production by human keratinocytes stimulated with Propionibacterium acnes and P. acnes GroEL. Br J Dermatol 150:421\u2013428","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(95)00136-0","volume":"333","author":"S Green","year":"1995","unstructured":"Green S (1995) PPAR: a mediator of peroxisome proliferator action. Mutat Res 333:101\u2013109","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"879_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.100.3.965","volume":"100","author":"P Greenspan","year":"1985","unstructured":"Greenspan P, Mayer E, Fowler S (1985) Nile red: a selective fluorescent stain for intracellular lipid droplets. J Cell Biol 100:965\u2013973","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"879_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12329907","volume":"106","author":"R Guy","year":"1996","unstructured":"Guy R, Green M, Kealey T (1996) Modeling acne in vitro. J Invest Dermatol 106:176\u2013182","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12343608","volume":"106","author":"R Guy","year":"1996","unstructured":"Guy R, Ridden C, Kealey T (1996) The improved organ maintenance of the human sebaceous gland: modeling in vitro the effects of epidermal growth factor, androgens, estrogens, 13-cis retinoic acid, and phenol red. J Invest Dermatol 106:454\u2013460","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700743","volume":"127","author":"WJ Harrison","year":"2007","unstructured":"Harrison WJ, Bull JJ, Seltmann H, Zouboulis CC, Philpott MP (2007) Expression of lipogenic factors galectin-12, resistin, SREBP-1 and SCD in human sebaceous glands and cultured sebocytes. J Invest Dermatol 127:1309\u20131317","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5701134","volume":"128","author":"I Hong","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hong I, Lee M, Na T, Zouboulis CC, Lee M (2008) LXR\u03b1 enhances lipid synthesis in SZ95 sebocytes. J Invest Dermatol 128:1266\u20131272","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1159\/000018004","volume":"197","author":"A Ito","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ito A, Sakiguchi T, Kitamura K, Akamatsu H, Horio T (1998) Establishment of a tissue culture system for hamster sebaceous gland cells. Dermatology 197:238\u2013244","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"879_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23866.x","volume":"125","author":"C Iwata","year":"2005","unstructured":"Iwata C, Akimoto N, Sato T, Morokuma Y, Ito A (2005) Augmentation of lipogenesis by 15-deoxy-Delta12, 14-prostaglandin J2 in hamster sebaceous glands: identification of cytochrome P\u2013450-mediated 15-deoxy-Delta12, 14-prostaglandin J2 production. J Invest Dermatol 125:865\u2013872","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12321.x","volume":"121","author":"A Jeremy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jeremy A, Holland D, Roberts SG, Thomson K, Cunliffe W (2003) Inflammatory events are involved in acne lesion initiation. J Invest Dermatol 121:20\u201327","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62479-0","volume":"166","author":"S Kang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kang S, Cho S, Chung J, Hammerberg C, Fisher G, Voorhees JJ (2005) Inflammation and extracellular matrix degradation mediated by activated transcription factors nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein-1 in inflammatory acne lesions in vivo. Am J Pathol 166:1691\u20131699","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"879_CR42","first-page":"263A","volume":"30","author":"M Karasek","year":"1982","unstructured":"Karasek M, Charlton M (1982) In vitro growth and serial cultivation of normal sebaceous gland cells. Clin Res 30:263A","journal-title":"Clin Res"},{"key":"879_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1986.tb02796.x","volume":"114","author":"T Kealey","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kealey T, Lee C, Thody A, Coaker T (1996) The isolation of human sebaceous glands and apocrine sweat glands by shearing. Br J Dermatol 114:181\u2013188","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1966.01600230114028","volume":"93","author":"R Kellum","year":"1966","unstructured":"Kellum R (1966) Isolation of human sebaceous glands. Arch Dermatol 93:610\u2013612","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1159\/000087011","volume":"211","author":"J Kim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kim J (2005) Review of the innate immune response in acne vulgaris: activation of Toll-like receptor 2 in acne triggers inflammatory cytokine responses. Dermatology 211:193\u2013198","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"879_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1006\/mgme.2001.3242","volume":"74","author":"M Kim","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kim M, Deplewski D, Ciletti N, Michel S, Reichert U, Rosenfield R (2001) Limited cooperation between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and retinoid X receptor agonists in sebocyte growth and development. Mol Genet Metab 74:362\u2013369","journal-title":"Mol Genet Metab"},{"key":"879_CR47","first-page":"44","volume":"13","author":"T Knor","year":"2005","unstructured":"Knor T (2005) The pathogenesis of acne. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 13:44\u201349","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol Croat"},{"key":"879_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1159\/000068476","volume":"206","author":"A Koreck","year":"2003","unstructured":"Koreck A, Pivarcsi A, Dobozy A, Kemeny L (2003) The role of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of acne. Dermatology 206:96\u2013105","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"879_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-961811","volume":"39","author":"K Krause","year":"2007","unstructured":"Krause K, Schnitger A, Fimmel S, Glass E, Zouboulis CC (2007) Corticotropin-releasing hormone skin signalling is receptor-mediated and is predominant in the sebaceous glands. Horm Metab Res 39:166\u2013170","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"879_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5701235","volume":"128","author":"D-Y Lee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lee D-Y, Yamasaki K, Rudsil J, Zouboulis CC, Park GT, Yang J-M, Gallo RL (2008) Sebocytes express functional cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides and can act to kill Propionibacterium acnes. J Invest Dermatol 128:1863\u20131866","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-008-0854-1","volume":"300","author":"WJ Lee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lee WJ, Jung HD, Lee HJ, Kim BS, Lee SJ, Kim DW (2008) Influence of substance-P on cultured sebocytes. Arch Dermatol Res 300:311\u2013316","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"879_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2007-0651","volume":"26","author":"C Lo Celso","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lo Celso C, Berta M, Braun K, Frye M, Lyle S, Zouboulis CC, Watt F (2008) Characterisation of bipotential epidermal progenitors derived from human sebaceous gland: contrasting roles of c-Myc and \u03b2-catenin. Stem Cells 26:1241\u20131252","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"879_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07671.x","volume":"156","author":"E Makrantonaki","year":"2007","unstructured":"Makrantonaki E, Zouboulis CC (2007) Testosterone metabolism to 5\u03b1-dihydrotestosterone and synthesis of sebaceous lipids is regulated by the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor ligand linoleic acid in human sebocytes. Br J Dermatol 156:428\u2013432","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2007.07.002","volume":"42","author":"E Makrantonaki","year":"2007","unstructured":"Makrantonaki E, Zouboulis CC (2007) The skin as a mirror of the aging process in the human organism - State of the art and results of the aging research in the German National Genome Research Network 2 (NGFN-2). Exp Gerontol 42:879\u2013886","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"879_CR55","first-page":"67","volume":"294","author":"E Makrantonaki","year":"2002","unstructured":"Makrantonaki E, Fimmel S, Seltmann H, Zouboulis CC (2002) Expression of hormone receptors in human skin cells (abstract). Arch Dermatol Res 294:67","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"879_CR56","first-page":"544","volume":"2","author":"E Makrantonaki","year":"2004","unstructured":"Makrantonaki E, Oeff M, Fimmel S, Seltmann H, Orfanos CE, Zouboulis CC (2004) Estrogen activity on human skin involves interaction with the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) signalling pathway. J Dtsch Dermatol Gesellsch 2:544","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Gesellsch"},{"key":"879_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2006.00223.x","volume":"5","author":"E Makrantonaki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Makrantonaki E, Adjaye J, Herwig R, Brink T, Groth D, Hultschig C, Lehrach H, Zouboulis CC (2006) Age-specific hormonal decline is accompanied by transcriptional changes in human sebocytes in vitro. Aging Cell 5:331\u2013344","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"879_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.891401","volume":"15","author":"B Merrill","year":"2001","unstructured":"Merrill B, Gat U, DasGupta R, Fuchs E (2001) Tcf3 and Lef1 regulate lineage differentiation of multipotent stem cells in skin. Genes Dev 15:1688\u20131705","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"879_CR59","first-page":"8","volume":"60","author":"U