{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T02:09:37Z","timestamp":1787623777729,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,24]],"date-time":"2018-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Almirall S.A."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dermatol Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-018-1825-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,24]],"date-time":"2018-03-24T07:04:14Z","timestamp":1521875054000},"page":"475-483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) vs. monoethyl fumarate (MEF) salts for the treatment of plaque psoriasis: a review of clinical data"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"310","author":[{"given":"Lilla","family":"Landeck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khusru","family":"Asadullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Amasuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignasi","family":"Pau-Charles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Mrowietz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"1825_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/s001050050401","volume":"47","author":"P Altmeyer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Altmeyer P, Hartwig R, Matthes U (1996) Efficacy and safety profile of fumaric acid esters in oral long-term therapy of severe psoriasis vulgaris. An investigation of 83 patients. Hautarzt 47:190\u2013196","journal-title":"Hautarzt"},{"key":"1825_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(94)70121-0","volume":"30","author":"PJ Altmeyer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Altmeyer PJ, Matthes U, Pawlak F, Hoffmann K, Frosch PJ, Ruppert P et al (1994) Antipsoriatic effect of fumaric acid derivatives: results of a multicenter double-blind study in 100 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 30:977\u2013981","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"1825_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.11.055","volume":"65","author":"A Menter","year":"2011","unstructured":"American Academy of Dermatology Work Group, Menter A, Korman NJ, Elmets CA, Feldman SR, Gelfand JM et al (2011) Guidelines of care for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Section 6. Guidelines of care for the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: case-based presentations and evidence-based conclusions. J Am Acad Dermatol 65:137\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.11.055","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"1825_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7412-x","volume":"261","author":"DL Arnold","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arnold DL, Gold R, Kappos L, Bar-Or A, Giovannoni G, Selmaj K et al (2014) Effects of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate on MRI measures in the Phase 3 DEFINE study. J Neurol 261:1794\u20131802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-014-7412-x","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"1825_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14676","volume":"175","author":"A Atwan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Atwan A, Ingram JR, Abbott R, Kelson MJ, Pickles T, Bauer A et al (2016) Oral fumaric acid esters for psoriasis: abridged Cochrane systematic review including GRADE assessments. Br J Dermatol 175:873\u2013881. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.14676","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"1825_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0007-0963.2004.05739.x","volume":"150","author":"P Balasubramaniam","year":"2004","unstructured":"Balasubramaniam P, Stevenson O, Berth-Jones J (2004) Fumaric acid esters in severe psoriasis, including experience of use in combination with other systemic modalities. Br J Dermatol 150:741\u2013746. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.0007-0963.2004.05739.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"1825_CR7","first-page":"279","volume":"38","author":"W Bayard","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bayard W, Hunziker T, Krebs A (1987) Fumaric acid derivates in oral long-term treatment of psoriasis. Hautarzt 38:279\u2013285","journal-title":"Hautarzt"},{"key":"1825_CR8","unstructured":"Biogen Inc (2016) Fachinformation. Fumaderm\u00ae initial; Fumaderm\u00ae. Biogen. https:\/\/www.wuensche.synology.me\/Wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fumarderm.pdf Accessed July 2017"},{"key":"1825_CR9","unstructured":"Biogen Inc (2017) TECFIDERA\u00ae (dimethyl fumarate) delayed-release capsules, for oral use. Biogen Inc. https:\/\/www.tecfidera.com\/content\/dam\/commercial\/multiple-sclerosis\/tecfidera\/pat\/en_us\/pdf\/full-prescribing-info.pdf . Accessed July 2017"},{"key":"1825_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0120254","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120254","volume":"10","author":"MS Brennan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brennan MS, Matos MF, Li B, Hronowski X, Gao B, Juhasz P et al (2015) Dimethyl fumarate and monoethyl fumarate exhibit differential effects on KEAP1, NRF2 activation, and glutathione depletion in vitro. PloS ONE 10:e0120254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0120254","journal-title":"PloS ONE"},{"issue":"4 Suppl 1","key":"1825_CR11","first-page":"AB52","volume":"68","author":"E Burden-Teh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Burden-Teh E, Lam M, Cohen S (2013) Fumaric acid esters to treat psoriasis: experience in a UK teaching hospital. J Am Acad Dermatol 68(4 Suppl 1):AB52","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"1825_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/09546630310019346","volume":"15","author":"I Carboni","year":"2004","unstructured":"Carboni I, De Felice C, De Simoni I, Soda R, Chimenti S (2004) Fumaric acid esters in the treatment of psoriasis: an Italian experience. J Dermatolog Treat 15:23\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09541440042000269","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"1825_CR13","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov (2015) A study of ixekizumab (LY2439821) in participants with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis naive to systemic treatment.\u00a0 https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02634801"},{"key":"1825_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0176955","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176955","volume":"12","author":"H Eppinga","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eppinga H, Thio HB, Schreurs MWJ, Blakaj B, Tahitu RI, Konstantinov SR et al (2017) Depletion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in psoriasis patients, restored by Dimethylfumarate therapy (DMF). PloS ONE 12:e0176955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0176955","journal-title":"PloS ONE"},{"key":"1825_CR15","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency (2017) Tecfidera: dimethyl fumarate. http:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/ema\/index.jsp?curl=pages\/medicines\/human\/medicines\/002601\/human_med_001657.