{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T22:39:26Z","timestamp":1792276766842,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,10]],"date-time":"2009-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1239321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dermatol Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-009-0952-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,9]],"date-time":"2009-04-09T05:07:10Z","timestamp":1239253630000},"page":"259-272","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":150,"title":["Keloid scarring: bench and bedside"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"301","author":[{"given":"Oliver","family":"Seifert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Mrowietz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"952_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/S0151-9638(06)70952-8","volume":"133","author":"P Pitche","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pitche P (2006) What is true in \u201cspontaneous\u201d keloids? Ann Dermatol Venereol 133:501","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"952_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-4310(97)80541-2","volume":"4","author":"TL Tuan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tuan TL, Nichter LS (1998) The molecular basis of keloid and hypertrophic scar formation. Mol Med Today 4:19\u201324","journal-title":"Mol Med Today"},{"key":"952_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200201000-00026","volume":"109","author":"SR Beanes","year":"2002","unstructured":"Beanes SR, Hu FY, Soo C et al (2002) Confocal microscopic analysis of scarless repair in the fetal rat: defining the transition. Plast Reconstr Surg 109:160\u2013170","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"952_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64555-5","volume":"157","author":"C Soo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Soo C, Hu FY, Zhang X et al (2000) Differential expression of fibromodulin, a transforming growth factor-beta modulator, in fetal skin development and scarless repair. Am J Pathol 157:423\u2013433","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"952_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.1999.0598","volume":"12","author":"KW Liechty","year":"2000","unstructured":"Liechty KW, Adzick NS, Crombleholme TM (2000) Diminished interleukin 6 (IL-6) production during scarless human fetal wound repair. Cytokine 12:671\u2013676","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"952_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.1998.5345","volume":"77","author":"KW Liechty","year":"1998","unstructured":"Liechty KW, Crombleholme TM, Cass DL et al (1998) Diminished interleukin-8 (IL-8) production in the fetal wound healing response. J Surg Res 77:80\u201384","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"952_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-0436.1994.5630173.x","volume":"56","author":"JM Estes","year":"1994","unstructured":"Estes JM, Vande Berg JS, Adzick NS et al (1994) Phenotypic and functional features of myofibroblasts in sheep fetal wounds. Differentiation 56:173\u2013181","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"952_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(91)90155-M","volume":"26","author":"RW Jennings","year":"1991","unstructured":"Jennings RW, Adzick NS, Longaker MT et al (1991) Ontogeny of fetal sheep polymorphonuclear leukocyte phagocytosis. J Pediatr Surg 26:853\u2013855","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"952_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-1606(05)80018-1","volume":"147","author":"DJ Whitby","year":"1991","unstructured":"Whitby DJ, Ferguson MW (1991) Immunohistochemical localization of growth factors in fetal wound healing. Dev Biol 147:207\u2013215","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"952_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00238.x","volume":"111","author":"EJ Stelnicki","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stelnicki EJ, Arbeit J, Cass DL et al (1998) Modulation of the human homeobox genes PRX-2 and HOXB13 in scarless fetal wounds. J Invest Dermatol 111:57\u201363","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"952_CR11","first-page":"S12","volume":"49","author":"P Mignatti","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mignatti P (1995) Extracellular matrix remodeling by metalloproteinases and plasminogen activators. Kidney Int Suppl 49:S12\u2013S14","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"952_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12398424","volume":"103","author":"PK Young","year":"1994","unstructured":"Young PK, Grinnell F (1994) Metalloproteinase activation cascade after burn injury: a longitudinal analysis of the human wound environment. J Invest Dermatol 103:660\u2013664","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"952_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1994.46","volume":"8","author":"DA McGrouther","year":"1994","unstructured":"McGrouther DA (1994) Hypertrophic or keloid scars? Eye 8(Pt 2):200\u2013203","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"952_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0738-081X(94)90254-2","volume":"12","author":"JC Murray","year":"1994","unstructured":"Murray JC (1994) Keloids and hypertrophic scars. Clin Dermatol 12:27\u201337","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"952_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2003.11.009","volume":"57","author":"A Bayat","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bayat A, Arscott G, Ollier WE et al (2004) Description of site-specific morphology of keloid phenotypes in an Afrocaribbean population. Br J Plast Surg 57:122\u2013133","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"952_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-18827","volume":"17","author":"AE Brissett","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brissett AE, Sherris DA (2001) Scar contractures, hypertrophic scars, and keloids. Facial Plast Surg 17:263\u2013272","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"},{"key":"952_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1997.01900040031005","volume":"123","author":"WH Lindsey","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lindsey WH, Davis PT (1997) Facial keloids. A 15-year experience. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 123:397\u2013400","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"952_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000195073.73580.46","volume":"117","author":"A Al-Attar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Al-Attar A, Mess S, Thomassen JM et al (2006) Keloid pathogenesis and treatment. Plast Reconstr Surg 117:286\u2013300","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"952_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199708000-00017","volume":"100","author":"HP Schierle","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schierle HP, Scholz D, Lemperle G (1997) Elevated levels of testosterone receptors in keloid tissue: an experimental investigation. Plast Reconstr Surg 100:390\u2013395 discussion 396","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"952_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-196104000-00001","volume":"27","author":"B Cosman","year":"1961","unstructured":"Cosman B, Crikelair F, Ju MC, Gaulin JC, Lattes R (1961) The surgical treatment of keloids. Plast Reconstr Surg 27:335\u2013345","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"952_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)32271-9","volume":"1","author":"JO Oluwasanmi","year":"1974","unstructured":"Oluwasanmi JO (1974) Keloids in the African. Clin Plast Surg 1:179\u2013195","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"952_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199909020-00065","volume":"104","author":"EP Fong","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fong EP, Chye LT, Tan WT (1999) Keloids: time to dispel the myths? Plast Reconstr Surg 104:1199\u20131202","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"952_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(18)30644-2","volume":"6","author":"CJ McDonald","year":"1988","unstructured":"McDonald CJ (1988) Structure and function of the skin. Are there differences between black and white skin? Dermatol Clin 6:343\u2013347","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"952_CR24","first-page":"511","volume":"56","author":"D Bloom","year":"1956","unstructured":"Bloom D (1956) Heredity of keloids. N Y State Med J 56:511\u2013519","journal-title":"N Y State Med J"},{"key":"952_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1396-0296.2004.04022.x","volume":"17","author":"AP Kelly","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kelly AP (2004) Medical and surgical therapies for keloids. Dermatol Ther 17:212\u2013218","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"952_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1054\/bjps.2002.3853","volume":"55","author":"A Bayat","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bayat A, Bock O, Mrowietz U et al (2002) Genetic susceptibility to keloid disease and transforming growth factor beta 2 polymorphisms. Br J Plast Surg 55:283\u2013286","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"952_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000041536.02524.A3","volume":"111","author":"A Bayat","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bayat A, Bock O, Mrowietz U et al (2003) Genetic susceptibility to keloid disease and hypertrophic scarring: transforming growth factor beta1 common polymorphisms and plasma levels. Plast Reconstr Surg 111:535\u2013543 discussion 544\u2013536","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"952_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0906-6705.2004.00165.x","volume":"13","author":"A Bayat","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bayat A, Bock O, Mrowietz U et al (2004) Genetic susceptibility to keloid disease: transforming growth factor beta receptor gene polymorphisms are not associated with keloid disease. Exp Dermatol 13:120\u2013124","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"952_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2005.04.009","volume":"58","author":"A Bayat","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bayat A, Walter JM, Bock O et al (2005) Genetic susceptibility to keloid disease: mutation screening of the TGFbeta3 gene. Br J Plast Surg 58:914\u2013921","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"952_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2007.00654.x","volume":"17","author":"JJ Brown","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brown JJ, Ollier W, Arscott G et al (2008) Genetic susceptibility to keloid scarring: SMAD gene SNP frequencies in Afro-Caribbeans. Exp Dermatol 17:610\u2013613","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"952_CR31","first-page":"32","volume":"23","author":"X Yan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yan X, Gao JH, Chen Y et al (2007) Preliminary linkage analysis and mapping of keloid susceptibility locus in a Chinese pedigree. Zhonghua Zheng Xing Wai Ke Za Zhi 23:32\u201335","journal-title":"Zhonghua Zheng Xing Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"952_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.04.010","volume":"52","author":"WS Lu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lu WS, Wang JF, Yang S et al (2008) Association of HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 alleles with keloids in Chinese Hans. J Dermatol Sci 52:108\u2013117","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"952_CR33","first-page":"341","volume":"124","author":"A Rossi","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rossi A, Bozzi M (1989) HLA and keloids: antigenic frequency and therapeutic response. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 124:341\u2013344","journal-title":"G Ital Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"952_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.137.11.1429","volume":"137","author":"AG Marneros","year":"2001","unstructured":"Marneros AG, Norris JE, Olsen BR et al (2001) Clinical genetics of familial keloids. Arch Dermatol 137:1429\u20131434","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"952_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.22327.x","volume":"122","author":"AG Marneros","year":"2004","unstructured":"Marneros AG, Norris JE, Watanabe S et al (2004) Genome scans provide evidence for keloid susceptibility loci on chromosomes 2q23 and 7p11. J Invest Dermatol 122:1126\u20131132","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"952_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1017\/S1120962300012634","volume":"17","author":"L Goeminne","year":"1968","unstructured":"Goeminne L (1968) A new probably X-linked inherited syndrome: congenital muscular torticollis, multiple keloids cryptorchidism and renal dysplasia. Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma) 17:439\u2013467","journal-title":"Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma)"},{"key":"952_CR37","first-page":"346","volume":"57","author":"JD Hendrix Jr","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hendrix JD Jr, Greer KE (1996) Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome with multiple flamboyant keloids. Cutis 57:346\u2013348","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"952_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.09.017","volume":"324","author":"DR Warner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Warner DR, Bhattacherjee V, Yin X et al (2004) Functional interaction between Smad, CREB binding protein, and p68 RNA helicase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 324:70\u201376","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"952_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00333537","volume":"62","author":"O Zuffardi","year":"1982","unstructured":"Zuffardi O, Fraccaro M (1982) Gene mapping and serendipity. The locus for torticollis, keloids, cryptorchidism and renal dysplasia (31430, Mckusick) is at Xq28, distal to the G6PD locus. Hum Genet 62:280\u2013281","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"952_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930380106","volume":"38","author":"AA Kazeem","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kazeem AA (1988) The immunological aspects of keloid tumor formation. J Surg Oncol 38:16\u201318","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"952_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198306000-00015","volume":"71","author":"CW Kischer","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kischer CW, Shetlar MR, Shetlar CL et al (1983) Immunoglobulins in hypertrophic scars and keloids. Plast Reconstr Surg 71:821\u2013825","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"952_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s004280000335","volume":"438","author":"M Santucci","year":"2001","unstructured":"Santucci M, Borgognoni L, Reali UM et al (2001) Keloids and hypertrophic scars of Caucasians show distinctive morphologic and immunophenotypic profiles. Virchows Arch 438:457\u2013463","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"952_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1502","volume":"202","author":"FB Niessen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Niessen FB, Schalkwijk J, Vos H et al (2004) Hypertrophic scar formation is associated with an increased number of epidermal Langerhans cells. J Pathol 202:121\u2013129","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"952_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1097\/00004630-198703000-00008","volume":"8","author":"CJ Smith","year":"1987","unstructured":"Smith CJ, Smith JC, Finn MC (1987) The possible role of mast cells (allergy) in the production of keloid and hypertrophic scarring. J Burn Care Rehabil 8:126\u2013131","journal-title":"J Burn Care Rehabil"},{"key":"952_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1080\/09546630310016808","volume":"14","author":"K Eishi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Eishi K, Bae SJ, Ogawa F et al (2003) Silicone gel sheets relieve pain and pruritus with clinical improvement of keloid: possible target of mast cells. J Dermatolog Treat 14:248\u2013252","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"952_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2005.10.006","volume":"312","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Oh CK, Messadi DV et al (2006) Hypoxia-induced HIF-1 alpha accumulation is augmented in a co-culture of keloid fibroblasts and human mast cells: involvement of ERK1\/2 and PI-3K\/Akt. Exp Cell Res 312:145\u2013155","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"952_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(99)70112-X","volume":"41","author":"SR Rapp","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rapp SR, Feldman SR, Exum ML et al (1999) Psoriasis causes as much disability as other major medical diseases. J Am Acad Dermatol 41:401\u2013407","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"952_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1097\/00004630-198803000-00010","volume":"9","author":"CG Sheffield 3rd","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sheffield CG 3rd, Irons GB, Mucha P Jr et al (1988) Physical and psychological outcome after burns. J Burn Care Rehabil 9:172\u2013177","journal-title":"J Burn Care Rehabil"},{"key":"952_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200304040-00004","volume":"4","author":"NE Loey Van","year":"2003","unstructured":"Van Loey NE, Van Son MJ (2003) Psychopathology and psychological problems in patients with burn scars: epidemiology and management. Am J Clin Dermatol 4:245\u2013272","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"952_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-006-0651-7","volume":"297","author":"O Bock","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bock O, Schmid-Ott G, Malewski P et al (2006) Quality of life of patients with keloid and hypertrophic scarring. Arch Dermatol Res 297:433\u2013438","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"952_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1085","volume":"115","author":"JE Lane","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lane JE, Waller JL, Davis LS (2005) Relationship between age of ear piercing and keloid formation. Pediatrics 115:1312\u20131314","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"952_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.1997.tb00156.x","volume":"6","author":"P Teofoli","year":"1997","unstructured":"Teofoli P, Motoki K, Lotti TM et al (1997) Propiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression by normal skin and keloid fibroblasts in culture: modulation by cytokines. Exp Dermatol 6:111\u2013115","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"952_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80429-8","volume":"91","author":"Z Werb","year":"1997","unstructured":"Werb Z (1997) ECM and cell surface proteolysis: regulating cellular ecology. Cell 91:439\u2013442","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"952_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.9.4.1642","volume":"9","author":"M Babu","year":"1989","unstructured":"Babu M, Diegelmann R, Oliver N (1989) Fibronectin is overproduced by keloid fibroblasts during abnormal wound healing. Mol Cell Biol 9:1642\u20131650","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"952_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.1993.1132","volume":"55","author":"DW Friedman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Friedman DW, Boyd