M\u00fcnster","year":"2005","unstructured":"M\u00fcnster U, Nakamura C, Haberland A, Jores K, Mehnert W, Rummel S, Schaller M, Korting H-C, Zouboulis CC, Blume-Peytavi U, Sch\u00e4fer-Korting M (2005) RU 58841-myristate\u2014a prodrug for topical treatment of acne and androgenetic alopecia. Pharmazie 60:8\u201312","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"879_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2593","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-1478","volume":"146","author":"A Nagai","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nagai A, Sato T, Akimoto N, Ito A, Sumida M (2005) Isolation and identification of histone H3 protein enriched in microvesicles secreted from cultured sebocytes. Endocrinology 146:2593\u20132601","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"879_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2006.04.001","volume":"8","author":"I Nagy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nagy I, Pivarcsi A, Kis K, Koreck A, Bodai L, McDowell A, Seltmann H, Patrick S, Zouboulis CC, Kemeny L (2006) Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide induce the expression of antimicrobial peptides and proinflammatory cytokines\/chemokines in human sebocytes. Microbes Infect 8:2195\u20132205","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"879_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700289","volume":"126","author":"A Nelson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nelson A, Gilliland K, Cong Z, Thiboutot D (2006) 13-cis Retinoic acid induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human SEB-1 sebocytes. J Invest Dermatol 126:2178\u20132189","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI33869","volume":"118","author":"A Nelson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nelson A, Zhao W, Gilliland K, Zaenglein A, Liu W, Thiboutot D (2008) Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin mediates 13-cis retinoic acid-induced apoptosis of human sebaceous gland cells. J Clin Invest 118:1468\u20131478","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4158","key":"879_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1126\/science.186.4158.19","volume":"186","author":"N Nicolaides","year":"1974","unstructured":"Nicolaides N (1974) Skin lipids: their biochemical uniqueness. Science 186(4158):19\u201326","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"879_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(02)02263-8","volume":"12","author":"C Niemann","year":"2002","unstructured":"Niemann C, Watt F (2002) Designer skin: lineage commitment in postnatal epidermis. Trends Cell Biol 12:185\u2013192","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"key":"879_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.129.1.95","volume":"129","author":"C Niemann","year":"2002","unstructured":"Niemann C, Owens D, Hulsken J, Birchmeier W, Watt F (2002) Expression of DeltaNLef1 in mouse epidermis results in differentiation of hair follicles into squamous epidermal cysts and formation of skin tumours. Development 129:95\u2013109","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"879_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11873","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1834202100","volume":"30","author":"C Niemann","year":"2003","unstructured":"Niemann C, Unden A, Lyle S, Zouboulis CC, Toftgard R, Watt F (2003) Indian hedgehog and beta-catenin signaling: role in the sebaceous lineage of normal and neoplastic mammalian epidermis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 30(Suppl 1):11873\u201311880","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"879_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1159\/000095056","volume":"213","author":"M Oeff","year":"2007","unstructured":"Oeff M, Seltmann H, Hiroi N, Nastos A, Makrantonaki E, Bornstein SR, Zouboulis CC (2007) Differential regulation of Toll-like receptor and CD14 pathways by retinoids and corticosteroids in human sebocytes. Dermatology 213:266","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"879_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1159\/000017848","volume":"196","author":"CE Orfanos","year":"1998","unstructured":"Orfanos CE, Zouboulis CC (1998) Oral retinoids in the treatment of seborrhoea and acne. Dermatology 196:140\u2013147","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"879_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2430","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700434","volume":"126","author":"M Ottaviani","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ottaviani M, Alestas T, Flori E, Mastrofrancesco A, Zouboulis CC, Picardo M (2006) Peroxidated squalene induces the production of inflammatory mediators in HaCaT keratinocytes: A possible role in acne vulgaris. J Invest Dermatol 