{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T15:27:44Z","timestamp":1780500464595,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]],"date-time":"2019-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550620800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian Postgraduate Award","award":["2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013"]}]},{"name":"Curtin University Postgraduate Scholarship","award":["2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dermatol Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-019-01899-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T21:43:44Z","timestamp":1550612624000},"page":"231-247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Clinical purpura and elastosis and their correlation with skin tears in an aged population"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"311","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7847-7552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. L.","family":"Rayner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. J.","family":"Carville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. D.","family":"Leslie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. S.","family":"Dhaliwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"1899_CR1","first-page":"2219","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of molecular mechanisms of disease","author":"NK Akhilender","year":"2009","unstructured":"Akhilender NK (2009) Vitamin C deficiency. In: Lang F (ed) Encyclopedia of molecular mechanisms of disease. Springer, Berlin, p\u00a02219"},{"key":"1899_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2005.00464.x","volume":"15","author":"NC Avery","year":"2005","unstructured":"Avery NC, Bailey AJ (2005) Enzymic and non-enzymic cross-linking mechanisms in relation to turnover of collagen: relevance to aging and exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports 15:231\u2013240","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"1899_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1987.01660360066014","volume":"123","author":"S Beauregard","year":"1987","unstructured":"Beauregard S, Gilchrest BA (1987) A survey of skin problems and skin care regimens in the elderly. Arch Dermatol 123:1638\u20131643","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"1899_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1996.tb01156.x","volume":"135","author":"EF Bernstein","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bernstein EF, Underhill CB, Hahn PJ, Brown DB, Uitto J (1996) Chronic sun exposure alters both the content and distribution of dermal glycosaminoglycans. Br J Dermatol 135:255\u2013262","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"1899_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.02.014","volume":"32","author":"C Bila\u00e7","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bila\u00e7 C, \u015eahin MT, \u00d6zt\u00fcrkcan S (2014) Chronic actinic damage of facial skin. Clin Dermatol 32:752\u2013762","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"1899_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17111","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1206851109","volume":"109","author":"K Biniek","year":"2012","unstructured":"Biniek K, Levi K, Dauskardt RH (2012) Solar UV radiation reduces the barrier function of human skin. Proc Natl Acad Sci 109:17111\u201317116","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"1899_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurger.2011.05.011","volume":"2","author":"J Blaak","year":"2011","unstructured":"Blaak J, L\u00fcttje D, John SM, Sch\u00fcrer NY (2011) Irritability of the skin barrier: a comparison of chronologically aged and photo-aged skin in elderly and young adults. Eur Geriatr Med 2:208\u2013211","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"key":"1899_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2010.03.004","volume":"29","author":"J Candiello","year":"2010","unstructured":"Candiello J, Cole GJ, Halfter W (2010) Age-dependent changes in the structure, composition and biophysical properties of a human basement membrane. Matrix Biol 29:402\u2013410","journal-title":"Matrix Biol"},{"key":"1899_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02937247","volume":"159","author":"F Carey","year":"1990","unstructured":"Carey F, Hogan J (1990) The relationship of sun exposure and solar elastosis to skin cancer in a high risk population. Ir J Med Sci 159:44\u201347","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"key":"1899_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12326","volume":"11","author":"K Carville","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carville K, Leslie G, Osseiran-Moisson R, Newall N, Lewin G (2014) The effectiveness of a twice-daily skin-moisturising regimen for reducing the incidence of skin tears. Int Wound J 11:446\u2013453","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"1899_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2008.01.012","volume":"43","author":"H Corstjens","year":"2008","unstructured":"Corstjens H, Dicanio D, Muizzuddin N, Neven A, Sparacio R, Declercq L et al (2008) Glycation associated skin autofluorescence and skin elasticity are related to chronological age and body mass index of healthy subjects. Exp Gerontol 43:663\u2013667","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"1899_CR12","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Rook\u2019s textbook of dermatology","author":"NH Cox","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cox NH, Piette WW (2010) Purpura and microvascular occlusion. In: Burns T, Breathnach S, Cox N, Griffiths C (eds) Rook\u2019s textbook of dermatology. