{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T14:38:46Z","timestamp":1789742326535,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,2]],"date-time":"2018-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004484","name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["93-02-27-25242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["93-02-27-25242"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dermatol Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-018-1872-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,2]],"date-time":"2018-11-02T03:20:40Z","timestamp":1541128840000},"page":"9-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Gene expression analysis of antimony resistance in Leishmania tropica using quantitative real-time PCR focused on genes involved in trypanothione metabolism and drug transport"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"311","author":[{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Mohebali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8634-5584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elham","family":"Kazemirad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Homa","family":"Hajjaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaheh","family":"Kazemirad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Oshaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Raoofian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aref","family":"Teimouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"1872_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182010001095","volume":"138","author":"V Adaui","year":"2011","unstructured":"Adaui V, Schnorbusch K, Zimic M, Guti\u00e9rrez A, Decuypere S, Vanaerschot M, DE Doncker S, Maes I, Llanos-Cuentas A, Chappuis F, Ar\u00e9valo J, Dujardin JC (2011) Comparison of gene expression patterns among Leishmania braziliensis clinical isolates showing a different in vitro susceptibility to pentavalent antimony. Parasitology 138:183\u2013193. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182010001095","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"1872_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671","volume":"7","author":"J Alvar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alvar J, V\u00e9lez ID, Bern C, Herrero M, Desjeux P, Cano J, Jannin J, den Boer M, The WHO Leishmaniasis Control Team (2012) Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PLoS One 7:e35671. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"1872_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1276-0","volume":"31","author":"S Antinori","year":"2012","unstructured":"Antinori S, Schifanella L, Corbellino M (2012) Leishmaniasis: new insights from an old and neglected disease. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 31(2):109\u2013118. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-011-1276-0","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"1872_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2011.06.004","volume":"179","author":"N Biyani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Biyani N, Singh AK, Mandal S, Chawla B, Madhubala R (2011) Differential expression of proteins in antimony-susceptible and -resistant isolates of Leishmania donovani. Mol Biochem Parasitol 179:91\u201399. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2011.06.004","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"1872_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.1.111-126.2006","volume":"19","author":"SL Croft","year":"2006","unstructured":"Croft SL, Sundar S, Fairlamb AH (2006) Drug resistance in leishmaniasis. Clin Microbiol Rev 19:111\u2013126. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.19.1.111-126.2006","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"1872_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20583.x","volume":"230","author":"ML Cunningham","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cunningham ML, Fairlamb AH (1995) Trypanothione reductase from Leishmania donovani. Purification, characterisation and inhibition by trivalent antimonials. Eur J Biochem 230:460\u2013468","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"1872_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4616","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.11.4616-4621.2005","volume":"49","author":"S Decuypere","year":"2005","unstructured":"Decuypere S, Rijal S, Yardley V, DE Doncker S, Laurent T, Khanal B, Chappuis F, Dujardin JC (2005) Gene expression analysis of the mechanism of natural Sb(V) resistance in Leishmania donovani isolates from Nepal. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49:4616\u20134621. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.49.11.4616-4621.2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"1872_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1167","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001167","volume":"5","author":"D Monte-Neto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Monte-Neto D, Coelho RL, Raymond AC, Legare F, Corbeil D, Melo J, Frezard MN, Ouellette F, M (2011) Gene expression profiling and molecular characterization of antimony resistance in Leishmania amazonensis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5:e1167. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001167","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"1872_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.5.1988-1993.2005","volume":"49","author":"K Fadili El","year":"2005","unstructured":"El Fadili K, Messier N, Leprohon P, Roy G, Guimond C, Trudel N, Saravia NG, Papadopoulou B, Legare D, Ouellette M (2005) Role of the ABC transporter MRPA (PGPA) in antimony resistance in Leishmania infantum axenic and intracellular amastigotes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49:1988\u20131993. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.49.5.1988-1993.2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"1872_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31010","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M403959200","volume":"279","author":"B Gourbal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gourbal B, Sonuc N, Bhattacharjee H, Legare D, Sundar S, Ouellette M, Rosen BP, Mukhopadhyay R (2004) Drug uptake and modulation of drug resistance in Leishmania by an aquaglyceroporin. J Biol Chem 279:31010\u201331017. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M403959200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1872_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3057","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.11.3057","volume":"16","author":"K Grondin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Grondin K, Haimeur A, Mukhopadhyay R, Rosen BP, Ouellette M (1997) Co-amplification of the \u03b3-glutamylcysteine synthetase gene gsh1 and of the ABC transporter gene pgpA in arsenite-resistant Leishmania tarentolae. EMBO J 16:3057\u20133065","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"1872_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e162","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030162","volume":"3","author":"R Hadighi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hadighi R, Mohebali M, Boucher P, Hajjaran H, Khamesipour A, Ouellette M (2006) Unresponsiveness to Glucantime treatment in Iranian cutaneous leishmaniasis due to drug-resistant Leishmania tropica parasites. PLoS Med 3:e162. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030162","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"1872_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01634.x","volume":"34","author":"A Haimeur","year":"2002","unstructured":"Haimeur A, Guimond C, Pilote S, Mukhopadhyay R, Rosen BP, Poulin R, Ouellette M (2002) Elevated levels of polyamines and trypanothione resulting from overexpression of the ornithine decarboxylase gene in arsenite-resistant Leishmania. Mol Microbiol 34:726\u2013735","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1872_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.26719\/2012.18.2.165","volume":"18","author":"H Hajjaran","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hajjaran H, Azarian B, Mohebali M, Hadighi R, Assareh A, Vaziri B (2012) Comparative proteomics study on meglumine antimoniate sensitive and resistant Leishmania tropica isolated from Iranian anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. East Mediterr Health J 18(2):165\u2013171","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"issue":"8","key":"1872_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4866","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02521-13","volume":"58","author":"F Jeddi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jeddi F, Mary C, Aoun K, Harrat Z, Bouratbine A, Faraut F, Benikhlef R, Pomares C, Pratlong F, Marty P, Piarroux R (2014) Heterogeneity of molecular resistance patterns in antimony-resistant field isolates of Leishmania species from the western Mediterranean area. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58(8):4866\u20134874. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.02521-13","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"1872_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2013.07.018","volume":"135","author":"E Kazemi-Rad","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kazemi-Rad E, Mohebali M, Khadem-Erfan MB, Saffari M, Raoofian R, Hajjaran H, Hadighi R, Khamesipour A, Rezaie S, Abedkhojasteh H, Heidari M (2013) Identification of antimony resistance markers in Leishmania tropica field isolates through a cDNA-AFLP approach. Exp Parasitol 135(2):344\u2013349. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exppara.2013.07.018","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"1872_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-012-2823-z","volume":"111","author":"D Kumar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kumar D, Singh R, Bhandari V, Kulshrestha A, Negi NS, Salotra P (2012) Biomarkers of antimony resistance: need for expression analysis of multiple genes to distinguish resistance phenotype in clinical isolates of Leishmania donovani. Parasitol Res 111:223\u2013230. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-012-2823-z","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"1872_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26301","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M102351200","volume":"276","author":"D L\u00e9gar\u00e9","year":"2001","unstructured":"L\u00e9gar\u00e9 D, Richard D, Mukhopadhyay R, Stierhof YD, Rosen BP, Haimeur A, Papadopoulou B, Ouellette M (2001) The Leishmania ATP-binding cassette protein PGPA is an intracellular metal-thiol transporter ATPase. J Biol Chem 276:26301\u201326307. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M102351200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1872_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","volume":"25","author":"KJ Livak","year":"2001","unstructured":"Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the \n                    \n                      \n                    \n                    $${2^{ - \\Delta \\Delta {C_{\\text{t}}}}}$$\n                    \n                      \n                        \n                          2\n                          \n                            -\n                            \u0394\n                            \u0394\n                            \n                              C\n                              t\n                            \n                          \n                        \n                      \n                    \n                   method. Methods 25:402\u2013408. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/meth.2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"1872_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp468","volume":"65","author":"S Mandal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mandal S, Maharjan M, Singh S, Chatterjee M, Madhubala R (2010) Assessing aquaglyceroporin gene status and expression profile in antimony-susceptible and -resistant clinical isolates of Leishmania donovani from India. J Antimicrob Chemother 65:496\u2013507. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkp468","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"1872_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04782.x","volume":"57","author":"N Marquis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Marquis N, Gourbal B, Rosen BP, Mukhopadhyay R, Ouellette M (2005) Modulation in aquaglyceroporin AQP1 gene transcript levels in drug-resistant Leishmania. Mol Microbiol 57:1690\u20131699. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04782.x","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1872_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-013-1395-9","volume":"306","author":"V Mashayekhi Goyonlo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mashayekhi Goyonlo V, Elnour H, Nordlind K (2014) Serotonin transporter protein overexpression and association to Th17 and T regulatory cells in lupoid leishmaniasis. Arch Dermatol Res 306(2):181\u2013188. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00403-013-1395-9","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1872_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.681","volume":"76","author":"MK Mittal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mittal MK, Rai S, Gupta S, Sundar S, Goyal N (2007) Characterization of natural antimony resistance in Leishmania donovani isolates. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76(4):681\u2013688","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"1872_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl494","volume":"59","author":"A Mukherjee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mukherjee A, Padmanabhan PK, Singh S, Roy G, Girard I, Chatterjee M, Ouellette M, Madhubala R (2007) Role of ABC transporter MRPA, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and ornithine decarboxylase in natural antimony-resistant isolates of Leishmania donovani. J Antimicrob Chemother 59:204\u2013211. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkl494","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"1872_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67629-5","volume":"366","author":"HW Murray","year":"2005","unstructured":"Murray HW, Berman JD, Davies CR, Saravia NG (2005) Advances in leishmaniasis. Lancet 366:1561\u20131577. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67629-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1872_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1515\/ap-2016-0011","volume":"61","author":"HR Nafchi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nafchi HR, Kazemi-Rad E, Mohebali M, Raoofian R, Ahmadpour NB, Oshaghi MA, Hajjaran H (2016) Expression analysis of viscerotropic leishmaniasis gene in Leishmania species by real-time RT-PCR. Acta Parasitol 61(1):93\u201397. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/ap-2016-0011","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1872_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1463","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001463","volume":"6","author":"M Plourde","year":"2012","unstructured":"Plourde M, Coelho A, Keynan Y, Larios OE, Ndao M, Ruest A, Roy G, Rubinstein E, Ouellette M (2012) Genetic polymorphisms and drug susceptibility in four isolates of Leishmania tropica obtained from Canadian soldiers returning from Afghanistan. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6(1):e1463. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001463","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"1872_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e74862","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074862","volume":"8","author":"S Rai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rai S, Bhaskar, Goel SK, Nath Dwivedi U, Sundar S, Goyal N (2013) Role of efflux pumps and intracellular thiols in natural antimony resistant isolates of Leishmania donovani. PLoS One 8(9):e74862. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0074862","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1872_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3097","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.12.3097","volume":"42","author":"D Sereno","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sereno D, Cavaleyra M, Zemzoumi K, Maquaire S, Ouaissi A, Lemesre J (1998) Axenically grown amastigotes of Leishmania infantum used as an in vitro model to investigate the pentavalent antimony mode of action. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 42:3097\u20133102","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"1872_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3971","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M005423200","volume":"276","author":"P Shaked-Mishan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shaked-Mishan P, Ulrich N, Ephros M, Zilberstein D (2001) Novel intracellular SbV reducing activity correlates with antimony susceptibility in Leishmania donovani. J Biol Chem 276:3971\u20133976. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M005423200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"10","key":"1872_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.26719\/2015.21.10.736","volume":"21","author":"MR Shirzadi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shirzadi MR, Esfahania SB, Mohebalia M, Ershadia MR, Gharachorlo F, Razavia MR, Postigo JA (2012) Epidemiological status of leishmaniasis in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1983\u20132012. East Mediterr Health J 21(10):736\u2013742","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"issue":"7","key":"1872_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-014-0596-1","volume":"17","author":"N Singh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Singh N, Chatterjee M, Sundar S (2014) The overexpression of genes of thiol metabolism contribute to drug resistance in clinical isolates of visceral leishmaniasis (kala azar) in India. Parasites Vectors 17(7):596. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-014-0596-1","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"issue":"6","key":"1872_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2010.05.006","volume":"10","author":"DC Torres","year":"2010","unstructured":"Torres DC, Adaui V, Ribeiro-Alves M, Romero GA, Ar\u00e9valo J, Cupolillo E, Dujardin JC (2010) Targeted gene expression profiling in Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania guyanensis parasites isolated from Brazilian patients with different antimonial treatment outcomes. Infect Genet Evol 10(6):727\u2013733. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2010.05.006","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"1872_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/s00775-003-0468-1","volume":"8","author":"S Yan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yan S, Li F, Ding K, Sun H (2003) Reduction of pentavalent antimony by trypanothione and formation of a binary and ternary complex of antimony(III) and trypanothione. J Biol Inorg Chem 8:689\u2013697. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00775-003-0468-1","journal-title":"J Biol Inorg Chem"}],"container-title":["Archives of Dermatological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00403-018-1872-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00403-018-1872-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00403-018-1872-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T20:24:58Z","timestamp":1572639898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00403-018-1872-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,2]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1872"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00403-018-1872-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-3696","1432-069X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-3696","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-069X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 February 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 October 2018","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 October 2018","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 November 2018","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Ethics Research Committee of the School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}