126:2430\u20132437","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23848.x","volume":"125","author":"E Papakonstantinou","year":"2005","unstructured":"Papakonstantinou E, Aletras A, Glass E, Tsogas P, Dionyssopoulos A, Adjaye J, Fimmel S, Gouvousis P, Herwig R, Lehrach H, Zouboulis CC, Karakiulakis G (2005) Matrix metalloproteinases of epithelial origin in facial sebum of patients with acne and their regulation by isotretinoin. J Invest Dermatol 125:673\u2013684","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01612.x","volume":"118","author":"A Pappas","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pappas A, Anthonavage M, Gordon J (2002) Metabolic fate and selective utilization of major fatty acids in human sebaceous gland. J Invest Dermatol 118:164\u2013171","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5701160","volume":"128","author":"E Pelle","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pelle E, McCarthy J, Seltmann H, Huang X, Mammone T, Zouboulis CC, Maes D (2008) Identification of histamine receptors and reduction of squalene levels by an antihistamine in sebocytes. J Invest Dermatol 128:1280\u20131285","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR74","first-page":"629","volume":"19","author":"G Pelletier","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pelletier G, Ren L (2004) Localization of sex steroid receptors in human skin. Histol Histopathol 19:629\u2013636","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"key":"879_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026481205135","volume":"29","author":"J Reichrath","year":"1997","unstructured":"Reichrath J, Mittmann M, Kamradt J, M\u00fcller S (1997) Expression of retinoid-X receptors (-alpha, -beta, -gamma) and retinoic acid receptors (-alpha, -beta, -gamma) in normal human skin: an immunohistological evaluation. Histochem J 29:127\u2013133","journal-title":"Histochem J"},{"key":"879_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026748824945","volume":"32","author":"J Reichrath","year":"2000","unstructured":"Reichrath J, Classen U, Meineke V, DeLuca H, Tilgen W, Kerber A, Holick M (2000) Immunoreactivity of six monoclonal antibodies directed against 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 receptors in human skin. Histochem J 32:625\u2013629","journal-title":"Histochem J"},{"key":"879_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2004-0096","volume":"23","author":"AZ Rizvi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rizvi AZ, Wong MH (2005) Epithelial stem cells and their niche: there\u2019s no place like home. Stem Cells 23:150\u2013165","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"879_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1159\/000017864","volume":"196","author":"R Rosenfield","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rosenfield R, Deplewski D, Kentsis A, Ciletti N (1998) Mechanisms of androgen induction of sebocyte differentiation. Dermatology 196:43\u201346","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"879_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00487.x","volume":"112","author":"R Rosenfield","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rosenfield R, Kentsis A, Deplewski D, Ciletti N (1999) Rat preputial sebocyte differentiation involves peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. J Invest Dermatol 112:226\u2013232","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR80","first-page":"269","volume":"54","author":"R Rosenfield","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rosenfield R, Deplewski D, Greene D (2000) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and skin development. Horm Res 54:269\u2013274","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"879_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2007.00612.x","volume":"16","author":"L Russell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Russell L, Harrison W, Bahta A, Zouboulis CC, Burrin J, Philpott M (2007) Characterization of liver X receptor expression and function in human skin and the pilosebaceous unit. Exp Dermatol 16:844\u2013852","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08487.x","volume":"131","author":"D Sanders","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sanders D, Philpott M, Nicolle F, Kealey T (1994) The isolation and maintenance of the human pilosebaceous unit. Br J Dermatol 131:166\u2013176","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01516.x","volume":"117","author":"T Sato","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sato T, Imai N, Akimoto N, Sakiguchi T, Kitamura K, Ito A (2001) Epidermal growth factor and 1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 suppress lipogenesis in hamster sebaceous gland cells in vitro. J Invest Dermatol 117:965\u2013970","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23934.x","volume":"125","author":"M