{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T01:24:55Z","timestamp":1787793895848,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Dermatol Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-020-02133-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T20:02:32Z","timestamp":1599076952000},"page":"539-547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Clinical evaluation of efficacy and tolerability of cysteamine 5% cream in comparison with tranexamic acid mesotherapy in subjects with melasma: a single-blind, randomized clinical trial study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"313","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Karrabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Mansournia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Sharestanaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeganeh","family":"Abdollahnejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9577-9018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Sahebkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2133_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(81)70071-9","volume":"4","author":"NP Sanchez","year":"1981","unstructured":"Sanchez NP et al (1981) Melasma: a clinical, light microscopic, ultrastructural, and immunofluorescence study. J Am Acad Dermatol 4:698\u2013710","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2133_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.143.3.424","volume":"143","author":"KD Werlinger","year":"2007","unstructured":"Werlinger KD et al (2007) Prevalence of self-diagnosed melasma among premenopausal Latino women in Dallas and Fort Worth. Tex Arch Dermatol 143:423\u2013431","journal-title":"Tex Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"2133_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.06.001","volume":"65","author":"VM Sheth","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sheth VM, Pandya AG (2011) Melasma: a comprehensive update: part II. J Am Acad Dermatol 65:699\u2013714","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2133_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsi.2014.09.006","volume":"32","author":"A-Y Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee A-Y (2014) An updated review of melasma pathogenesis. Dermatologica Sinica 32:233\u2013239","journal-title":"Dermatologica Sinica"},{"key":"2133_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12049","volume":"27","author":"T Passeron","year":"2013","unstructured":"Passeron T (2013) Melasma pathogenesis and influencing factors\u2013an overview of the latest research. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 27:5\u20136","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2133_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03295.x","volume":"23","author":"J Ortonne","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ortonne J et al (2009) Abstract. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 23:1254\u20131262","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2133_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.80416","volume":"56","author":"A Achar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Achar A, Rathi SK (2011) Melasma: a clinico-epidemiological study of 312 cases. Indian journal of dermatology 56:380","journal-title":"Indian journal of dermatology"},{"key":"2133_CR8","first-page":"21","volume":"9","author":"O Harumi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harumi O, Goh CL (2016) The effect of melasma on the quality of life in a sample of women living in Singapore. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 9:21","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"2133_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-017-0194-1","volume":"7","author":"OA Ogbechie-Godec","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ogbechie-Godec OA, Elbuluk N (2017) Melasma: an up-to-date comprehensive review. Dermatol Ther 7:305\u2013318","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"2133_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000001518","volume":"44","author":"HR Bala","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bala HR et al (2018) Oral tranexamic acid for the treatment of melasma: a review. Dermatol Surg 44:814\u2013825","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"2133_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2077.118403","volume":"6","author":"L Budamakuntla","year":"2013","unstructured":"Budamakuntla L et al (2013) A randomised, open-label, comparative study of tranexamic acid microinjections and tranexamic acid with microneedling in patients with melasma. Journal of cutaneous and aesthetic surgery 6:139","journal-title":"Journal of cutaneous and aesthetic surgery"},{"key":"2133_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12026","volume":"12","author":"TW Tse","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tse TW, Hui E (2013) Tranexamic acid: an important adjuvant in the treatment of melasma. J Cosmet Dermatol 12:57\u201366","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"2133_CR13","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"F Iraji","year":"2019","unstructured":"Iraji F et al (2019) Efficacy of mesotherapy with tranexamic acid and ascorbic acid with and without glutathione in treatment of melasma: a split face comparative trial. J Cosmet Dermatol 2:1\u20136","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"2133_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsu, C., et al. (2013) Cysteamine cream as a new skin depigmenting product. Journal of the J Am Acad Dermatol 68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.12.781"},{"key":"2133_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00826.x","volume":"114","author":"L Qiu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Qiu L et al (2000) Inhibition of melanin synthesis by cystamine in human melanoma cells. J Invest Dermatol 114:21\u201327","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2133_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2017.1351608","volume":"29","author":"S Farshi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Farshi S, Mansouri P, Kasraee B (2018) Efficacy of cysteamine cream in the treatment of epidermal melasma, evaluating by Dermacatch as a new measurement method: a randomized double blind placebo controlled study. J Dermatolog Treat 29:182\u2013189","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"2133_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13424","volume":"173","author":"P Mansouri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mansouri P et al (2015) Evaluation of the efficacy of cysteamine 5% cream in the treatment of epidermal melasma: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 173:209\u2013217","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2133_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12285","volume":"33","author":"R Sun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sun R et al (2017) Wood's lamp image of porokeratosis. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 33:114\u2013116","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"key":"2133_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.29271\/jcpsp.2018.01.13","volume":"28","author":"N Shakeeb","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shakeeb N et al (2018) Efficacy of intense pulse light therapy and tripple combination cream versus intense pulse light therapy and tripple combination cream alone in epidermal melasma treatment. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 28:13\u201316","journal-title":"J Coll Physicians Surg Pak"},{"key":"2133_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.13234","volume":"43","author":"S Handa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Handa S et al (2018) The clinicoaetiological, hormonal and histopathological characteristics of melasma in men. Clin Exp Dermatol 43:36\u201341","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"2133_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12109","volume":"20","author":"M Baqui\u00e9","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baqui\u00e9 M, Kasraee B (2014) Discrimination between cutaneous pigmentation and erythema: comparison of the skin colorimeters dermacatch and mexameter. Skin Res Technol 20:218\u2013227","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"key":"2133_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1994.01690060057005","volume":"130","author":"CK Kimbrough-Green","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kimbrough-Green CK et al (1994) Topical retinoic acid (tretinoin) for melasma in black patients: a vehicle-controlled clinical trial. Arch Dermatol 130:727\u2013733","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"2133_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098245","volume":"52","author":"MA Mansournia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mansournia, M.A. and D.G. Altman (2018), Invited commentary: methodological issues in the design and analysis of randomised trials. Br J Sports Med 52:553\u2013555","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2133_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7211.670","volume":"319","author":"S Hollis","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hollis S, Campbell F (1999) What is meant by intention to treat analysis? Survey of published randomised controlled trials. BMJ 319:670\u2013674","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2133_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-014-0064-z","volume":"4","author":"K Shankar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shankar K et al (2014) Evidence-based treatment for melasma: expert opinion and a review. Dermatol Ther 4:165\u2013186","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"2133_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2004.05695.x","volume":"150","author":"J Hwang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hwang J et al (2004) Pigment-lightening effect of N, N\u2032-dilinoleylcystamine on human melanoma cells. Br J Dermatol 150:39\u201346","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2133_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2010.0912","volume":"20","author":"D Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li D et al (2010) Tranexamic acid can treat ultraviolet radiation-induced pigmentation in guinea pigs. Eur J Dermatol 20:289\u2013292","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"2133_CR28","first-page":"626","volume":"32","author":"JH Lee","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee JH et al (2006) Localized intradermal microinjection of tranexamic acid for treatment of melasma in Asian patients: a preliminary clinical trial. Dermatol Surg 32:626\u2013631","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"2133_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.12835","volume":"41","author":"S Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim S et al (2016) Efficacy and possible mechanisms of topical tranexamic acid in melasma. Clin Exp Dermatol 41:480\u2013485","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"2133_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-012-9899-9","volume":"36","author":"S Wu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu S et al (2012) Treatment of melasma with oral administration of tranexamic acid. Aesthetic Plast Surg 36:964\u2013970","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"}],"container-title":["Archives of Dermatological Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00403-020-02133-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00403-020-02133-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00403-020-02133-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T00:00:27Z","timestamp":1630540827000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00403-020-02133-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00403-020-02133-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-3696","1432-069X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-3696","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-069X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 March 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 July 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 September 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}