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, pp\u00a01\u201351"},{"key":"1899_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2006.00621.x","volume":"34","author":"TA Silva da","year":"2007","unstructured":"da Silva TA, Coelho G, Lorenzetti Bocca A, Figueiredo Cavalcante Neto F (2007) Expression of apoptotic, cell proliferation regulatory, and structural proteins in actinic keratosis and their association with dermal elastosis. J Cutan Pathol 34:315\u2013323","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"1899_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00122.x","volume":"127","author":"D Darr","year":"1992","unstructured":"Darr D, Combs S, Dunston S, Manning T, Pinnell S (1992) Topical vitamin C protects porcine skin from ultraviolet radiation-induced damage. Br J Dermatol 127:247\u2013253","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"1899_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.1.231","volume":"19","author":"SAE Hertog De","year":"2001","unstructured":"De Hertog SAE, Wensveen CAH, Bastiaens MT, Kielich CJ, Berkhout MJP, Westendorp RGJ et al (2001) Relation between smoking and skin cancer. J Clin Oncol 19:231\u2013238","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1899_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12319741","volume":"93","author":"J Rigal de","year":"1989","unstructured":"de Rigal J, Escoffier C, Querleux B, Faivre B, Agache P, L\u00e9v\u00eaque J-L (1989) Assessment of aging of the human skin by in vivo ultrasonic imaging. J Invest Dermatol 93:621\u2013625","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"1899_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0412-5463.2001.00105.x","volume":"23","author":"S Diridollou","year":"2001","unstructured":"Diridollou S, Vabre V, Berson M, Vaillant L, Black D, Lagarde J et al (2001) Skin ageing: changes of physical properties of human skin in vivo. Int J Cosmet Sci 23:353\u2013362","journal-title":"Int J Cosmet Sci"},{"key":"1899_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-12589-3_5","volume-title":"Daily routine in cosmetic dermatology","author":"SMB Dur\u00e3es","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dur\u00e3es SMB, Fonseca RR, Issa MCA (2017) Approach in photodamaged skin, melasma, acne, and rosacea. In: Issa MCA, Tamura B (eds) Daily routine in cosmetic dermatology. Springer, Cham, pp\u00a067\u201399"},{"key":"1899_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-202X(89)90058-4","volume":"93","author":"C Escoffier","year":"1989","unstructured":"Escoffier C, de Rigal J, Rochefort A, Vasselet R, L\u00e9v\u00eaque J-L, Agache PG (1989) Age-related mechanical properties of human skin: an in vivo study. J Invest Dermatol 93:353\u2013357","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"1899_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S44686","volume":"6","author":"F Flament","year":"2013","unstructured":"Flament F, Bazin R, Laquieze S, Rubert V, Simonpietri E, Piot B (2013) Effect of the sun on visible clinical signs of aging in Caucasian skin. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 6:221\u2013232","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"1899_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-1811(96)00559-2","volume":"14","author":"B Forslind","year":"1997","unstructured":"Forslind B, Engstr\u00f6m S, Engblom J, Norl\u00e9n L (1997) A novel approach to the understanding of human skin barrier function. J Dermatol Sci 14:115\u2013125","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"1899_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2009.00363.x","volume":"15","author":"L-C Gerhardt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gerhardt L-C, Lenz A, Spencer ND, M\u00fcnzer T, Derler S (2009) Skin-textile friction and skin elasticity in young and aged persons. Skin Res Technol 15:288\u2013298","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"key":"1899_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-89656-2_65","volume-title":"Textbook of aging skin","author":"F Giusti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Giusti F, Seidenari S (2010) Bioengineering methods and skin aging. In: Farage MA, Miller KW, Maibach HI (eds) Textbook of aging skin. Springer, Berlin, pp\u00a0677\u2013685"},{"key":"1899_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.22028","volume":"4","author":"P Gkogkolou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gkogkolou P, B\u00f6hm M (2012) Advanced glycation end products: key players in skin aging? Dermatoendocrinol 4:259\u2013270","journal-title":"Dermatoendocrinol"},{"key":"1899_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02506.x","volume":"139","author":"M Gniadecka","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gniadecka M, Jemec GB (1998) Quantitative evaluation of chronological ageing and photoageing in vivo: studies on skin echogenicity and thickness. Br J Dermatol 139:815\u2013821","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"1899_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1517096113","volume":"113","author":"L Gorisse","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gorisse L, Pietrement C, Vuiblet V, Schmelzer CE, K\u00f6hler M, Duca L et al (2016) Protein carbamylation is a hallmark of aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113:1191\u20131196","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1899_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1992.tb16986.x","volume":"127","author":"CEM Griffiths","year":"1992","unstructured":"Griffiths CEM (1992) The clinical identification and quantification of photodamage. Br J Dermatol 127:37\u201342","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"1899_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/WON.0b013e3181c68c89","volume":"37","author":"M Groom","year":"2010","unstructured":"Groom M, Shannon RJ, Chakravarthy D, Fleck CA (2010) An evaluation of costs and effects of a nutrient-based skin care program as a component of prevention of skin tears in an extended convalescent center. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 37:46\u201351","journal-title":"J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs"},{"key":"1899_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12365.x","volume":"121","author":"JP Hachem","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hachem JP, Crumrine D, Fluhr J, Brown BE, Feingold KR, Elias PM (2003) pH directly regulates epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis, and stratum corneum integrity\/cohesion. J Invest Dermatol 121:345\u2013353","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"1899_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4466","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.13495","volume":"282","author":"W Halfter","year":"2015","unstructured":"Halfter W, Oertle P, Monnier CA, Camenzind L, Reyes-Lua M, Hu H et al (2015) New concepts in basement membrane biology. FEBS J 282:4466\u20134479","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"1899_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12286474","volume":"108","author":"A Haratake","year":"1997","unstructured":"Haratake A, Uchida Y, Mimura K, Elias PM, Holleran WM (1997) Intrinsically aged epidermis displays diminished UVB-Induced alterations in barrier function associated with decreased proliferation. J Invest Dermatol 108:319\u2013323","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"1899_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1159\/000362589","volume":"6","author":"JK Heng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Heng JK, Aw DCW, Tan KB (2014) Solar elastosis in its papular form: uncommon, mistakable. Case Rep Dermatol 6:124\u2013128","journal-title":"Case Rep Dermatol"},{"key":"1899_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.1997.tb00214.x","volume":"13","author":"WM Holleran","year":"1997","unstructured":"Holleran WM, Uchida Y, Halkier-Sorensen L, Haratake A, Hara M, Epstein JH et al (1997) Structural and biochemical basis for the UVB-induced alterations in epidermal barrier function. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 13:117\u2013128","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"key":"1899_CR34","unstructured":"Hopkins WG (2002) A new view of statistics. A scale of magnitudes for effect statistics. \n                    http:\/\/www.sportsci.org\/resource\/stats\/effectmag.html\n                    \n                  . Accessed 22 Sep 2016"},{"key":"1899_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2012.00661.x","volume":"28","author":"MC Hughes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hughes MC, Strutton GM, Fourtanier A, Green AC (2012) Validation of skin surface microtopography as a measure of skin photoaging in a subtropical population aged 40 and over. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 28:153\u2013158","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"key":"1899_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14525","volume":"32","author":"P Humbert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Humbert P, Fanian F, Lihoreau T, Jeudy A, Pierard GE (2018) Bateman purpura (dermatoporosis): a localized scurvy treated by topical vitamin C\u2014double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 32:323\u2013328","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"1899_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e383","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14980","volume":"32","author":"P Humbert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Humbert P, Louvrier L (2018) Photoexposed skin, skin ageing, Bateman\u2019s purpura and local vitamin C deficiency. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 32:e383\u2013e384","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"1899_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1201\/b16716-12","volume-title":"Handbook of cosmetic science and technology","author":"B Imhof","year":"2014","unstructured":"Imhof B, McFeat G (2014) Evaluation of the barrier function of skin using transepidermal water loss (TEWL). In: Barel AO, Paye M, Maibach HI (eds) Handbook of cosmetic science and technology, 4th\u00a0edn. CRC Press, Florida, pp\u00a0131\u2013139. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/b16716-12","edition":"4"},{"key":"1899_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07575.x","volume":"156","author":"M Just","year":"2007","unstructured":"Just M, Ribera M, Monso E, Lorenzo J, Ferrandiz C (2007) Effect of smoking on skin elastic fibres: morphometric and immunohistochemical analysis. Br J Dermatol 156:85\u201391","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"1899_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwk055","volume":"165","author":"MR Karagas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Karagas MR, Zens MS, Nelson HH, Mabuchi K, Perry AE, Stukel TA et al (2007) Measures of cumulative exposure from a standardized sun exposure history questionnaire: a comparison with histologic assessment of solar skin damage. Am J Epidemiol 165:719\u2013726","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"1899_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12092.x","volume":"120","author":"C