Schmuth","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schmuth M, Ortegon A, Mao-Qiang M, Elias P, Feingold K, Stahl A (2005) Differential expression of fatty acid transport proteins in epidermis and skin appendages. J Invest Dermatol 125:1174\u20131181","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-961808","volume":"39","author":"M Schmuth","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schmuth M, Watson REB, Deplewski D, Dubrac S, Zouboulis CC, Griffiths CEM (2007) Nuclear hormone receptors in human skin. Horm Metab Res 39:96\u2013105","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"879_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5336","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00918.x","volume":"15","author":"K Schoonjans","year":"1996","unstructured":"Schoonjans K, Peinado-Onsurbe J, Lefebvre A, Heyman R, Briggs M, Deeb S, Staels B, Auwerx J (1996) PPARalpha and PPARgamma activators direct a distinct tissue-specific transcriptional response via a PPRE in the lipoprotein lipase gene. EMBO J 15:5336\u20135348","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"879_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2003.09.050","volume":"13","author":"EP Schreiner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schreiner EP, Wolff B, Winiski AP, Billich A (2003) 6-(2-Adamantan-2-ylidene-hydroxybenzoxazole)-O-sulfamate: a potent non-steroidal irreversible inhibitor of human steroid sulfatase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 13:4313\u20134316","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett"},{"issue":"suppl 5","key":"879_CR88","first-page":"A42","volume":"124","author":"C Schuler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schuler C, Seifert M, Seltmann H, Zouboulis CC, Tilgen W, Reichrath J (2005) The sebocyte as a new target for bioactive vitamin D analogues. J Invest Dermatol 124(suppl 5):A42","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR89","first-page":"102","volume":"53","author":"K Seiffert","year":"2000","unstructured":"Seiffert K, Zouboulis CC, Seltmann H, Granstein R (2000) Expression of neuropeptide receptors by human sebocytes and stimulatory effect of their agonists on cytokine production. Horm Res 53:102","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"879_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-961814","volume":"39","author":"K Seiffert","year":"2007","unstructured":"Seiffert K, Seltmann H, Fritsch M, Zouboulis CC (2007) Inhibition of 5\u03b1-reductase activity in SZ95 sebocytes and HaCaT keratinocytes in vitro. Horm Metab Res 39:141\u2013148","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"879_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700278","volume":"126","author":"T Smith","year":"2006","unstructured":"Smith T, Cong Z, Gilliland K, Clawson G, Thiboutot D (2006) Insulin-like growth factor-1 induces lipid production in human SEB-1 sebocytes via sterol response element-binding protein-1. J Invest Dermatol 126:1226\u20131232","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2005.01.007","volume":"38","author":"S St\u00e4nder","year":"2005","unstructured":"St\u00e4nder S, Schmelz M, Metze D, Luger T, Rukwied R (2005) Distribution of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2) on sensory nerve fibers and adnexal structures in human skin. J Dermatol Sci 38:177\u2013188","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"879_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12456856","volume":"87","author":"M Stewart","year":"1986","unstructured":"Stewart M, Grahek M, Cambier L, Wertz P, Downing D (1986) Dilutional effect of increased sebaceous gland activity on the proportion of linoleic acid in sebaceous wax esters and in epidermal acylceramides. J Invest Dermatol 87:733\u2013736","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1386","volume":"12","author":"H Takeda","year":"2006","unstructured":"Takeda H, Lyle S, Lazar A, Zouboulis CC, Smyth I, Watt F (2006) Human sebaceous tumours harbour inactivating mutations in LEF1. Nat Med 12:395\u2013397","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"879_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12244.x","volume":"120","author":"D Thiboutot","year":"2003","unstructured":"Thiboutot D, Jabara S, McAllister J, Sivarajah A, Gilliland K, Cong Z, Clawson G (2003) Human skin is a steroidogenic tissue: steroidogenic enzymes and cofactors are expressed in epidermis, normal sebocytes, and an immortalized sebocyte cell line (SEB-1). J Invest Dermatology 120:905\u2013914","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatology"},{"key":"879_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700439","volume":"127","author":"A Thielitz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Thielitz A, Reinhold D, Vetter R, Bank U, Helmuth M, Hartig R, Wrenger S, Wiswedel I, Lendeckel