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058001d124 Accessed July 2017"},{"key":"1825_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2012.04351.x","volume":"37","author":"K Heelan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Heelan K, Markham T (2012) Fumaric acid esters as a suitable first-line treatment for severe psoriasis: an Irish experience. Clin Exp Dermatol 37:793\u2013795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2012.04351.x","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"1825_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1159\/000017903","volume":"196","author":"S Hoxtermann","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hoxtermann S, Nuchel C, Altmeyer P (1998) Fumaric acid esters suppress peripheral CD4- and CD8-positive lymphocytes in psoriasis. Dermatology 196:223\u2013230","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"1825_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555572253255","volume":"72","author":"R Kiehl","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kiehl R, Ionescu G (1992) A defective purine nucleotide synthesis pathway in psoriatic patients. Acta Derm Venereol 72:253\u2013255","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"1825_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(08)80228-9","volume":"27","author":"DN Kolbach","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kolbach DN, Nieboer C (1992) Fumaric acid therapy in psoriasis: results and side effects of 2 years of treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 27:769\u2013771","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"1825_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.10.783","volume":"52","author":"A Langner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Langner A, Spellman M (2005) Results of a phase 2 dose-ranging and safety extension study of a novel oral fumarate, BG-12, in patients with severe psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 52:P193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.10.783","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"1825_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12954-6","volume":"361","author":"M Lebwohl","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lebwohl M (2003) Psoriasis. Lancet 361:1197\u20131204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12954-6","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1825_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-013-0394-8","volume":"13","author":"RA Linker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Linker RA, Gold R (2013) Dimethyl fumarate for treatment of multiple sclerosis: mechanism of action, effectiveness, and side effects. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 13:394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11910-013-0394-8","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"1825_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.8.11.1683","volume":"8","author":"RA Linker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Linker RA, Lee DH, Stangel M, Gold R (2008) Fumarates for the treatment of multiple sclerosis: potential mechanisms of action and clinical studies. Expert Rev Neurother 8:1683\u20131690","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"1825_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.12.032","volume":"60","author":"A Menter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Menter A, Korman NJ, Elmets CA, Feldman SR, Gelfand JM, Gordon KB et al (2009) Guidelines of care for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Section 3. Guidelines of care for the management and treatment of psoriasis with topical therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol 60:643\u2013659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.12.032","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"1825_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001360","volume":"84","author":"DH Miller","year":"2015","unstructured":"Miller DH, Fox RJ, Phillips JT, Hutchinson M, Havrdova E, Kita M et al (2015) Effects of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate on MRI measures in the phase 3 CONFIRM study. Neurology 84:1145\u20131152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001360","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1825_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2004.11.003","volume":"11","author":"U Mrowietz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mrowietz U, Asadullah K (2005) Dimethylfumarate for psoriasis: more than a dietary curiosity. Trends Mol Med 11:43\u201348","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"1825_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02124.x","volume":"138","author":"U Mrowietz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mrowietz U, Christophers E, Altmeyer P (1998) Treatment of psoriasis with fumaric acid esters: results of a prospective multicentre study. German Multicentre Study. Br J Dermatol 138:456\u2013460","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"1825_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.03034.x","volume":"141","author":"U Mrowietz","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mrowietz U, Christophers E, Altmeyer P (1999) Treatment of severe psoriasis with fumaric acid esters: scientific background and guidelines for therapeutic use. Br J Dermatol 141:424\u2013429","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"1825_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2017.11.002","volume":"39","author":"U Mrowietz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mrowietz U, Morrison PJ, Suhrkamp I, Kumanova M, Clement B (2018) The pharmacokinetics of fumaric acid esters reveal their in vivo effects. Trends Pharmacol Sci 39:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tips.2017.11.002","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"1825_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1307680","volume":"369","author":"U Mrowietz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mrowietz U, Reich K (2013) Case reports of PML in patients treated for psoriasis. N Engl J Med 369:1080\u20131081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMc1307680#SA1","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"1825_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"AB198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.11.831","volume":"54","author":"U