CD, Mackenzie JW et al (1993) Regulation of collagen gene expression in keloids and hypertrophic scars. J Surg Res 55:214\u2013222","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"952_CR56","first-page":"29","volume":"231","author":"CW Kischer","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kischer CW, Hendrix MJ (1983) Fibronectin (FN) in hypertrophic scars and keloids. Cell Tissue Res 231:29\u201337","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"952_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90115-S","volume":"69","author":"RO Hynes","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hynes RO (1992) Integrins: versatility, modulation, and signaling in cell adhesion. Cell 69:11\u201325","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"952_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0945-053X(00)00077-9","volume":"19","author":"B Eckes","year":"2000","unstructured":"Eckes B, Zigrino P, Kessler D et al (2000) Fibroblast-matrix interactions in wound healing and fibrosis. Matrix Biol 19:325\u2013332","journal-title":"Matrix Biol"},{"key":"952_CR59","first-page":"391","volume":"6","author":"L Ravanti","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ravanti L, Kahari VM (2000) Matrix metalloproteinases in wound repair (review). Int J Mol Med 6:391\u2013407","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"952_CR60","first-page":"457","volume":"55","author":"P Declerk","year":"1993","unstructured":"Declerk P (1993) Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1: biochemical, structural and functional studies. Verh K Acad Geneeskd Belg 55:457\u2013473","journal-title":"Verh K Acad Geneeskd Belg"},{"key":"952_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.110.4.1361","volume":"110","author":"RM Lyons","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lyons RM, Gentry LE, Purchio AF et al (1990) Mechanism of activation of latent recombinant transforming growth factor beta 1 by plasmin. J Cell Biol 110:1361\u20131367","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"952_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12338552","volume":"106","author":"TL Tuan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tuan TL, Zhu JY, Sun B et al (1996) Elevated levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 may account for the altered fibrinolysis by keloid fibroblasts. J Invest Dermatol 106:1007\u20131011","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"952_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64292-7","volume":"162","author":"TL Tuan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tuan TL, Wu H, Huang EY et al (2003) Increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in keloid fibroblasts may account for their elevated collagen accumulation in fibrin gel cultures. Am J Pathol 162:1579\u20131589","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"952_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12564.x","volume":"121","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Wu Y, Ann DK et al (2003) Mechanisms of hypoxic regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene expression in keloid fibroblasts. J Invest Dermatol 121:1005\u20131012","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl A","key":"952_CR65","first-page":"S131","volume":"9","author":"JA Eble","year":"2001","unstructured":"Eble JA (2001) The molecular basis of integrin-extracellular matrix interactions. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 9(Suppl A):S131\u2013S140","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"952_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01680.x","volume":"118","author":"G Szulgit","year":"2002","unstructured":"Szulgit G, Rudolph R, Wandel A et al (2002) Alterations in fibroblast alpha1beta1 integrin collagen receptor expression in keloids and hypertrophic scars. J Invest Dermatol 118:409\u2013415","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"952_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s004030050173","volume":"289","author":"U Blume-Peytavi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Blume-Peytavi U, Geilen CC, Sommer C et al (1997) The phospholipid analogue hexadecylphosphocholine (HePC) inhibits proliferation of keloid fibroblasts in\u00a0vitro and modulates their fibronectin and integrin synthesis. Arch Dermatol Res 289:164\u2013169","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"952_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5935","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.17.5935","volume":"82","author":"J Uitto","year":"1985","unstructured":"Uitto J, Perejda AJ, Abergel RP et al (1985) Altered steady-state ratio of type I\/III procollagen mRNAs correlates with selectively increased type I procollagen biosynthesis in cultured keloid fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82:5935\u20135939","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"952_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12265471","volume":"84","author":"RP Abergel","year":"1985","unstructured":"Abergel RP, Pizzurro D, Meeker CA et al (1985) Biochemical composition of the connective tissue in keloids and analysis of collagen metabolism in keloid fibroblast cultures. J Invest Dermatol 84:384\u2013390","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"952_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.2.587","volume":"85","author":"SB Russell","year":"1988","unstructured":"Russell SB, Trupin KM, Rodriguez-Eaton S et al (1988) Reduced growth-factor requirement of keloid-derived fibroblasts may account for tumor growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85:587\u2013591","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"952_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1159\/000246625","volume":"190","author":"K Kikuchi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kikuchi K, Kadono T, Takehara K (1995) Effects of various growth factors and histamine on cultured keloid fibroblasts. Dermatology 190:4\u20138","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"952_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12668146","volume":"99","author":"M Babu","year":"1992","unstructured":"Babu M, Diegelmann R, Oliver N (1992) Keloid fibroblasts exhibit an altered response to TGF-beta. J Invest Dermatol 99:650\u2013655","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"952_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199610000-00012","volume":"98","author":"DA Bettinger","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bettinger DA, Yager DR, Diegelmann RF et al (1996) The effect of TGF-beta on