U, Kahne T, Neubert K, Faust J, Zouboulis CC, Ansorge S, Gollnick H (2007) Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) and aminopeptidase N (APN) show strong anti-inflammatory effects on immune cells and therapeutic efficacy in autoimmune disorders. J Invest Dermatol 127:1042\u20131051","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0625.2003.120209.x","volume":"12","author":"M Thornton","year":"2003","unstructured":"Thornton M, Taylor A, Mulligan K, Al-Azzawi F, Lyon C, O\u2019Driscoll J, Messenger A (2003) Oestrogen receptor-\u03b2 is the predominant oestrogen receptor in human scalp skin. Exp Dermatol 12:181\u2013190","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700344","volume":"126","author":"M Thornton","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thornton M, Nelson L, Taylor AH, Birch M, Laing I, Messenger A (2006) The modulation of aromatase and estrogen receptor alpha in cultured human dermal papilla cells by dexamethasone: a novel mechanism for selective action of estrogen via estrogen receptor beta? J Invest Dermatol 126:2010\u20132018","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"suppl 5","key":"879_CR99","first-page":"A68","volume":"124","author":"I T\u00f3th","year":"2005","unstructured":"T\u00f3th I, G\u00e9czy T, Czifra G, Seltmann H, Paus R, Kov\u00e1cs L, Zouboulis CC, B\u00edr\u00f3 T (2005) The vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) is expressed and functionally active on human SZ95 sebocytes. J Invest Dermatol 124(suppl 5):A68 Abstract","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1159\/000067818","volume":"206","author":"M Toyoda","year":"2003","unstructured":"Toyoda M, Morohashi M (2003) New aspects in acne inflammation. Dermatology 206:17\u201323","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"879_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0625.2002.110307.x","volume":"11","author":"M Toyoda","year":"2002","unstructured":"Toyoda M, Nakamura M, Makino T, Kagoura M, Morohashi M (2002) Sebaceous glands in acne patients express high levels of neutral endopeptidase. Exp Dermatol 11:241\u2013247","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR102","first-page":"422","volume":"12","author":"M Toyoda","year":"2002","unstructured":"Toyoda M, Nakamura M, Morohashi M (2002) Neuropeptides and sebaceous glands. Eur J Dermatol 12:422\u2013427","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700336","volume":"126","author":"N Trivedi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Trivedi N, Cong Z, Nelson A, Albert A, Rosamilia L, Sivarajah S, Gilliland K, Liu W, Mauger D, Gabbay R, Thiboutot D (2006) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors increase human sebum production. J Invest Dermatol 126:2002\u20132009","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700213","volume":"126","author":"N Trivedi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Trivedi N, Gilliland K, Zhao W, Liu W, Thiboutot D (2006) Gene array expression profiling in acne lesions reveals marked upregulation of genes involved in inflammation and matrix remodeling. J Invest Dermatol 126:1071\u20131079","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00066.x","volume":"115","author":"M Tsukada","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tsukada M, Schroder M, Roos T, Chandraratna R, Reichert U, Merk H, Orfanos CE, Zouboulis CC (2000) 13-cis retinoic acid exerts its specific activity on human sebocytes through selective intracellular isomerization to all-trans retinoic acid and binding to retinoid acid receptors. Invest Dermatol 115:321\u2013327","journal-title":"Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-1811(02)00003-8","volume":"28","author":"F Watt","year":"2002","unstructured":"Watt F (2002) The stem cell compartment in human interfollicular epidermis. J Dermatol Sci 28:173\u2013180","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"879_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1023\/B:ANTO.0000024911.67625.27","volume":"86","author":"G Whale","year":"2004","unstructured":"Whale G, Sutcliffe I, Morrisson A, Pretswell E, Emmison N (2004) Purification and characterisation of lipoglycan macroamphiphiles from Propionibacterium acnes. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 86:77\u201385","journal-title":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek"},{"key":"879_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1159\/000069757","volume":"16","author":"J Wille","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wille J, Kydonieus A (2003) Palmitoleic acid isomer (C16:1delta6) in human skin sebum is effective against gram-positive bacteria. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol 16:176\u2013187","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol"},{"key":"879_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12029.x","volume":"120","author":"A Wr\u00f3bel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wr\u00f3bel A, Seltmann H, Fimmel S, M\u00fcller-Decker K, Tsukada M, Bogdanoff B, Mandt N, Blume-Peytavi U, Orfanos CE, Zouboulis CC (2003) Differentiation and apoptosis in human immortalized sebocytes. J Invest Dermatol 120:175\u2013181","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-202X(89)90050-X","volume":"93","author":"L Xia","year":"1989","unstructured":"Xia L, Zouboulis C, Detmar M, Mayer-da-Silva A, Stadler R, Orfanos CE (1989) Isolation of human sebaceous glands and cultivation of sebaceous gland-derived cells as an in vitro model. J Invest Dermatol 93:315\u2013321","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2005.05.030","volume":"27","author":"L Zhang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zhang L, Li W, Anthonavage M, Eisinger M (2006) Melanocortin-5 receptor: a marker of human sebocyte differentiation. Peptides 27:413\u2013420","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"879_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700028","volume":"126","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Seltmann H, Zouboulis CC, Konger RL (2006) Involvement of PPAR-gamma in oxidative stress-mediated prostaglandin E2 production in SZ95 human sebaceous gland cells. J Invest Dermatol 126:42\u201348","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2006.00458.x","volume":"15","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Seltmann H, Zouboulis CE, Travers JB (2006) Activation of platelet-activating factor receptor in SZ95 sebocytes results in inflammatory cytokine and prostaglandin E production. Exp Dermatol 15:769\u2013774","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02631053","volume":"28A","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"1992","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC (1992) Sebaceous cells in monolayer culture. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 28A:699","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"879_CR115","first-page":"230","volume":"54","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC (2000) Human skin: an independent peripheral endocrine organ. Horm Res 54:230\u2013242","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"879_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1159\/000051771","volume":"203","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC (2001) Is acne vulgaris a genuine inflammatory disease? Dermatology 203:277\u2013279","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"879_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"xiv","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12263.x","volume":"120","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC (2003) Sebaceous gland in human skin\u2014the fantastic future of a skin appendage. J Invest Dermatol 120:xiv\u2013xv","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.14310\/horm.2002.11109","volume":"3","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC (2004) The human skin as a hormone target and an endocrine gland. Hormones 3:9\u201326","journal-title":"Hormones"},{"key":"879_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2004.03.004","volume":"22","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC (2005) Acne and sebaceous gland function. Clin Dermatol 22:360\u2013366","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23922.x","volume":"125","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC (2005) Sebaceous glands and the prostaglandin pathway\u2014key stones of an exciting mosaic. J Invest Dermatol 125:865\u2013872","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700418","volume":"126","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC (2006) Isotretinoin revisited\u2014pluripotent effects on human sebaceous gland cells. J Invest Dermatol 126:2154\u20132156","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2001.00894.x","volume":"26","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC, Boschnakow A (2001) Chrono- and photoageing of the human sebaceous gland. Clin Exp Dermatol 26:600\u2013607","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-32953-6_6","volume-title":"Skin aging","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC, Makrantonaki E (2006) The role of hormones in intrinsic aging. In: Gilchrest B, Krutmann J (eds) Skin aging. Springer, New York, pp 55\u201364"},{"key":"879_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12471782","volume":"96","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"1991","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC, Korge B, Akamatsu H, Xia L, Schiller S, Gollnick H, Orfanos CE (1991) Effects of 13-cis-retinoic acid, all-trans-retinoic acid, and acitretin on the proliferation, lipid synthesis and keratin expression of cultured human sebocytes in vitro. J Invest