Kennedy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kennedy C, Bastiaens MT, Willemze R, Bouwes Bavinck JN, Bajdik CD, Westendorp RGJ (2003) Effect of smoking and sun on the aging skin. J Invest Dermatol 120:548\u2013554","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"1899_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-008-9165-3","volume":"10","author":"A Knott","year":"2009","unstructured":"Knott A, Reuschlein K, Lucius R, St\u00e4b F, Wenck H, Gallinat S (2009) Deregulation of versican and elastin binding protein in solar elastosis. Biogerontology 10:181\u2013190","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"1899_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12251","volume":"13","author":"Y Koyano","year":"2014","unstructured":"Koyano Y, Nakagami G, Iizaka S, Minematsu T, Noguchi H, Tamai N et al (2014) Exploring the prevalence of skin tears and skin properties related to skin tears in elderly patients at a long-term medical facility in Japan. Int Wound J 13:189\u2013197","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"1899_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12675","volume":"14","author":"Y Koyano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koyano Y, Nakagami G, Iizaka S, Sugama J, Sanada H (2017) Skin property can predict the development of skin tears among elderly patients: a prospective cohort study. Int Wound J 14:691\u2013697","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"1899_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116601","DOI":"10.1088\/0034-4885\/75\/11\/116601","volume":"75","author":"B Ladoux","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ladoux B, Nicolas A (2012) Physically based principles of cell adhesion mechanosensitivity in tissues. Rep Prog Phys 75:116601. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0034-4885\/75\/11\/116601","journal-title":"Rep Prog Phys"},{"key":"1899_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2012.01451.x","volume":"21","author":"SG Lagarrigue","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lagarrigue SG, George J, Questel E, Lauze C, Meyer N, Lagarde J-M et al (2012) In vivo quantification of epidermis pigmentation and dermis papilla density with reflectance confocal microscopy: variations with age and skin phototype. Exp Dermatol 21:281\u2013286","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"1899_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1990.tb16119.x","volume":"122","author":"CM Lapi\u00e8re","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lapi\u00e8re CM (1990) The ageing dermis: the main cause for the appearance of \u2018old\u2019 skin. Br J Dermatol 122:5\u201311","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"1899_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000405316.99011.95","volume":"24","author":"KA LeBlanc","year":"2011","unstructured":"LeBlanc KA, Baranoski S (2011) Skin tears: state of the science: consensus statements for the prevention, prediction, assessment, and treatment of skin tears. Adv Skin Wound Care 24:2\u201315","journal-title":"Adv Skin Wound Care"},{"key":"1899_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1097\/WON.0b013e3182a9c111","volume":"40","author":"KA LeBlanc","year":"2013","unstructured":"LeBlanc KA, Christensen D, Cook J, Culhane B, Gutierrez O (2013) Prevalence of skin tears in a long-term care facility. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 40:580\u2013584. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WON.0b013e3182a9c111","journal-title":"J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs"},{"key":"1899_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0906-6705.2005.00263.x","volume":"14","author":"N L\u00e9v\u00eaque","year":"2005","unstructured":"L\u00e9v\u00eaque N, Mac-Mary S, Muret P, Makki S, Aubin F, Kantelip J-P et al (2005) Evaluation of a sunscreen photoprotective effect by ascorbic acid assessment in human dermis using microdialysis and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Exp Dermatol 14:176\u2013181","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"1899_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12490","volume":"13","author":"GF Lewin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lewin GF, Newall N, Alan JJ, Carville KJ, Santamaria NM, Roberts PA (2016) Identification of risk factors associated with the development of skin tears in hospitalised older persons: a case\u2013control study. Int Wound J 13:1246\u20131251","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"1899_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2009.2033464","volume":"57","author":"X Liang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liang X, Boppart SA (2010) Biomechanical properties of in vivo human skin from dynamic optical coherence elastography. IEEE Trans Bio-Med Eng 57:953\u2013959","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Bio-Med Eng"},{"key":"1899_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb03599.x","volume":"39","author":"ML Malone","year":"1991","unstructured":"Malone ML, Rozario N, Gavinski M, Goodwin J (1991) The epidemiology of skin tears in the institutionalized elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 39:591\u2013595","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"1899_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s004030050293","volume":"290","author":"T Mauro","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mauro T, Holleran WM, Grayson S, Gao WN, Man MQ, Kriehuber E et al (1998) Barrier recovery is impeded at neutral pH, independent of ionic effects: implications for extracellular lipid processing. [Erratum appears