keloid fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. Plast Reconstr Surg 98:827\u2013833","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"952_CR74","first-page":"179","volume":"43","author":"TY Lee","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lee TY, Chin GS, Kim WJ et al (1999) Expression of transforming growth factor beta 1, 2, and 3 proteins in keloids. Ann Plast Surg 43:179\u2013184","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"952_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12396856","volume":"103","author":"M Haisa","year":"1994","unstructured":"Haisa M, Okochi H, Grotendorst GR (1994) Elevated levels of PDGF alpha receptors in keloid fibroblasts contribute to an enhanced response to PDGF. J Invest Dermatol 103:560\u2013563","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"952_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C905","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00200.2003","volume":"286","author":"Y Wu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wu Y, Zhang Q, Ann DK et al (2004) Increased vascular endothelial growth factor may account for elevated level of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 via activating ERK1\/2 in keloid fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 286:C905\u2013C912","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"952_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-007-0825-y","volume":"300","author":"GY Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang GY, Yi CG, Li X et al (2008) Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in keloid fibroblasts by vector-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor shRNA: a therapeutic potential strategy for keloid. Arch Dermatol Res 300:177\u2013184","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"952_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1272\/jnms.74.11","volume":"74","author":"M Ghazizadeh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ghazizadeh M (2007) Essential role of IL-6 signaling pathway in keloid pathogenesis. J Nippon Med Sch 74:11\u201322","journal-title":"J Nippon Med Sch"},{"key":"952_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2000.6868","volume":"35","author":"KW Liechty","year":"2000","unstructured":"Liechty KW, Kim HB, Adzick NS et al (2000) Fetal wound repair results in scar formation in interleukin-10-deficient mice in a syngeneic murine model of scarless fetal wound repair. J Pediatr Surg 35:866\u2013872 discussion 872\u2013863","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"952_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5701232","volume":"128","author":"WH Peranteau","year":"2008","unstructured":"Peranteau WH, Zhang L, Muvarak N et al (2008) IL-10 overexpression decreases inflammatory mediators and promotes regenerative healing in an adult model of scar formation. J Invest Dermatol 128:1852\u20131860","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"952_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64803-1","volume":"157","author":"T Chodon","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chodon T, Sugihara T, Igawa HH et al (2000) Keloid-derived fibroblasts are refractory to Fas-mediated apoptosis and neutralization of autocrine transforming growth factor-beta1 can abrogate this resistance. Am J Pathol 157:1661\u20131669","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"952_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00180.x","volume":"115","author":"H Ishihara","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ishihara H, Yoshimoto H, Fujioka M et al (2000) Keloid fibroblasts resist ceramide-induced apoptosis by overexpression of insulin-like growth factor I receptor. J Invest Dermatol 115:1065\u20131071","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"952_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.1999.5761","volume":"87","author":"DN Sayah","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sayah DN, Soo C, Shaw WW et al (1999) Downregulation of apoptosis-related genes in keloid tissues. J Surg Res 87:209\u2013216","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"952_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-475X.1998.60106.x","volume":"6","author":"DA Ladin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ladin DA, Hou Z, Patel D et al (1998) p53 and apoptosis alterations in keloids and keloid fibroblasts. Wound Repair Regen 6:28\u201337","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen"},{"key":"952_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-004-0487-y","volume":"296","author":"DV Messadi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Messadi DV, Doung HS, Zhang Q et al (2004) Activation of NFkappaB signal pathways in keloid fibroblasts. Arch Dermatol Res 296:125\u2013133","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"952_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1747.2003.12572.x","volume":"121","author":"E Funayama","year":"2003","unstructured":"Funayama E, Chodon T, Oyama A et al (2003) Keratinocytes promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of the underlying fibroblasts: an important role in the pathogenesis of keloid. J Invest Dermatol 121:1326\u20131331","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"952_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C212","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00555.2001","volume":"283","author":"IJ Lim","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lim IJ, Phan TT, Bay BH et al (2002) Fibroblasts cocultured with keloid keratinocytes: normal fibroblasts secrete collagen in a keloidlike manner. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 283:C212\u2013C222","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"952_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200103000-00022","volume":"107","author":"IJ Lim","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lim IJ, Phan TT, Song C et al (2001) Investigation of the influence of keloid-derived keratinocytes on fibroblast growth and proliferation in vitro. Plast Reconstr Surg 107:797\u2013808","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"952_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.337","volume":"129","author":"CP Lim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lim CP, Phan TT, Lim IJ et al (2008) Cytokine profiling and Stat3 phosphorylation in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions between keloid keratinocytes and fibroblasts. J Invest Dermatol 129(4):851\u2013861","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"952_CR90","volume-title":"The molecular and cellular biology of wound repair","author":"AB Roberts","year":"1996","unstructured":"Roberts AB, Sporn MB, Clark RF (1996) The molecular and cellular biology of wound repair. Plenum, New York"},{"key":"952_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/08977199309029129","volume":"8","author":"AB Roberts","year":"1993","unstructured":"Roberts AB, Sporn MB (1993) Physiological actions and clinical applications of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Growth Factors 8:1\u20139","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"952_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)68561-8","volume":"263","author":"E Obberghen-Schilling Van","year":"1988","unstructured":"Van Obberghen-Schilling E, Roche NS, Flanders KC et al (1988) Transforming growth factor beta 1 positively regulates its own expression in normal and transformed cells. J Biol Chem 263:7741\u20137746","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"952_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7646","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)68547-3","volume":"263","author":"LM Wakefield","year":"1988","unstructured":"Wakefield LM, Smith DM, Flanders KC et al (1988) Latent transforming growth factor-beta from human platelets. A high molecular weight complex containing precursor sequences. J Biol Chem 263:7646\u20137654","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"952_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.121.2.439","volume":"121","author":"S Kojima","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kojima S, Nara K, Rifkin DB (1993) Requirement for transglutaminase in the activation of latent transforming growth factor-beta in bovine endothelial cells. J Cell Biol 121:439\u2013448","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"952_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3109\/08977199309029130","volume":"8","author":"K Miyazono","year":"1993","unstructured":"Miyazono K, Ichijo H, Heldin CH (1993) Transforming growth factor-beta: latent forms, binding proteins and receptors. Growth Factors 8:11\u201322","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"952_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/346281a0","volume":"346","author":"Y Yamaguchi","year":"1990","unstructured":"Yamaguchi Y, Mann DM, Ruoslahti E (1990) Negative regulation of transforming growth factor-beta by the proteoglycan decorin. Nature 346:281\u2013284","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"952_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041310207","volume":"131","author":"RA Fava","year":"1987","unstructured":"Fava RA, McClure DB (1987) Fibronectin-associated transforming growth factor. J Cell Physiol 131:184\u2013189","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"952_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.3.2.181","volume":"3","author":"JE Murphy-Ullrich","year":"1992","unstructured":"Murphy-Ullrich JE, Schultz-Cherry S, Hook M (1992) Transforming growth factor-beta complexes with thrombospondin. Mol Biol Cell 3:181\u2013188","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"952_CR99","first-page":"337","volume":"40","author":"HY Lin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lin HY, Moustakas A (1994) TGF-beta receptors: structure and function. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 40:337\u2013349","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)"},{"key":"952_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3137","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.109.6.3137","volume":"109","author":"JL Andres","year":"1989","unstructured":"Andres JL, Stanley K, Cheifetz S et al (1989) Membrane-anchored and soluble forms of betaglycan, a polymorphic proteoglycan that binds transforming growth factor-beta. J Cell Biol 109:3137\u20133145","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"952_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-005-0596-2","volume":"297","author":"M Fujiwara","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fujiwara M, Muragaki Y, Ooshima A (2005) Upregulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in cultured keloid fibroblasts: relevance to angiogenic activity. Arch Dermatol Res 297:161\u2013169","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"952_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200108000-00022","volume":"108","author":"GS Chin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chin GS, Liu W, Peled Z et al (2001) Differential expression of transforming growth factor-beta receptors I and II and activation of Smad 3 in keloid fibroblasts. Plast Reconstr Surg 108:423\u2013429","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"952_CR103","first-page":"465","volume":"122","author":"A Ghahary","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ghahary A, Shen YJ, Scott PG et al (1993) Enhanced expression of mRNA for transforming growth factor-beta, type I and type III procollagen in human post-burn hypertrophic scar tissues. J Lab Clin Med 122:465\u2013473","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"952_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12606979","volume":"104","author":"K Zhang","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zhang K, Garner W, Cohen L et al (1995) Increased types I and III collagen and transforming growth factor-beta 1 mRNA and protein in hypertrophic burn scar. J Invest Dermatol 104:750\u2013754","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"952_CR105","first-page":"485","volume":"152","author":"P Schmid","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schmid P, Itin P, Cherry G et al (1998) Enhanced expression of transforming growth factor-beta type I and type II receptors in wound granulation tissue and hypertrophic scar. Am J Pathol 152:485\u2013493","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"952_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)90009-R","volume":"339","author":"M Shah","year":"1992","unstructured":"Shah M, Foreman DM, Ferguson MW (1992) Control of scarring in adult wounds by neutralising antibody to transforming growth factor beta. Lancet 339:213\u2013214","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"952_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2945","DOI":"10.2174\/092986707782794005","volume":"14","author":"M Gary-Bobo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gary-Bobo M, Nirde P, Jeanjean A et al (2007) Mannose 6-phosphate receptor targeting and its applications in human diseases. Curr Med Chem 14:2945\u20132953","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"952_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5701104","volume":"128","author":"A