Mrowietz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mrowietz U, Reich K, Spellman MC (2006) Efficacy, safety, and quality of life effects of a novel oral formulation of dimethyl fumarate in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: results of a phase 3 study. J Am Acad Dermatol 54(Suppl 3):AB198\u2013AB203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.11.831","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"1825_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14947","volume":"176","author":"U Mrowietz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mrowietz U, Szepietowski JC, Loewe R, van de Kerkhof P, Lamarca R, Ocker WG et al (2017) Efficacy and safety of LAS41008 (dimethyl fumarate) in adults with moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis: a randomized, double-blind, Fumaderm(R)\u2014and placebo-controlled trial (BRIDGE). Br J Dermatol 176:615\u2013623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.14947","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"1825_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13354","volume":"29","author":"A Nast","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nast A, Gisondi P, Ormerod AD, Saiag P, Smith C, Spuls PI et al (2015) European S3-Guidelines on the systemic treatment of psoriasis vulgaris\u2013Update 2015\u2013Short version\u2013EDF in cooperation with EADV and IPC. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 29:2277\u20132294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.13354","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"1825_CR34","unstructured":"National Clinical Guideline Centre (UK) (2012) Psoriasis: assessment and management. Clinical Guidance. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg153\/resources\/psoriasis-assessment-and-management-pdf-35109629621701 . Accessed July 2017"},{"key":"1825_CR35","unstructured":"Netherlands pharmacovigilance centre (2015) Dimethyl fumarate and progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML).\u00a0 http:\/\/databankws.lareb.nl\/Downloads\/KWB_2015_1_Dimethylfum.pdf . Accessed Jan 2018"},{"key":"1825_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1159\/000247856","volume":"181","author":"C Nieboer","year":"1990","unstructured":"Nieboer C, de Hoop D, Langendijk PN, van Loenen AC, Gubbels J (1990) Fumaric acid therapy in psoriasis: a double-blind comparison between fumaric acid compound therapy and monotherapy with dimethylfumaric acid ester. Dermatologica 181:33\u201337","journal-title":"Dermatologica"},{"key":"1825_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(89)70071-2","volume":"20","author":"C Nieboer","year":"1989","unstructured":"Nieboer C, de Hoop D, van Loenen AC, Langendijk PN, van Dijk E (1989) Systemic therapy with fumaric acid derivates: new possibilities in the treatment of psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 20:601\u2013608","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"1825_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03389.x","volume":"23","author":"D Pathirana","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pathirana D, Ormerod AD, Saiag P, Smith C, Spuls PI, Nast A et al. (2009) European S3-guidelines on the systemic treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 23(Suppl 2):1\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03389.x","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"1825_CR39","first-page":"103","volume":"13","author":"W Schweckendiek","year":"1959","unstructured":"Schweckendiek W (1959) Treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. Medizinische Monatsschrift 13:103\u2013104","journal-title":"Medizinische Monatsschrift"},{"key":"1825_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15707","volume":"177","author":"M Sticherling","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sticherling M, Mrowietz U, Augustin M, Thaci D, Melzer N, Hentschke C et al (2017) Secukinumab is superior to fumaric acid esters in treating patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis who are naive to systemic treatments: results from the randomized controlled PRIME trial. Br J Dermatol 177:1024\u20131032. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.15707","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"1825_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13098","volume":"171","author":"F Walker","year":"2014","unstructured":"Walker F, Adamczyk A, Kellerer C, Belge K, Bruck J, Berner T et al (2014) Fumaderm(R) in daily practice for psoriasis: dosing, efficacy and quality of life. Br J Dermatol 171:1197\u20131205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.13098","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"1825_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zweegers J, De Jong EM, Nijsten T, de Bes J, te Booij M, Borgonjen RJ et al (2014) Summary of the Dutch S3-Guidelines on the treatment of psoriasis 2011.\u00a0Dermatol Online J 20(3):1","DOI":"10.5070\/D3203021769"}],"container-title":["Archives of Dermatological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00403-018-1825-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00403-018-1825-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00403-018-1825-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T19:32:06Z","timestamp":1693596726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00403-018-1825-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,24]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1825"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00403-018-1825-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-3696","1432-069X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-3696","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-069X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 August 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 February 2018","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 March 2018","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2018","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"LL has no conflicts of interest to declare. KA is a stock holder and former employee of Bayer AG and has received financial support and\/or served as consultant, advisory board member, or speaker for AbbVie, Antabio, Almirall, EmertiPharma, Galderma, Leo, Loreal, Eli Lilly, and Novartis. IPC and AA are employees of Almirall S.A. UM has been an advisor and\/or received speakers honoraria and\/or received grants and\/or participated in clinical trials of the following companies: AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Biogen, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Celgene, Dr. Reddy\u2019s, Eli Lilly, Foamix, Formycon, Forward Pharma, Janssen, Leo Pharma, Medac, MSD, Novartis, VBL and Xenoport.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}