in Archives of Dermatological Research 1998 Jul 290(7):405]. Arch Dermatol Res 290:215\u2013222","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"1899_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1562\/0031-8655(1999)069<0317:CAIUIS>2.3.CO;2","volume":"69","author":"S Meguro","year":"1999","unstructured":"Meguro S, Aral Y, Masukawa K, Uie K, Tokimitsu I (1999) Stratum corneum lipid abnormalities in UVB-irradiated skin. Photochem Photobiol 69:317\u2013321","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"1899_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-43157-4_5","volume-title":"Skin stress response pathways: environmental factors and molecular opportunities","author":"KT Mellody","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mellody KT, Bell M, Sherratt MJ (2016) The skin extracellular matrix as a target of environmental exposure: molecular mechanisms, prevention and repair. In: Wondrak GT (ed) Skin stress response pathways: environmental factors and molecular opportunities. Springer, Cham, pp\u00a0101\u2013125"},{"key":"1899_CR57","volume-title":"Performing data analysis using IBM SPSS","author":"LS Meyers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meyers LS, Gamst GC, Guarino A (2013) Performing data analysis using IBM SPSS. Wiley, New Jersey"},{"key":"1899_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000448461.25542.36","volume":"27","author":"T Minematsu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Minematsu T, Horii M, Oe M, Sugama J, Mugita Y, Huang L et al (2014) Skin blotting: a noninvasive technique for evaluating physiological skin status. Adv Skin Wound Care 27:272\u2013279","journal-title":"Adv Skin Wound Care"},{"key":"1899_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(89)70276-0","volume":"21","author":"W Montagna","year":"1989","unstructured":"Montagna W, Kirchner S, Carlisle K (1989) Histology of sun-damaged human skin. J Am Acad Dermatol 21:907\u2013918","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"1899_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-03970-1_10","volume-title":"Mechanical properties of aging soft tissues","author":"K Moronkeji","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moronkeji K, Akhtar R (2015) Mechanical properties of aging human skin. In: Derby B, Akhtar R (eds) Mechanical properties of aging soft tissues. Springer, Berlin, pp\u00a0237\u2013263. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-03970-1_10"},{"key":"1899_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2011.04.011","volume":"69","author":"EC Naylor","year":"2011","unstructured":"Naylor EC, Watson REB, Sherratt MJ (2011) Molecular aspects of skin ageing. Maturitas 69:249\u2013256","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"1899_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12561","volume":"14","author":"N Newall","year":"2017","unstructured":"Newall N, Lewin GF, Bulsara MK, Carville KJ, Leslie GD, Roberts PA (2017) The development and testing of a skin tear risk assessment tool. Int Wound J 14:97\u2013103","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"1899_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2017.07.007","volume":"21","author":"SR Nussbaum","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nussbaum SR, Carter MJ, Fife CE, DaVanzo J, Haught R, Nusgart M et al (2018) An economic evaluation of the impact, cost, and medicare policy implications of chronic nonhealing wounds. Value Health 21:27\u201332","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"1899_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-57111-9_1179","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of clinical neuropsychology","author":"MJL Page","year":"2018","unstructured":"Page MJL (2018) Chi-square. In: Kreutzer J, DeLuca J, Caplan B (eds) Encyclopedia of clinical neuropsychology. Springer, Cham, p\u00a0764. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-57111-9"},{"key":"1899_CR65","first-page":"112","volume":"1","author":"H Pageon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pageon H, Poum\u00e8s-Ballihaut C, Zucchi H, Bastien P, Tancrede E, Asselineau D (2013) Aged human skin is more susceptible than young skin to accumulate advanced glycoxidation products induced by sun exposure. J Aging Sci 1:112","journal-title":"J Aging Sci"},{"key":"1899_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1089\/biores.2014.0053","volume":"4","author":"H Pageon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pageon H, Zucchi H, Dai Z, Sell DR, Strauch CM, Monnier VM et al (2015) Biological effects induced by specific advanced glycation end products in the reconstructed skin model of aging. BioRes Open Access 4:54\u201364","journal-title":"BioRes Open Access"},{"key":"1899_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1088\/0143-0815\/12\/2\/001","volume":"12","author":"PA Payne","year":"1991","unstructured":"Payne PA (1991) Measurement of properties and function of skin. Clin Phys Physiol Meas 12:105. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0143-0815\/12\/2\/001","journal-title":"Clin Phys Physiol Meas"},{"key":"1899_CR68","first-page":"26","volume":"26","author":"R Payne","year":"1990","unstructured":"Payne R, Martin M (1990) The epidemiology and management of skin tears in older adults. Ostomy Wound Manage 26:26\u201337","journal-title":"Ostomy Wound Manage"},{"key":"1899_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-89656-2_5","volume-title":"Textbook of aging skin","author":"C Raschke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Raschke C, Elsner P (2010) Skin aging: a brief summary of characteristic change. In: Farage MA, Miller KW, Maibach HI (eds) Textbook of aging skin. Springer, Berlin, pp\u00a037\u201343. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-89656-2_5"},{"key":"1899_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1396-0296.2004.04S1005.x","volume":"17","author":"AV Rawlings","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rawlings AV, Harding CR (2004) Moisturization and skin barrier function. Dermatol Ther 17:43\u201348","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"1899_CR71","unstructured":"Rayner R, Carville K, Leslie G, Dhaliwal SS (2018) Skin tear risk associated with aged care residents: a cross-sectional study. Wound Pract Res 26:127\u2013135. \n                    https:\/\/search.informit.com.au\/documentSummary;dn=912822019509019;res=IELHEA;type=pdf"},{"key":"1899_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12985","volume":"16","author":"R Rayner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rayner R, Carville K, Leslie G, Dhaliwal SS (2019) A risk model for the prediction of skin tears in aged care residents: a prospective cohort study. Int Wound J 16:52\u201363","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"1899_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12621","volume":"14","author":"R Rayner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rayner R, Carville K, Leslie G, Dhaliwal SS (2017) Measurement of morphological and physiological skin properties in aged care residents: a test\u2013retest reliability pilot study. Int Wound J 14:420\u2013429","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"1899_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2015.24.9.406","volume":"24","author":"R Rayner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rayner R, Carville K, Leslie G, Roberts P (2015) A review of patient and skin characteristics associated with skin tears. J Wound Care 24:406\u2013414","journal-title":"J Wound Care"},{"key":"1899_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.1996.tb00206.x","volume":"2","author":"JJ Reynolds","year":"1996","unstructured":"Reynolds JJ (1996) Collagenases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases: a functional balance in tissue degradation. Oral Dis 2:70\u201376","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"1899_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-016-0185-5","volume":"17","author":"RR Riahi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Riahi RR, Bush AE, Cohen PR (2016) Topical retinoids: therapeutic mechanisms in the treatment of photodamaged skin. Am J Clin Dermatol 17:265\u2013276","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"1899_CR77","first-page":"164","volume":"10","author":"S Richard","year":"1994","unstructured":"Richard S, de Rigal J, de Lacharriere O, Berardesca E, L\u00e9v\u00eaque J-L (1994) Noninvasive measurement of the effect of lifetime exposure to the sun on the aged skin. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 10:164\u2013169","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"key":"1899_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a015370","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a015370","volume":"5","author":"L Ritti\u00e9","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ritti\u00e9 L, Fisher GJ (2015) Natural and sun-induced aging of human skin. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 5:a015370. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a015370","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"1899_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1159\/000056341","volume":"14","author":"V Rogiers","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rogiers V (2001) EEMCO guidance for the assessment of transepidermal water loss in cosmetic sciences. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 14:117\u2013128. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000056341","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"1899_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12405","volume":"15","author":"H Sanada","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sanada H, Nakagami G, Koyano Y, Iizaka S, Sugama J (2015) Incidence of skin tears in the extremities among elderly patients at a long-term medical facility in Japan: a prospective cohort study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 15:1058\u20131063","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"1899_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-004-0454-7","volume":"295","author":"J Sandby-M\u00f8ller","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sandby-M\u00f8ller J, Thieden E, Philipsen PA, Schmidt G, Wulf HC (2004) Dermal echogenicity: a biological indicator of individual cumulative UVR exposure? Arch Dermatol Res 295:498\u2013504","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"1899_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700269","volume":"126","author":"T Sch\u00e4fer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sch\u00e4fer T, Merkl J, Klemm E, Wichmann H-E, Ring J, The Kora Study Group (2006) The epidemiology of nevi and signs of skin aging in the adult general population: results of the KORA-survey 2000. J Invest Dermatol 126:1490\u20131496","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"1899_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115204","volume":"87","author":"SD Shapiro","year":"1991","unstructured":"Shapiro SD, Endicott SK, Province MA, Pierce JA, Campbell EJ (1991) Marked longevity of human lung parenchymal elastic fibers deduced from prevalence of d-aspartate and nuclear weapons-related radiocarbon. J Clin Invest 87:1828\u20131834","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"1899_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-6612.2005.00084.x","volume":"24","author":"DR Smith","year":"2005","unstructured":"Smith DR, Leggat PA (2005) Prevalence of skin disease among the elderly in different clinical environments. Australas J Ageing 24:71\u201376. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1741-6612.2005.00084.x","journal-title":"Australas J Ageing"},{"key":"1899_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.01.043","volume":"69","author":"LA Thornsberry","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thornsberry LA, LoSicco KI, English IIIJC (2013) The skin and hypercoagulable states. J Am Acad Dermatol 69:450\u2013462","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"1899_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12315","volume":"90","author":"Y Tian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tian Y, Liu W, Niu T, Dai C, Li X, Cui C et al (2014) The injury and cumulative effects on human skin by UV exposure from artificial fluorescence emission. Photochem Photobiol 90:1433\u20131438","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"1899_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtv.2016.03.002","volume":"26","author":"DJ Tobin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tobin DJ (2017) Introduction to skin aging. J Tissue Viability 26:37\u201346","journal-title":"J Tissue Viability"},{"key":"1899_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.22519","volume":"4","author":"F Tsatsou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tsatsou F, Trakatelli M, Patsatsi A, Kalokasidis K, Sotiriadis D (2012) Extrinsic aging: UV-mediated skin carcinogenesis. Dermatoendocrinol 4:285\u2013297","journal-title":"Dermatoendocrinol"},{"key":"1899_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39027","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M006700200","volume":"275","author":"N Verzijl","year":"2000","unstructured":"Verzijl N, DeGroot J, Thorpe SR, Bank RA, Shaw JN, Lyons TJ et al (2000) Effect of collagen turnover on the accumulation of advanced glycation end products. J Biol Chem 275:39027\u201339031","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1899_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0909-752X.2006.00146.x","volume":"12","author":"JM Waller","year":"2006","unstructured":"Waller JM, Maibach HI (2006) Age and skin structure and function, a quantitative approach (II): protein, glycosaminoglycan, water, and lipid content and structure. Skin Res Technol 12:145\u2013154","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"key":"1899_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4572(09)90025-8","volume":"15","author":"MW White","year":"1994","unstructured":"White MW, Karam S, Cowell B (1994) Skin tears in frail elders: a practical approach to prevention. Geriatr Nurs 15:95\u201399","journal-title":"Geriatr Nurs"},{"key":"1899_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(01)00201-9","volume":"63","author":"M Wlaschek","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wlaschek M, Tantcheva-Po\u00f3r I, Naderi L, Ma W, Schneider LA, Razi-Wolf Z et al (2001) Solar UV irradiation and dermal photoaging. J Photochem Photobiol B 63:41\u201351","journal-title":"J Photochem Photobiol B"},{"key":"1899_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3109\/9781420019964-8","volume-title":"The chronic effects of ultraviolet radiation on the skin: photoagingPhotodermatology","author":"M Yaar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yaar M (2007) The chronic effects of ultraviolet radiation on the skin: photoaging. In: Lim HW, H\u00f6nigsmann H, Hawk JLM (eds) Photodermatology. Informa Healthcare, New York, pp\u00a091\u2013106. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/9781420019964-8"},{"key":"1899_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.24659\/gsr.2.4_182","volume":"2","author":"Y Yonei","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yonei Y, Takabe W, Yagi M (2015) Photoaging and glycation of elastin: effect on skin. Glycative Stress Res 2:182\u2013190. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24659\/gsr.2.4_182","journal-title":"Glycative Stress Res"}],"container-title":["Archives of Dermatological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00403-019-01899-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00403-019-01899-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00403-019-01899-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T19:12:37Z","timestamp":1582139557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00403-019-01899-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1899"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00403-019-01899-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-3696","1432-069X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-3696","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-069X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 December 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 February 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 February 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"R. Rayner was a recipient of a 2013 Australian Postgraduate Award, Curtin University Postgraduate Scholarship, and a Wound Management Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) PhD stipend. The School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, and the Silver Chain Group, Western Australia are participants in the Wound Management Innovation CRC. No conflict of interest exists among the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}