Dermatol 96:792\u2013797","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1159\/000210927","volume":"4","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"1991","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC, Xia L, Detmar M, Bogdanoff B, Giannakopoulos G, Gollnick H, Orfanos CE (1991) Culture of human sebocytes and markers of sebocytic differentiation in vitro. Skin Pharmacol 4:74\u201383 Related article recently published in archives of dermatological research","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol"},{"key":"879_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.1994.tb00271.x","volume":"3","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"1994","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC, Krieter A, Gollnick H, Mischke D, Orfanos CE (1994) Progressive differentiation of human sebocytes in vitro is characterized by increasing cell size and altering antigen expression and is regulated by culture duration and retinoids. Exp Dermatol 3:151\u2013160","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1159\/000017861","volume":"196","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC, Xia L, Akamatsu H, Seltmann H, Fritsch M, Hornemann S, R\u00fchl R, Chen W, Nau H, Orfanos CE (1998) The human sebocyte culture model provides new insights into development and management of seborrhoea and acne. Dermatology 196:21\u201331","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"879_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00771.x","volume":"113","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC, Seltmann H, Neitzel H, Orfanos CE (1999) Establishment and characterization of an immortalized human sebaceous gland cell line (SZ95). J Invest Dermatol 113:1011\u20131020","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7148","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.102180999","volume":"99","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC, Seltmann H, Hiroi N, Chen W, Young M, Oeff M, Scherbaum WA, Orfanos CE, McCann SM, Bornstein SR (2002) Corticotropin releasing hormone: an autocrine hormone that promotes lipogenesis in human sebocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:7148\u20137153","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"879_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.139.5.668","volume":"139","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC, Nestoris S, Adler Y, Orth M, Orfanos CE, Picardo M, Camera E, Cunliffe WJ (2003) A new concept for acne therapy: a pilot study with zileuton, an oral 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor. Arch Dermatol 139:668\u2013670","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0906-6705.2005.0285a.x","volume":"14","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC, Eady A, Philpott M, Goldsmith LA, Orfanos C, Cunliffe WJ, Rosenfield R (2005) What is the pathogenesis of acne? Exp Dermatol 14:143\u2013152","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"879_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1159\/000081481","volume":"210","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC, Saborowski A, Boschnakow A (2005) Zileuton, an oral 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, directly reduces sebum production. Dermatology 210:36\u201338","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"879_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-961807","volume":"39","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC, Chen W, Thornton M, Qin K, Rosenfield R (2007) Sexual hormones in human skin. Horm Metab Res 39:85\u201395","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"879_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2008.00725.x","volume":"17","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC, Baron JM, B\u00f6hm M, Kippenberger S, Kurzen H, Reichrath J, Thielitz A (2008) Frontiers in sebaceous gland biology and pathology. Exp Dermatol 17:542\u2013551","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Archives of Dermatological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00403-008-0879-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00403-008-0879-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00403-008-0879-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T14:24:42Z","timestamp":1631629482000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00403-008-0879-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,9]]},"references-count":134,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]}},"alternative-id":["879"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00403-008-0879-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-3696","1432-069X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-3696","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-069X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,9]]}}}