Thielitz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thielitz A, Vetter RW, Schultze B et al (2008) Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV-like activity mediate antifibrotic effects in normal and keloid-derived skin fibroblasts. J Invest Dermatol 128:855\u2013866","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"952_CR109","first-page":"216","volume":"85","author":"O Bock","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bock O, Yu H, Zitron S et al (2005) Studies of transforming growth factors beta 1\u20133 and their receptors I and II in fibroblast of keloids and hypertrophic scars. Acta Dermatol Venereol 85:216\u2013220","journal-title":"Acta Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"952_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.108.3.985","volume":"108","author":"M Shah","year":"1995","unstructured":"Shah M, Foreman DM, Ferguson MW (1995) Neutralisation of TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 or exogenous addition of TGF-beta 3 to cutaneous rat wounds reduces scarring. J Cell Sci 108(Pt 3):985\u20131002","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"952_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27678","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.44.27678","volume":"272","author":"S Abdollah","year":"1997","unstructured":"Abdollah S, Macias-Silva M, Tsukazaki T et al (1997) TbetaRI phosphorylation of Smad2 on Ser465 and Ser467 is required for Smad2-Smad4 complex formation and signaling. J Biol Chem 272:27678\u201327685","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"952_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5353","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.17.5353","volume":"16","author":"A Nakao","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nakao A, Imamura T, Souchelnytskyi S et al (1997) TGF-beta receptor-mediated signalling through Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4. Embo J 16:5353\u20135362","journal-title":"Embo J"},{"key":"952_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80303-7","volume":"89","author":"H Hayashi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hayashi H, Abdollah S, Qiu Y et al (1997) The MAD-related protein Smad7 associates with the TGFbeta receptor and functions as an antagonist of TGFbeta signaling. Cell 89:1165\u20131173","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"952_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1038\/39355","volume":"389","author":"T Imamura","year":"1997","unstructured":"Imamura T, Takase M, Nishihara A et al (1997) Smad6 inhibits signalling by the TGF-beta superfamily. Nature 389:622\u2013626","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"952_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.71.5.731","volume":"71","author":"S Dennler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dennler S, Goumans MJ, ten Dijke P (2002) Transforming growth factor beta signal transduction. J Leukoc Biol 71:731\u2013740","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"952_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/37284","volume":"390","author":"CH Heldin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Heldin CH, Miyazono K, ten Dijke P (1997) TGF-beta signalling from cell membrane to nucleus through SMAD proteins. Nature 390:465\u2013471","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"952_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1826","volume":"207","author":"TT Phan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Phan TT, Lim IJ, Aalami O et al (2005) Smad3 signalling plays an important role in keloid pathogenesis via epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. J Pathol 207:232\u2013242","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"952_CR118","first-page":"959","volume":"19","author":"M Tsujita-Kyutoku","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tsujita-Kyutoku M, Uehara N, Matsuoka Y et al (2005) Comparison of transforming growth factor-beta\/Smad signaling between normal dermal fibroblasts and fibroblasts derived from central and peripheral areas of keloid lesions. In Vivo 19:959\u2013963","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"952_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20668","volume":"208","author":"YT Khoo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Khoo YT, Ong CT, Mukhopadhyay A et al (2006) Upregulation of secretory connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in keratinocyte-fibroblast coculture contributes to keloid pathogenesis. J Cell Physiol 208:336\u2013343","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"952_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000239537.77870.2c","volume":"118","author":"Z Gao","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gao Z, Wang Z, Shi Y et al (2006) Modulation of collagen synthesis in keloid fibroblasts by silencing Smad2 with siRNA. Plast Reconstr Surg 118:1328\u20131337","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"952_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2005.06.010","volume":"59","author":"H Yu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yu H, Bock O, Bayat A et al (2006) Decreased expression of inhibitory SMAD6 and SMAD7 in keloid scarring. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 59:221\u2013229","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"952_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1685","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00266.2001","volume":"282","author":"B Wang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wang B, Hao J, Jones SC et al (2002) Decreased Smad 7 expression contributes to cardiac fibrosis in the infarcted rat heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 282:H1685\u2013H1696","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"952_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3908","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.062010399","volume":"99","author":"C Dong","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dong C, Zhu S, Wang T et al (2002) Deficient Smad7 expression: a putative molecular defect in scleroderma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:3908\u20133913","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"952_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12308.x","volume":"121","author":"S Takagawa","year":"2003","unstructured":"Takagawa S, Lakos G, Mori Y et al (2003) Sustained activation of fibroblast transforming growth factor-beta\/Smad signaling in a murine model of scleroderma. J Invest Dermatol 121:41\u201350","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"952_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0214685","volume":"109","author":"M Huang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Huang M, Sharma S, Zhu LX et al (2002) IL-7 inhibits fibroblast TGF-beta production and signaling in pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Invest 109:931\u2013937","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"952_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21570","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M502071200","volume":"280","author":"J Kopp","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kopp J, Preis E, Said H et al (2005) Abrogation of transforming growth factor-beta signaling by SMAD7 inhibits collagen gel contraction of human dermal fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 280:21570\u201321576","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"952_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02006","volume":"425","author":"R Derynck","year":"2003","unstructured":"Derynck R, Zhang YE (2003) Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways in TGF-beta family signalling. Nature 425:577\u2013584","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"952_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3749","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdf366","volume":"21","author":"L Yu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yu L, Hebert MC, Zhang YE (2002) TGF-beta receptor-activated p38 MAP kinase mediates Smad-independent TGF-beta responses. Embo J 21:3749\u20133759","journal-title":"Embo J"},{"issue":"10","key":"952_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2008.479","volume":"28","author":"S Bhattacharyya","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bhattacharyya S, Ishida W, Wu M et al (2009) A non-Smad mechanism of fibroblast activation by transforming growth factor-beta via c-Abl and Egr-1: selective modulation by imatinib mesylate. Oncogene 28(10):1285\u20131297","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"952_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00432-X","volume":"113","author":"Y Shi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shi Y, Massague J (2003) Mechanisms of TGF-beta signaling from cell membrane to the nucleus. Cell 113:685\u2013700","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"952_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81701-8","volume":"95","author":"T Tsukazaki","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tsukazaki T, Chiang TA, Davison AF et al (1998) SARA, a FYVE domain protein that recruits Smad2 to the TGFbeta receptor. Cell 95:779\u2013791","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"952_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb975","volume":"5","author":"GM Di Guglielmo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Di Guglielmo GM, Le Roy C, Goodfellow AF et al (2003) Distinct endocytic pathways regulate TGF-beta receptor signalling and turnover. Nat Cell Biol 5:410\u2013421","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"952_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5701149","volume":"128","author":"JC Smith","year":"2008","unstructured":"Smith JC, Boone BE, Opalenik SR et al (2008) Gene profiling of keloid fibroblasts shows altered expression in multiple fibrosis-associated pathways. J Invest Dermatol 128:1298\u20131310","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"952_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2006.00135.x","volume":"14","author":"L Satish","year":"2006","unstructured":"Satish L, Lyons-Weiler J, Hebda PA et al (2006) Gene expression patterns in isolated keloid fibroblasts. Wound Repair Regen 14:463\u2013470","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen"},{"key":"952_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-4804(03)00188-4","volume":"113","author":"W Chen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chen W, Fu X, Sun X et al (2003) Analysis of differentially expressed genes in keloids and normal skin with cDNA microarray. J Surg Res 113:208\u2013216","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"952_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2007.00343.x","volume":"16","author":"O Seifert","year":"2008","unstructured":"Seifert O, Bayat A, Geffers R et al (2008) Identification of unique gene expression patterns within different lesional sites of keloids. Wound Repair Regen 16:254\u2013265","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen"},{"key":"952_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1201-365","volume":"29","author":"A Brazma","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brazma A, Hingamp P, Quackenbush J et al (2001) Minimum information about a microarray experiment (MIAME)-toward standards for microarray data. Nat Genet 29:365\u2013371","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"952_CR138","first-page":"105","volume":"145","author":"HP Ehrlich","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ehrlich HP, Desmouliere A, Diegelmann RF et al (1994) Morphological and immunochemical differences between keloid and hypertrophic scar. Am J Pathol 145:105\u2013113","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"952_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6954","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.2000.01828.x","volume":"267","author":"S Itoh","year":"2000","unstructured":"Itoh S, Itoh F, Goumans MJ et al (2000) Signaling of transforming growth factor-beta family members through Smad proteins. Eur J Biochem 267:6954\u20136967","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"}],"container-title":["Archives of Dermatological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00403-009-0952-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00403-009-0952-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00403-009-0952-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T20:01:32Z","timestamp":1684958492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00403-009-0952-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,10]]},"references-count":139,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]}},"alternative-id":["952"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00403-009-0952-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-3696","1432-069X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-3696","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-069X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,10]]}}}